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Text: Yanyan
Edited by Yeon-yeon
Preface
On the stage of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people with the image of the king of benevolence and virtue.
However, in the Battle of Yiling, Liu Bei suffered a crushing defeat and almost exhausted Shu Han's family foundation. It is puzzling that, despite this, no one calls him a faint king.
What kind of complex situation and entanglement of people's hearts are hidden behind this battle? Why did Liu Bei's decision-making and character in this catastrophe still win the respect and recognition of future generations?
Reckless Hero: Liu Bei's difficult start
In that troubled era when the heroes were competing for deer, how could a Han clan member from a humble background go from a poor boy weaving mats to the road of the emperor step by step? Liu Bei's story begins with a poor childhood.
This experience not only shaped his character, but also laid the foundation for his later political ideas. Liu Bei lost his father at a young age and was raised by his widowed mother. In order to make ends meet, the mother and son had to make a living by weaving mats and selling shoes.
This experience planted the seeds for Liu Bei's benevolence in the future. He knew the sufferings of the people, so he was able to win the hearts of the people. This kind of sympathy for the people at the bottom has become an important consideration for his future policy formulation, and it is also the key to his ability to gain a firm foothold in troubled times.
Fortunately, Liu Bei's uncle saw the extraordinaryness of this young man. He generously donated money and sent Liu Bei and his son to study under the famous teacher Lu Zhi. However, it is recorded in the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" that Liu Bei was not a good student in the traditional sense.
He doesn't like to bury his head in hard reading, but is more interested in Chinese clothes, music, and riding archery. This unique hobby may be the key to achieving great things in the future.
This also reflects Liu Bei's ability to learn from life, rather than just book knowledge, which makes him more adaptable in a complex political environment.
Despite his poor family, Liu Bei has a precious talent - extraordinary communication skills. This innate charm allowed him to get acquainted with friends of life and death like Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in his early years.
Their righteous knot Jinlan not only became a classic in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but also the foundation for Liu Bei's future achievements. Liu Bei's ability to make friends with the Magi played a huge role in his later political career, enabling him to gain strong support in difficult times.
Rescue Xuzhou: Liu Bei's first appearance of benevolence
In 194 AD, Cao Cao attacked Xuzhou in the name of avenging his father and threatened to slaughter the city. In despair, Xuzhou Mu Taoqian asked for help everywhere. Liu Bei, who was unknown at the time, resolutely decided to go to help after hearing about this.
This decision not only demonstrated Liu Bei's benevolence, but also his political vision, as helping Xuzhou could win him future allies and supporters.
This decision, in the eyes of others, is tantamount to hitting a stone with an egg. Liu Bei's troops are limited, how can he compete with Cao Cao, who is in full swing? However, it is this courage to sacrifice himself for others that makes Liu Bei stand out in troubled times.
His courage not only won the hearts and minds of the people, but also made other princes begin to pay attention to this emerging power. Liu Bei's actions proved that in troubled times, benevolence can become a powerful political capital.
Liu Bei led his army to Xuzhou and confronted Cao Cao's army. At this moment, Cao Cao's lair was suddenly attacked by Lu Bu. In order to keep his foundation, Cao Cao had to withdraw his troops.
Liu Bei's timely assistance not only saved the people of Xuzhou, but also won Tao Qian's trust. This operation demonstrated Liu Bei's military talent and political wisdom, and he successfully took advantage of the change in the situation to find a way to survive among the strong enemies.
When Tao Qian was seriously ill, he entrusted Xuzhou to Liu Bei. This was the first turning point in Liu Bei's life, and he finally had his own territory. However, the good times were short-lived.
Soon after, Liu Bei was betrayed by Lü Bu and lost his hard-won Xuzhou. This setback made Liu Bei realize that in troubled times, benevolence alone is not enough, and he also needs enough strength to protect his ideals and career.
This setback did not bring down Liu Bei. On the contrary, it made Liu Bei more firm in his belief - in this troubled era, only benevolence can win people's hearts and achieve great causes.
At the same time, this experience also made Liu Bei aware of the cruelty of power struggles, prompting him to begin to handle political relations more cautiously, laying the foundation for his future rise.
Wandering: Liu Bei's Survival Wisdom
After the loss of Xuzhou, Liu Bei's situation became extremely difficult. He went into exile with the remnants of his troops, sometimes even eating the corpses of his companions. However, even in such a difficult situation, there are still many people around Liu Bei who will never give up.
This loyalty stems not only from Liu Bei's charisma, but also from his leadership ability to unite and unite people. In the most difficult moments, Liu Bei demonstrated excellent crisis management skills.
During this period, Liu Bei showed amazing survival wisdom. He first took refuge in Cao Cao and spent a short "honeymoon period" with this powerful enemy. However, Cao Cao remained wary of this potential opponent.
As commented in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Liu Bei's life's struggle is "not only to compete for profit, but to avoid harm." Liu Bei's experience in Cao Ying gave him an in-depth understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of his opponents, and accumulated valuable experience for future confrontations.
