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Under the wave of science and technology in the 21st century, a huge strategic wrestling is being staged fiercely around the world. Science and technology is no longer simply the pursuit of innovation, but also the interest game between countries, regions and enterprises at a deeper level. A thrilling "high-tech colosseum" is rewriting the world's scientific and technological map.
There are many waves, and the giants are plotting
Once upon a time, the chip industry was regarded as the epitome of a globally integrated industrial chain. Large companies span many countries, and fabs around the world run at high speed like giant windmills, continuously exporting chips to supply the world's major tech giants.
Today, however, this vision has been shattered.
In 2023, TSMC and Samsung, the two heavyweight giants in the chip industry, seem to have suffered a great blow and have made strategic adjustments like "big reversals" one after another. In the past, it was almost a full supporter of the American Chips Act, and they have announced that they will invest tens of billions of dollars in the United States to build new chip manufacturing bases.
But right now, the situation has taken a turn for the worse. While once seen as a response to U.S. industrial policy, TSMC and Samsung have been working together to expand aggressively at home.
TSMC has repeatedly expanded several new factories in Taiwan; Samsung, on the other hand, is betting that it will invest trillions of won in South Korea in the next 20 years to build the largest chip manufacturing base in history. The total investment amount of the two companies is more than one trillion won, which is staggering in terms of the numbers alone.
In the face of the "sudden cunning" of the two chip giants in the middle game, the chip industry policy of the United States seems to have suffered a deep setback. Originally, the United States tried to tie them firmly to its homeland through fiscal incentives, but it was unexpectedly "stabbed in the back" and forced to face the fact that they were expanding aggressively at home.
What are the underlying considerations? It is clear that TSMC and Samsung are not so frank. What they are pursuing is to get rid of their dependence on any external single market and seek a long-term development strategy that is independent and controllable and maintains flexible space under the grim situation of the Sino-US science and technology cold war.
This is a "power struggle for core control" within the industry. As the leaders of the chip industry chain, TSMC and Samsung have finally realized how fragile and dangerous it is for technology production capacity to be controlled by others. In the fierce geopolitical game, the real winners can only be those companies and countries that have absolute autonomy.
China's Silicon Valley fights back
At the same time, China, which has been regarded as a "short board" of chips by the West, has finally exploded in this strategic competition and has become a world-class force to be reckoned with.
After the United States implemented strict technology export controls on China, and even sacrificed a "small EDIG attack", China's local chip companies finally caught up with Samsung, TSMC and other foreign companies in some subdivisions by virtue of years of precipitation and national strategic support.
In recent years, China's local chip design and manufacturing enterprises have blossomed and borne fruit, making comprehensive breakthroughs in design tools, masks, equipment and other links. According to authoritative media reports, China has entered the world's first camp in some fields of semiconductors, such as fingerprint chips, flash memory chips, security chips, IGBT power chips and other characteristic processes.
Of course, there is still a gap between the overall level of China's chip industry and giants such as Samsung and Intel, not to mention the independent and controllable control of the whole system. However, this technological breakthrough has undoubtedly greatly reduced the dependence on external high-end chips, proving to the world that China can make power in this key area.
Some commentators have pointed out that the biggest change brought about by China's technological rise may not be the technology itself, but the realization of the United States and other traditional scientific and technological powers that the unilateralist development model is no longer feasible and that artificial technological barriers will harm all countries.
This kind of change, like a sweeping tsunami, has impacted the pattern of international scientific and technological hegemony in the past few decades and promoted a new balance. In the Sino-US technology game, China is undoubtedly no longer a passive party, but increasingly one of the decisive forces leading the future pattern.
As a result, companies such as TSMC and Samsung have to re-examine their strategic layout in the Chinese market in this game. They do not want to be drawn into the whirlpool of geopolitical conflicts, but they cannot fully satisfy the extreme claims of the West for "de-sinicization". Therefore, behind the local expansion, there is a strategic adjustment to hedge risks.
But in any case, the "Chinese chip counterattack" has had a direct impact on TSMC and Samsung. They are no longer faced with the temptation of Western industrial policies, but also from the subversive changes brought by China's scientific and technological power to the industry pattern. This is the fundamental reason why they are now in the middle of the game, and their actions are inconsistent.
New tracks, new rules
All these changes herald the arrival of a new pattern in the technology industry and even the global economy. Where will cooperation and competition go in this new era? How will the rules be reshaped?
One thing is certain, that is, no country or company should rely too much on a single external supply chain and blindly trust the technology of other countries.
This lesson is not only reflected in the chip industry, but also in many strategic scientific and technological fields such as artificial intelligence, new energy, aerospace and so on. Once it lacks the ability to control itself, it will once again become a victim of external suppression and blockade. In the harsh living environment, autonomy is the bottom line.
Therefore, all countries are seeking localized development, through comprehensive breakthroughs in multiple fields, mastering independent technology, and avoiding being contained and stuck. The new layout of TSMC and Samsung is the best embodiment of this concept. While enjoying external incentives, we will expand local production capacity on a large scale to avoid being controlled by others, and also build up potential energy for future technology competition.
What do you think about this? Comments are welcome.
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