Continuing with our "Shuowen Jiezi" course, this lesson will talk about the two Chinese characters in the "meat" part: "fat, 膺". Among them, "fat" is the second most commonly used word in modern Chinese, which is included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese", and "膺" is the common word of modern Chinese, which is included in the "List of Common Words in Modern Chinese".
1. Fat. Read fáng. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "Fat, fat." From the meat, the square. "Morphophonetic characters. The original meaning is fat.
(Pork fat)
Shen Tao's "Examination of the Ancient Book of Sayings": "The sixteenth volume of "All the Classics and Yinyi" quotes 'fat, fat. Lipid also. "It's an ancient book" is also fat. 'Four words are taken now. It can be seen that in the earliest version of "Shuowen", there is an explanation of fat and "fat". "Jade Chapter: Meat": "Fat, fat." ”
Cao Pi's "Book with Zhong Dali": "Stealing the jade book, saying that the beautiful jade is as white as fat." Li Shan's note quoted "Popular Literature" and said: "Fat is in the waist and fat." "This is a compliment to the pure white delicacy of the mutton fat jade, like wearing a piece of white fat.
(Sheep fat jade)
Obviously, in ancient times, fat also specifically referred to the fat oil on the loin of animals.
The small seal of fat is written as follows:
(Fat small seal writing)
2. Ying. Read yīng. Zhonghua Book Company's phonetic version of "Shuowen Jie Zi" is marked with yìng, which is obviously a mislabel. The explanation given in "Shuowen Jie Zi" is: "Ying, chest." From the meat, the sound of [疒倠]. Xu Shen thinks it's a phonetic character. The original meaning is chest.
(Chest)
In fact, in the beginning, "Ying" referred to the word thing. Take a look at the glyph evolution:
(Evolution of the glyph of 膺)
膺 in the oracle bone inscription period refers to the word for things. The first text is to add a little or an arc symbol to the chest part of the chest of the "隹" (bird) to show the meaning of the chest, to the Zhou Dynasty added the shape of the symbol "people" and become the shape of the phonetic character, that is, "倠", to the seal period, and add the shape of the character "meat", the sound of the note and add multiplication, or from the "boil", or from the "wide", after the shape of "Ying".
The original meaning of Ying is chest.
"Chu Ci, Nine Chapters, Regret Recitation": "The back and the back are painful, and the heart is depressed and stubborn. Wang Yi's note: "Ying, chest." "Under the Chinese Lu Language": "Please have no barrenness, no snot, no pinching." Wei Zhao's note: "Ying, chest." "Please don't be emaciated with grief, don't weep silently, don't beat your chest.
Jiang Yan's "Hate Fu": "I want to drink wine; Sadness fills the body. "When I want to raise a glass and drink, my chest is filled with sadness. The word "膺" here is used in its original meaning. This is also where the idiom "righteous indignation" comes from. The idiom refers to the chest full of anger.
In addition to the original meaning, 膺 has other uses:
(1) Mammary bone. "The Bodhisattva Seeing the Three Flavors Sutra" Volume 1: "The bones are full of flat bones." Tang Xuanying's "One Jing Cutting the Meaning of the Sound" volume four quotes the cloud of "Cangjie Chapter": "Ying, the breast bone is also." "The supramammary bone here is actually part of the sternum.
(Position of the sternum)
(2) Chest, where the muscles on both sides of the chest are raised. "Su Wen: On the Abdomen": "There is sickness and swelling, neck pain, chest fullness, and abdominal distention. Wang Bing's note: "Ying, chest." ”
(3) Chest; Heart. "Hanshu Dongfang Shuo Biography": "The doctor of Jinzi cultivates the art of the ancestors, admires the righteousness of the sage, satirizes the words of the hundred schools of thought of "poems" and "books", which are innumerable. Yan Shigu notes: "Obey, bow down to its chest." "Now Doctor, you practice the Taoism of the ancient emperors, admire the morality of the sages, recite and read the "poems", "books" and the books of the hundred schools of thought, innumerable, write books and speak, write on bamboo slips, white silk, and practice the art of Muyi for life, until the lips rot and teeth fall, still remember in your heart, and you can't forget in your heart.
(4) bowing; Myself. "Erya Commentary": "Ying, kiss also." "The Book of Rites: Shaoyi": "The feast is not a hyena." Holding the basket and stinging. "Do not use a broom before cleaning, and hold your tongue to yourself when holding a basket.
(5) When, promise. "Vocabulary Supplement: Meat Department": "Should, dang." "Book Wucheng": "Born the Mandate of Heaven to soothe Fang Xia." Kong Chuan: "Great destiny." In order to soothe the Quartet in mid-summer. Li Shangyin's "For Xingyang Gong and Jingzhao Li Yinzhuang": "Fu Chengrong won a new life, and Fu Wei was relieved. This is also where the word "honored" comes from, which means to be honorably obtained.
(Women's volleyball team won the world championship)
(6) Resist; Hit. "Poetry, Lu Song, Gong": "Rong Di is Ying, Jing Shu is punishment." Mao Chuan: "Ying, dangye." "I will hit the Rong and Di tribes, and I will severely punish the Chu and Xu countries.
(7) Acceptance. "Chu Ci Tianwen": "The writer is cooperative, and the deer is not good." Wang Yi's note: "Ying, accept also." "With a tame and supple physique, how can the deer body accept it?
(8) Tong "tassel". Band. "Chu Ci, Nine Chapters, Sadness and Return": "Thinking about the heart is sorrowful, and making up sorrow is sorrowful." "Entangled worries as admiration, and sorrowful feelings as threads.
The small seal is written as follows:
(How to write the small seal)
(822 of [Shuowen Jiezi], some pictures come from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original copyright owner)