Wheat is the continent after rice, corn, accounting for the third place of the grain crops, as the saying goes: "wheat poured a bag of bran, grain poured down and broken", wheat lodging is a frequent occurrence, once lodging, a season of wheat basically no income. Generally, the fertilizer and water are sufficient, the group grows luxuriantly, and under the influence of wind and rain, it is easy to lodging, which affects the yield and quality of wheat. Wheat lodging can be divided into two types: stem inversion and root inversion, and the stem and stalk are tilted at different angles and can be recovered under certain conditions. The root is lodging at a large angle, even tiling the ground, and cannot return to uprightness, which has the greatest impact. In order to increase the yield of wheat and prevent wheat lodging, it is necessary to strengthen management, rationally apply fertilizer, strengthen field management and pest control according to the needs of water and fertilizer in each period of wheat, so as to obtain a high yield of wheat. This article will focus on what causes wheat lodging? Measures to prevent lodging of wheat.
1. Analysis of the causes of wheat lodging:
1. The main problem is the variety, the wheat planting plant is too high, the root system is poorly developed, the stress resistance is weak, the leaves are too large, the plant shape is draped, loose, etc.
2. Most of the plots where wheat lodging occurs are relatively fertile and sparse, due to the fertile land, vigorous growth at the seedling stage, shallow root system of corn, and root groups are concentrated in the surface layer of the soil.
3. The sowing amount is too large and the density is too large.
4. Too much nitrogen fertilizer, insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, or improper application of fertilizer and water, resulting in plant growth.
5. The soil layer of the plot for planting wheat is shallow, and the land preparation is rough, which affects the development of wheat roots.
6. Factors such as excessive rain and strong winds cause wheat to fall in patches.
2. Preventive measures
1. Select high-yield lodging-resistant varieties, fine land preparation, reasonable arrangement of basic seedlings, and improve sowing quality.
2. Reasonably carry out fertilizer and water management in the early stage to prevent wheat from growing vigorously, and carry out deep cultivation and suppression of soil cultivation for wheat seedlings that have grown vigorously at the seedling stage. In terms of fertilization, correct the phenomenon of too much nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to prevent plant growth. Strive to grow thick between the first and second nodes of the base in order to prevent high yield. If too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the seedling stage of wheat, it will cause the growth of vegetative organs to be too vigorous, the development of reproductive organs to be weakened, and even cause the lodging of wheat plants.
3. The application of growth regulators has a certain effect on preventing wheat lodging, and the method is to spray 75-100 kg per mu with a concentration of 0.1-0.25% chlormequat about 10 days before wheat jointing. Spraying with 15% paclobutrazol powder with 33-50 grams of water and 50 kg of water per mu at the 3-5 leaf stage of wheat can effectively inhibit the elongation of corn basal internodes, reduce the height of corn plants, increase the chlorophyll content, enhance photosynthesis, enhance the hardness of wheat stalks, and prevent wheat lodging.
4. Soil cultivation: The main function of wheat soil cultivation is to thicken the soil layer at the base of the stem, expand the range of water and nutrients absorbed by the root system, which is conducive to waterlogging prevention and drought resistance, improve soil temperature, ventilation and dehumidification, and ensure the normal growth and development of wheat. The time of soil cultivation is usually carried out in combination with fertilization, and the time of soil cultivation cannot be too early or too late.
5. Cultivating and weeding, the first shallow cultivation of wheat, mainly loosening the soil, and at the same time preventing weeds, promoting the early appearance of the secondary root layer and more roots. The second tillage is carried out before jointing at a depth of more than 6 cm to promote root rooting, increase root volume and prevent lodging.