He served as the director of the War Department of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense, the chief of staff of the Army General Headquarters, and the commander of the 22nd Corps. He once sent the top-secret battle plan of the Kuomintang army to Yan'an, providing our army with a lot of important military intelligence; He once led more than 13,000 Kuomintang officers and soldiers to revolt and made great contributions to the victory of the Liberation War - he was the "red spy" Guo Rugui who lurked beside Chiang Kai-shek and was scolded by Chiang Kai-shek as "Niang Xipi".
One
In 1907, Guo Rugui was born in Tongliang County, Chongqing, into a family of scholars. In 1926, Guo Rugui was recommended by his cousin Guo Rudong, the commander of the Sichuan Army, to be admitted to the fifth phase of the Whampoa Military Academy and was assigned to the fifth student team of the Political Science Department.
At this time, during the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation, Zhou Enlai, Yun Daiying, Xiao Chunu, Wu Yuzhang and other communists successively served in Huangpu. Under the teachings of these Communists, Guo Rugui was deeply influenced and felt that only the Communist Party could save China.
In 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12 Counter-Revolutionary Coup" in Shanghai, Wu Yuzhang called Guo Rugui to his office and asked him to return to Sichuan to find his cousin Guo Rudong and find a way to prevent the Sichuan warlord Yang Sen from cooperating with Chiang Kai-shek in attacking Wuhan.
What Guo Rugui didn't expect was that Guo Rudong said on the surface that he would prevent Yang Sen from falling to Chiang Kai-shek, but secretly sent people to express his allegiance to Chiang Kai-shek. Guo Rugui lost contact with Wu Yuzhang in this way.
Although Sichuan was enveloped by the White Terror at the time, Guo Rugui was unwavering in her belief in the party, and in 1929 she was introduced by Yuan Jingming, an underground party member, and secretly joined the Chinese Communist Party.
After the outbreak of the Central Plains War, Guo Rudong's troops were stationed in Hubei. Guo Rugui prepared to take this opportunity to launch an uprising, but unfortunately it was unsuccessful. For the safety of his cousin, Guo Rudong decided to send Guo Rugui to Japan to study military affairs.
Soon after Guo Rugui went to Japan to study, the "918 Incident" broke out. Witnessing the Japanese invasion and occupation of the three eastern provinces of the mainland, Guo Rugui dropped out of school in anger and returned to China in 1931 to study at the Army University.
After three years of study at Lu University, Guo Rugui graduated with the first grade, and his performance was also appreciated by Chen Cheng, and as soon as he graduated, he entered the 14th Division of the 18th Army under Chen Cheng and served as the chief of staff.
After the start of the Anti-Japanese War, Guo Rugui's 14th Division was ordered to participate in the Battle of Songhu. Guo Rugui led the 14th Division to fight the Japanese army repeatedly for seven days and seven nights, which dealt a severe blow to the arrogance of the Japanese army, and Guo Rugui became a well-known anti-Japanese general throughout the country, and was promoted to chief of staff of the 54th Army soon after.
After the fall of Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek built fortifications in Wuhan and prepared to defend Wuhan. At Chen Cheng's convening and operational meeting, Guo Rugui's operational plan of making the best use of the mountainous terrain and carrying out active defense on the periphery of Wuhan was affirmed by Chen Cheng, and he asked Chief of Staff Guo Confession to adjust the operational plan according to Guo Rugui's opinions.
Later facts proved that although the Kuomintang lost the Battle of Wuhan, the battle plan proposed by Guo Rugui still gave the enemy a large number of casualties and material consumption. Therefore, after the Battle of Wuhan, on the recommendation of Chen Cheng, Guo Rugui was promoted to the post of commander of the New Fifth Division.
In the autumn of 1941, Guo Rugui led the New Fifth Division to participate in the Battle of Changsha, and defeated the Japanese army in the battle, successfully held the defense line from Piaofeng Mountain to Miluo River, and was commended by the theater command.
After the Battle of Changsha, Guo Rugui was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the deputy captain of the "Central Training Corps", and in February 1945, he was promoted to the director of military affairs of the Ministry of Political Affairs, becoming a senior Kuomintang general in charge of the establishment and equipment of the national army.
