Yesterday (May 17)
#台湾首现2例日本脑炎病例1人死亡#
The topic rushed to the hot search and aroused heated discussions among netizens
This is reported by Taiwan's United Daily News
Taiwan's "CDC" announced on May 15
The two cases of "Japanese encephalitis" were in Kaohsiung City
One of the men died nine days after the onset of illness
It was once present in the course of the disease
Symptoms such as neck stiffness and facial nerve paralysis
Is "Japanese encephalitis" a new virus?
Will there be human-to-human transmission?
Let's find out↓
Fatal "Japanese encephalitis"
What exactly is the disease?
"Japanese encephalitis" is actually Japanese encephalitis (JE for short). JE is an acute infectious disease caused by the bites of Japanese encephalitis viruses through mosquito bites, and is also a zoonotic disease, which is also known as "Japanese encephalitis" because it was first discovered in Japan and isolated by Japanese scholars.
JE virus mainly invades the central nervous system of humans, and the case fatality rate and sequelae are high.
△ Source丨Healthy Guangdong
JE is not uncommon and is a category B infectious disease. According to the statistics of the "2022 Statistical Communiqué on the Development of Health Undertakings in the Mainland" released by the National Health Commission, the number of cases of JE in the mainland from 2021 to 2022 was 353 and the number of deaths was 9.
On the mainland, JE is prevalent from May to October, with the peak of the incidence usually occurring from July to September. The population is generally susceptible, especially children under the age of 10.
Can JE be transmitted from person to person?
Infection
JE is a zoonotic natural infectious disease, and many animals such as domestic animals (such as pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, etc.) and poultry (such as chickens, ducks, geese, etc.) can be infected with JE virus, and pigs are the main source of infection.
As a result, the pigsty and its vicinity may be a "high-risk area" for JE.
Communication media
There are many mosquitoes that can transmit JE, and it has been confirmed that there are mainly some species of Culex mosquitoes, Aedes mosquitoes, and Anopheles mosquitoes, among which Culex tribal mosquitoes are the main vectors.
Mode of transmission
The main route of transmission is pig → mosquito → human: mosquitoes bite pigs with a certain level of JE virus titer in their bodies, and then bite people, and humans may be infected.
△Source丨Guangdong Disease Control
Is person-to-person contact contagious?
Because of the low level of virus in the blood of JE patients, the short retention time, and the fact that the patient's secretions and excreta do not contain the virus, JE is generally not transmitted from person to person, and there is no need for special isolation for JE patients.
Symptoms: Cold
There is no specific cure
The onset of JE is insidious, the onset is acute, and the disease progresses rapidly. The main symptoms in the early stage of the disease are fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, etc., which can easily be mistaken for a cold.
△ Source丨Henan Disease Control
If not treated in a timely manner, severe symptoms such as impaired consciousness, convulsions or convulsions may occur in the next 2-3 days, and some cases may leave neurological sequelae, such as aphasia, limb paralysis, consciousness disorders, mental disorders and dementia, etc., and in severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure and death.
There are no specific antiviral drugs for JE. Prevention is the key to tackling the Japanese encephalitis epidemic.
Prevention of JE is important for these two things
Get the Japanese encephalitis vaccine
JE vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent JE.
- Live attenuated JE vaccine (2 doses): 1 dose at 8 months of age and 1 dose at 2 years of age.
- JE inactivated vaccine (4 doses) vaccination: 2 doses at the age of 8 months, with an interval of 7~10 days between the first and second doses, and 1 dose each at the age of 2 and 6 years old.
Moms and dads need to pay attention to:
- Check your child's vaccination record to see if he's been vaccinated against Japanese encephalitis.
- If you have not been vaccinated after reaching the age of vaccination, make an appointment for vaccination as soon as possible.
Mosquito prevention and mosquito control
- Space: Wear light-coloured, long-sleeved clothes and long pants to cover your body as much as possible to prevent mosquito bites.
- Repellent: Apply insect repellent to exposed skin and clothing.
- Avoidance: Avoid staying in shade of trees, grass, gazebos and other outdoor shady places during the frequent mosquito infestation hours (7~9 a.m. and 4~6 p.m.).
- Installation: Install screen doors and windows and use mosquito nets at home.
- Clearing: Drain the stagnant water that may breed mosquitoes, and pay attention to regularly "turning over pots and cans" to clear stagnant water in the rainy flood season.
- Extermination: Use mosquito coils, electric mosquito swatters, insecticide sprays, etc. to repel mosquitoes and eliminate mosquitoes in a timely manner.
National Emergency Broadcast Tips
We are now in the JE season
Please do a good job of vaccinations and mosquito prevention
Seek medical attention early if symptoms develop
Source: CCTV news client, national emergency broadcasting