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Review
Now the speed of mobile phone update iteration is very fast, I don't know if you still remember what the logo of the positioning system on the mobile phone was?
In the past, when we turned on the location service, the word "GPS" would appear above the mobile phone, so that we formed the solidified idea of "GPS=positioning system", in fact, the relationship between the two should be "GPS< positioning system", why "<"? Let's find out.
The development and monopoly of GPS in the United States
GPS stands for "Global Positioning System", which means "Global Positioning System", developed by the United States, and its history can be traced back to the Soviet-American arms race in the last century.
In the seventies of the last century, the arms race between the Soviet Union and the United States was in full swing, and at first, both sides launched a fierce competition in nuclear weapons, and later successively set their sights on space.
In 1957, the successful launch of the world's first artificial satellite, the Soviet Union's Pstnik 1, ushered in the space age.
The launch of the satellite attracted the attention of the United States, and American researchers found that the observer's position on the earth could be calculated by measuring the distance of the orbiting satellite's space position, and then the researchers began to develop and launch 21 operational satellites and 3 backup satellites into six orbits at 30 degrees to each other, which is the current operation of GPS satellites.
The United States GPS was developed and used early, and it was already able to provide services in 1994, while the mainland's Beidou-1 system project had just been built in 1994.
In the past few decades, GPS has occupied the global positioning market with high-precision location and real-time data, which has filled all aspects of people's daily life, and has gradually become the key to the smooth operation of transportation, military, business and other activities.
However, while GPS provides great convenience for people, it also lays a deep hidden danger for us to be controlled by others in positioning services.
In 1993, the Chinese crew was stranded at sea for 22 days after the United States accused the Chinese freighter Yinhe of carrying thiodiethylene glycol and thionyl chloride, two raw materials for chemical weapons, and turned off the GPS system.
In 1996, when the mainland was conducting a maritime military exercise, the United States maliciously turned off the GPS, causing the internal positioning system of the mainland missile destroyer No. 052 to malfunction, causing the mainland fleet to get lost.
During the Taiwan Strait crisis, the United States also used the GPS positioning system to cause the two missiles launched by the mainland to deviate from their positions by several hundred kilometers.
It can be seen how passive the mainland was in global positioning before the emergence of the Beidou navigation system, which also strengthened the continent's determination to achieve independence and break through the core technology in the global positioning system.
The rise and confrontation of the Beidou system (BDS).
On June 23, 2020, the 55th Beidou navigation satellite was successfully launched, realizing the global service capability of the Beidou system, shaking the long-term hegemony of the United States GPS in global positioning.
In 1994, China officially began the development of Beidou-1, and launched two geostationary orbit satellites in 2000, followed by a backup satellite in 2003, completing the establishment of the Beidou Satellite Navigation Experimental System.
In 2004, the Beidou satellite navigation system achieved regional active positioning, in 2012 it achieved regional passive positioning, and in 2020 it achieved global passive positioning. The smooth development of the three-step development plan of the Beidou system has realized the autonomy of China's positioning and got rid of its long-term dependence on the United States.
The Beidou Navigation Satellite System consists of three parts: the space segment, the ground segment and the user terminal. Compared with the 24 satellites of GPS, the Beidou system space includes 5 geostationary orbit satellites and 30 non-geostationary orbit satellites.
In addition, compared with GPS, the compatibility and interaction, active navigation and positioning and short message functions of the Beidou system also provide users with more convenience.
First of all, in terms of compatibility and interaction, many companies have begun to manufacture receivers that can be compatible with both Beidou system and GPS, which means that users can choose the appropriate positioning service more flexibly and independently.
Secondly, active navigation and positioning is a function that GPS, GLONASS, etc. do not have, compared with passive positioning, the speed is much faster, and it only takes a few seconds from boot to receiving positioning results.
Compared with the one-way transmission of information between the GPS satellite positioning terminal and the ground service station, the short message function of the Beidou system can realize the two-way information transmission between the two, which has greater advantages.
Beidou system adheres to the construction principles of independence, openness and compatibility, advanced technology, stability and reliability, and strives for excellence in system development and development, with a positioning accuracy of 10 meters, a velocity measurement accuracy of 0.2 meters per second, and a timing accuracy of 10 nanometers. The continent is also known as the fourth country in the world to have an autonomous satellite navigation and positioning system.
On the one hand, the completion and use of the Beidou system has given us greater confidence in the positioning of major undertakings such as military and aviation, and we no longer have to worry about whether the GPS will be turned off, so that the Yinhe incident will be staged again.
On the other hand, we can also eliminate the need to introduce foreign systems, so that we can save a lot of money to invest in other projects. Moreover, the Beidou navigation system can also promote the development of automobiles, mobile phones and other industries in the mainland, and promote the progress of science and technology and economic upgrading in the mainland.
At the same time, after the global networking, China's Beidou grabbed 530 billion, and 137 countries such as Russia and Pakistan rushed to sign agreements with Beidou, positioning more than 150 billion times, becoming the world's second positioning and navigation system in terms of usage.
The rise of the Beidou system has also worried the United States, which has tried to turn off GPS to detect the impact on other countries, and the results show that the impact of GPS on all countries has dropped significantly, and the impact on China is only 8%. It can be seen that the Beidou system has made a significant contribution to the positioning security of China and even the world.
end
The success of the Beidou system is not only the embodiment of the mainland's scientific and technological progress, the embodiment of the mainland's positioning independence, but also the embodiment of balancing global positioning security, which is of great significance not only to China, but also to all countries in the world.
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