Two
Although the official became bigger and bigger, Guo Rugui always believed that the Kuomintang was rotten in all political and economic fields, and Chiang Kai-shek never gave up the idea of opposing the Communist Party and suppressing the Communist Party, so deep in his heart, he has been waiting for the day when he will resume contact with the party.
In May 1945, a special guest came to Guo Rugui's house - his classmate at the Whampoa Military Academy and Ren Lianru, who was also a communist. It turned out that Ren Tiyou was sent by Dong Biwu, the head of the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, to deliberately approach Guo Rugui.
During this meeting, Guo Rugui told Ren Lianru about his tortuous experience after losing contact with the party, and his desire to request the organization to restore his party membership. Ren Lianru immediately reported to Dong Biwu.
One night a few days later, Dong Biwu secretly met with Guo Rugui and told him that the organization agreed to restore his party membership, and at the same time, the organization believed that Guo had broken into the top echelons of the Kuomintang and could use his identity to provide valuable information to the party. Guo Rugui immediately agreed.
In 1946, Guo Rugui was recommended by Chen Cheng to serve as the director of the Third Department of the Ministry of National Defense, which was in charge of operations, and was given the opportunity to participate in the high-level military meeting of the Kuomintang. Since then, a lot of confidential information from the top level of the Kuomintang has been continuously transmitted to our party through the hands of Guo Rugui.
One day in May 1947, Guo Rugui received a telephone call from Yu Jishi, director of Chiang Kai-shek's chamberlain, informing him to attend Chiang Kai-shek's military conference to study the Shandong operation, intending to use Tang Enbo, Ou Zhenbing, Wang Jingjiu and other corps to encircle our East China Field Army in Shandong.
After the meeting, Guo Rugui handed over this important information to Ren Lianru in a timely manner, and especially emphasized that this time Chiang Kai-shek sent the 74th Division, which was known as the "Imperial Forest Army." This division has more than 37,000 people, all of which are American-style equipment and extremely strong in combat, so the PLA must be particularly careful.
In the following battle, our army completely annihilated the entire 74th Division of the Kuomintang ace unit at Menglianggu and killed the division commander Zhang Lingfu, causing a serious setback to Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to focus on Shandong.
In the process of providing top-secret information to the CCP, Guo Rugui has also aroused the suspicion of some people. Du Yuming, deputy commander of the Xuzhou "Suppression Chief," saw that Guo Ruhuai's shadow had been seen in several major erroneous decisions of the Nationalist army, and he could not help but have doubts about Guo Rugui, and he also raised such suspicions to Chiang Kai-shek. It's just that Guo Rugui didn't leave any handle in doing things, and Du Yuming couldn't show evidence in front of Lao Jiang, but just said that Guo Rugui was not greedy for money and not lustful, which was very similar to the Communist Party. After hearing this, Chiang Kai-shek disagreed: Could it be that the officials of the Nationalist Government have to go everywhere to collect money in order not to be a communist? It's a joke!
Although Chiang Kai-shek felt that Du Yuming was suspicious, for the sake of safety, he secretly ordered Chiang Ching-kuo to investigate Guo Rugui.
One day, Chiang Ching-kuo suddenly visited Guo Rugui's house during dinner, and saw that there were only a few plates of vegetarian dishes on the table. After returning home, Chiang Ching-kuo reported to Chiang Kai-shek that Guo Rugui had a clean style on his sleeves and that his frugal style should be popularized throughout the party. After this incident, Guo Rugui's position in the Kuomintang became more and more solid, and Chiang Kai-shek became more convinced of him.
Three
In October 1948, the Battle of Huaihai was about to begin. The Kuomintang decided to concentrate its superior forces on both sides of the Tianjin-Pudong Railway between Xuzhou and Bengbu to form a key point, and to seek an opportunity to fight a decisive battle with our army.
Chiang Kai-shek never dreamed that the battle plan formulated by Guo Rugui would soon be sent to the desk of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. With this information, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) was even more powerful, and won a great victory in the Huaihai Campaign to annihilate the enemy's 800,000 with 600,000.