In order to avoid disaster, Liu Bei had to leave again. He took refuge in many ways, but he was never able to find a place to stay. This experience made Liu Bei more deeply aware of the nature of power, and also made him more sympathetic to his subordinates and cherish talents in his future rule.
Liu Bei's experience also tempered his diplomatic skills, enabling him to maneuver between various forces and win living space for himself. This period of exile was also a period when Liu Bei's political thought gradually matured.
He experienced first-hand the advantages and disadvantages of various forms of governance, and gained a deeper understanding of how to govern the country and how to win the hearts and minds of the people. These experiences laid the ideological foundation for his later establishment of the Shu Han regime.
The beginning of the turning point: the Battle of Chibi united Wu to resist Cao
The turning point in Liu Bei's fate appeared on the eve of the Battle of Chibi. At that time, Cao Cao's army moved south, intending to annex Jingzhou in one fell swoop. Liu Bei was once again in a dangerous situation.
The crisis also became an opportunity for Liu Bei to demonstrate his political wisdom and military prowess, and he succeeded in turning the crisis into an opportunity.
At this time, the main battle faction such as Lusu of Eastern Wu put forward the strategy of "uniting Liu to resist Cao". Lu Su came to Liu Beijun and skillfully got closer to Zhuge Liang: "Hey, I'm your brother's friend." This small detail laid the groundwork for the future Sun-Liu Alliance.
Liu Bei keenly seized the opportunity and demonstrated superb diplomatic negotiation skills, successfully brokering an alliance that was extremely beneficial to him.
Zhuge Liang planned the future route for Liu Bei as early as in the "Longzhong Pair": unite with Sun Quan, fight for Jingzhou Yizhou, and finally divide the world into three parts and wait and see what happens. Now that the opportunity has come, Zhuge Liang will naturally not miss it.
He personally went to Soochow and facilitated the Sun-Liu Alliance. This diplomatic action fully demonstrated Liu Bei's ability to use people, and he gave Zhuge Liang full trust and power, so that the military advisor could give full play to his talents.
The victory in the Battle of Chibi not only shattered Cao Cao's ambition to dominate the world, but also opened up a new situation for Liu Bei. In this battle, Liu Bei showed outstanding diplomatic skills and strategic vision.
He managed to find a balance between the two powerful enemies, Cao Cao and Sun Quan, and won himself a respite. This victory not only dealt a military blow to Cao Cao, but also greatly enhanced Liu Bei's status and influence among the princes.
After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei's political status underwent a qualitative change. He was no longer a wandering exiled prince, but an important force capable of fighting against Cao Cao and Sun Quan. This laid a solid foundation for his subsequent development.
The Establishment of Shu Han: Liu Bei's Opportunities and Choices
After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei was given the opportunity to enter Yizhou. However, this operation showed an unknown side of Liu Bei's character. This decision reflects Liu Bei's pragmatism and decisiveness as a politician, who understands that difficult choices are sometimes had to be made in troubled times.
Liu Bei entered Shu in the name of "being invited", but secretly colluded with Liu Zhang's subordinates and finally seized Yizhou. This decision violated Liu Bei's consistent image of benevolence to some extent.
However, we must also understand that in that troubled era, sometimes for the sake of great cause, we had to make some choices that went against our hearts. Although Liu Bei's decision was morally controversial, from a strategic point of view, it did lay a geographical foundation for the establishment of Shu Han.
After capturing Yizhou, Liu Bei finally had a foothold. He began to set about establishing his own regime, recruiting talents, and developing production. In this process, Liu Bei gave full play to his strengths - good at employing people.
He not only reused Zhuge Liang and other civil servants, but also boldly used many local talents, which laid the foundation for the stability of the Shu Han regime. Liu Bei's way of employing people not only shows his political wisdom, but also reflects his open-mindedness and inclusiveness.
However, fate once again presented Liu Bei with a difficult problem. Guan Yu was defeated and killed in Jingzhou, and Liu Bei decided to go east to conquer Wu. This decision ultimately led to a fiasco in the Battle of Yiling.
This decision reflects the emotional side of Liu Bei's character, and he made an irrational decision because of his righteousness. However, this also reflects Liu Bei's personality charm, and his loyalty and righteousness to his friends are an important reason why he can unite people's hearts.
The defeat in the Battle of Yiling was undoubtedly a major setback in Liu Bei's political career. However, we cannot negate Liu Bei's life's achievements based on this failure alone.
On the contrary, we should see that it was Liu Bei's benevolence, wisdom and tenacity that enabled Shu Han to occupy a place in the situation of the Three Kingdoms.
epilogue
Throughout Liu Bei's life, what we see is a complex and three-dimensional character. He was virtuous, wise, ambitious, and determined.
The defeat in the Battle of Yiling did bring huge losses to Shu Han, but it was not enough to erase Liu Bei's exploits. As a self-made founding monarch, Liu Bei's achievements cannot be ignored.
His story teaches us that when judging a historical figure, we need to look at it holistically and objectively, rather than simply judging heroes by their successes or failures.
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