After the end of the three major battles, the Kuomintang government was in a desperate situation of stormy and disintegration. Guo Rugui believed that the Kuomintang would never be able to stop the People's Liberation Army from crossing the river, but Chiang Kai-shek would definitely make the final struggle in the southwest region, and if he could manage to control an army and lead his troops to revolt at a critical moment, he would definitely be able to play a role in influencing the course of the war!
With the approval of the Central Committee, Guo Rugui found Gu Zhutong and put forward the idea that he would be willing to serve as the commander of an army and go to the southwest region to fight guerrillas with the communist army for the sake of the party-state. Gu Zhutong was greatly moved and immediately reported to Chiang Kai-shek. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Guo Rugui as the commander of the 72nd Army and immediately sailed for Sichuan.
After Guo Rugui received the appointment, he found Tang Enbo, commander of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou garrison, and soon obtained a large number of weapons, ammunition, and supplies, recruited some veterans, and brought this unit to Neijiang and Yibin in Sichuan to garrison.
The reason why Guo Rugui chose to be stationed in the Neijiang and Yibin areas is because it can hold the Tuojiang River and the Yangtze River, can directly approach Chongqing in the east, and threaten Chengdu in the west, and the strategic location is very important.
In order to make the uprising successful, Guo Rugui placed some reliable subordinates in various important posts, ensuring that all regiments and battalions of the whole army could obey his orders. At the same time, he also paid close attention to the spies sent by the "Secrecy Bureau" to monitor the troops, and arranged for reliable people to monitor them, so that the spies would not get any information about the uprising.
On December 11, 1949, at the same time as the army of our People's Liberation Army entered Sichuan, Guo Rugui led the 72nd Army to revolt in Yibin, Sichuan, and threw himself into the arms of the people. This uprising destroyed the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek's plan to stick to the southwest, and tore a gap for the People's Liberation Army to march into the southwest. ”
Four
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Guo Rugui was appointed as the director of the transportation department of the South Sichuan Agency. However, when he submitted a request to the party organization to restore his party membership, Li Dazhang, then director of the South Sichuan Branch, raised objections. Li Dazhang believes that there are some problems in Guo Rugui's history that are not clear, and if you want to restore Guo Rugui's party membership, you must find Yuan Jingming, the introducer of the year. But Yuan Jingming, an underground party member who introduced Guo Rugui to the party in 1929, has already died, where can Guo Rugui go to find the introducer of the year?
What problems in Guo Rugui's history are not clear? In fact, this is all Li Dazhang's speculation. He thinks that Yuan Jingming and Guo Rugui were ordered to rebel against Guo Rugui's cousin Guo Rudong together, why was Guo Rugui suddenly arranged by Guo Rudong to study at the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer School, but Yuan Jingming was killed? Is it possible that Guo Rugui betrayed Yuan Jingming?
Many years later, in an interview with Ning Songxun, a writer from the Political Department of the Chengdu Military Region, Li Dazhang admitted: "The 'leftist' ideology is an important reason why I oppose the reinstatement of Guo Rugui's student status. ”
Just when Guo Rugui was depressed, he unexpectedly received an invitation from Marshal Liu Bocheng to serve as an instructor at the PLA Military Academy in Nanjing. Guo Rugui then resigned from the post of director of the South Sichuan Department of Communications and was transferred to the Nanjing Military Academy in March 1951.
In June 1956, during the "three antis and five antis" movement, a staff member named Cheng Zongjin of the Nanjing Military Academy confessed that he was a "Kuomintang spy" during an interrogation, and pointed out that he was under the leadership of Guo Rugui, who was the leader of the hidden spies deliberately left behind by the Kuomintang.
In the environment at that time, Cheng Zongjin's one-sided remarks were infinitely amplified by some people, which also led to Guo Rugui being quickly isolated and censored.
Guo Rugui never dreamed that he would become a hidden agent of the Kuomintang? Fortunately, under the personal investigation of General Zhong Zhiguang, the deputy political commissar of the Military Academy, it was quickly proved that Cheng Zongjin was falsely accusing Guo Rugui, and Guo Rugui was innocent!
Although Guo Rugui was proved innocent, during the examination period, he was very unaccustomed to the practice of some people who did not hesitate to give false testimony to frame comrades for the sake of their future, and once scolded some such people to their faces, making these people hold grudges. A few people then wrote to the higher authorities, saying that Guo Rugui viciously attacked the three-anti-five anti-anti movement, and suggested that Guo Rugui be characterized as a "rightist." Guo Rugui later recalled that if General Zhong Qiguang had not stood up against it again, it would have been difficult for him to escape this catastrophe.
In the previous campaigns, Guo Rugui was lucky to escape, but in the great storm that broke out in 1966, he could no longer escape.
As soon as the movement began, he spread rumors that Guo Rugui was a "ghost, snake god" and a "reactionary academic authority." He also summoned a group of people to criticize Guo Rugui and sent him to a farm in Yudong Town, Ba County, Sichuan Province for manual labor.
During the period of decentralization, Guo Rugui kept writing letters to the Organization Department of the Central Committee, stating his history and reflecting his requirements for joining the party for many years, which eventually attracted the attention of the Central Committee. The Central Committee instructed and agreed to Guo Rugui's re-entry into the party.
In April 1974, with the approval of the Party Committee of the Ba County Armed Forces Department, the Party Committee of the Chongqing Garrison District, and the Party Committee of the Sichuan Provincial Military Region, the Ba County Armed Forces Department Branch unanimously approved: it agreed to accept Guo Rugui as a member of the Communist Party of China. At this time, it has spanned nearly half a century since he first joined the party.
Five
After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, Guo Rugui was designated by the Central Military Commission as a retired cadre at the deputy corps level. Since then, Guo Rugui has settled in Sichuan.
After his retirement, Guo Rugui could not be idle for a day, either taking the initiative to teach English to the cadres of the Chongqing Garrison District, or assisting the Chongqing Garrison District in organizing militia exercises. The Chengdu Military Region arranged a villa for him according to the treatment of the deputy corps, but he insisted on living in a bungalow with an area of more than 70 square meters in Beibei; He also suggested to Liao Bokang, secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Party Committee: "Our troops cannot do business under any circumstances. The Kuomintang army lost its combat effectiveness because of the wealth accumulated by its officers. ”
In addition to caring for the troops, after his retirement, Guo Rugui also spent more than 10 years editing a set of "Chinese Military History" with more than 600,000 words and a "Memoirs of Guo Rugui" with nearly 400,000 words, leaving a valuable spiritual wealth to future generations. After the publication of "Memoirs of Guo Rugui," many of his former Kuomintang "comrades-in-arms" in Taiwan wrote articles scolding him, but Guo Rugui only smiled indifferently: "The victory or defeat of the war is determined by the people's back." Not to mention the Kuomintang that betrayed the people. Talking about loyalty without thinking about the interests of the country and the nation will only encourage authoritarian dictatorship and prevent social progress. This is a foolish statement! ”
On October 23, 1997, Guo Rugui was in a car accident on the way to send her daughter Guo Xiangwei to Chongqing Jiangbei Airport, and died at the age of 90. At the memorial service held for Guo Rugui, the Central Military Commission spoke highly of him, praising his life as "a life of thrilling twists and turns, rich and profound," and saying that Guo Rugui "made major contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the cause of the people's liberation."
According to Guo Rugui's son, Guo Xiangcao, after his father's death, he received many letters from Taiwan, all of which were sent by his father's old classmates at the Whampoa Military Academy. There was no text on these letters, just a blank piece of paper, which he felt very incomprehensible, and later realized that these people meant that although their father caused them to run away to Taiwan, everyone was still a Whampoa classmate, and a blank piece of paper meant "everything is in plain sight."
Resources:
Phoenix Information: "The Biggest Red Spy Guo Rugui: Director of the Operations Department of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense"
Phoenix Satellite TV: "The "Biggest Spy" Guo Rugui Passed Away, and the Former National Army Comrades-in-Arms Each Sent a Blank Piece of Paper"
Chongqing Daily: "Red Spy Guo Rugui: Ordered to Undercover the "National Army" in Danger