In the vast farmland and garden weeding, there is a weed called horsetail that often causes headaches.
This seemingly ordinary, people are not unfamiliar with plant weeds in people's minds, but in fact, there are many unique biological characteristics, making it unique among many plants, but also for the prevention and control work has brought great challenges, that is, a proper malignant weed that is extremely difficult to control, which is very harmful to agricultural production.
Picture 01~02): Ask the weed
Therefore, it is of great significance to clarify the biological characteristics of V. arendridis and its occurrence in the field for accurate selection of herbicides and timely chemical comprehensive control of V. arvensaceta.
In this issue of pictures and texts, Qingjiang Crane will focus on and chat with all of you and teachers about the chemical prevention and control measures of the horsetail weed "Wenjing" in farmland weeds, aiming to deeply discuss the biological characteristics of Wenjing weeds with you and teachers, analyze the many reasons why it is difficult to control, discuss the selection of herbicides for efficient prevention and control of Wenjing, and help the villagers to relieve the confusion of "Wenjing" weeds that are difficult to prevent, I hope to help you, and actively forward the circle of friends to share the pictures and texts of this issue and participate in interactive discussions.
Picture 03~04): Ask the weed community of Vitex
Biological characteristics and field identification of Weeds intervenis:
Horsetail weed, belonging to the phylum Ferns, is a perennial weed of the Equisetaceae family. In rural areas, it is also known as "pen grass" or "eldergrass". In some places, it is also called "knotweed", but Qingjiang Crane thinks this is inaccurate.
Because "horsetail" ≠ "knotweed", the two are two different kinds of weeds, but they are both perennial weeds belonging to the equisetaceae family, and their appearance is very similar in plant type characteristics, and there are many "common" characteristics in biological characteristics.
Picture 05~06): Spring and summer branches of the weeds
The vitality of the horsetail weed is particularly vigorous, the adaptability is very strong, the requirements for the soil are not strict, it can grow in various soil and climatic conditions, and the ductility and sustainable development ability are very strong.
The root system of horsetail is particularly well developed and can penetrate deep into the soil (1~2m) to absorb nutrients and water, which allows it to thrive even on poor soil.
There are various modes of reproduction, both sexually and asexually through the breakage of rhizomes, but mainly underground rhizomes and bulbs, which further increase its ability to spread and reproduce.
Picture 07~08): Ask the stems and leaves of the weed
The leaves are degraded and elongated, and the lower part is united into a sheath, and the surface is covered with a layer of wax, which not only makes it difficult for water to evaporate, but also effectively resists the invasion of pests and diseases. At the same time, the stem of the horsetail is tough and not easy to be broken by external forces, which provides a strong guarantee for its survival in the harsh environment.
The spring branches of the two high mountains are the early to mid-May seedling emergence time, the summer branch emergence time is mid to late May, the spore formation and dispersion period is June, the "peak period" of vegetative growth of aboveground plants and the expansion of underground bulbs are in July, and the growth slowdown period is after September. Mastering the growth and development of horsetail is very beneficial for the precise implementation of chemical control and weeding.
Picture 09~10): Spore spike of Vitex arvensis
Q: Analysis of the reasons why it is difficult to control vitex weeds:
The reason why it is difficult to control is mainly due to its unique biological characteristics and strong ecological adaptability.
The well-developed root system and diverse reproduction methods allow horsetail to spread rapidly and occupy large areas of land. The waxy leaves and tough stems (high in silicon) also make traditional physical and chemical control methods ineffective.
Because of the "siliceous layer", conventional chemical herbicides are not easy to attach and penetrate into weed plants to play the role of chemical herbicides. There are also "multi-vascular bundles" in the weed so that it can absorb water and nutrients with the help of deep roots, even if it grows and develops under very arid and dry conditions, it still shows strong vitality and drought resistance, so the "stubborn" weed has its "unique" side.
Picture 11~12): Unearthed spring branches of weeds
Traditional physical prevention methods, such as manual removal and cutting, are not only labor-intensive, but also have limited or poor effects.
Because the root system of horsetail is developed (it can go deep into the ground 1~2m, which is more than the conventional tillage layer), it is easy to grow again after uprooting (rhizome propagation and bulb propagation are very fast, and it is also its main propagation method. As long as the rhizome is not damaged and the bulb remains in the loam, it can quickly germinate and re-form a weed community and cause harm).
In addition, the stem of the horsetail grass is tough, and it can quickly resume growth after cutting.
Although chemical control methods can control the growth of horsetail to a certain extent, the weeding effect is related to the time of use. The application of pesticides in the vegetative growth and development period of the above-ground plants of the grass can only inhibit the growth of part of the above-ground plants (such as applying the pesticide before May), and the application of drugs during the growth and development period of the underground stem and bulb can completely eradicate the weeds of the horsetail weed, such as the drug in September. However, taking into account the crops in the field, people often use drugs in the early stage and ignore the later drugs, so when the grass will be temporarily inhibited and cannot be eradicated, it will continue to "rejuvenate" and make a comeback.
Picture 13~14): Ask the summer branches of the vitex weed
In addition, the long-term use of chemical herbicides can lead to soil pollution and ecological damage, and also lead to the enhancement of weed resistance, which makes it more difficult to control.
Herbicide selection for efficient control of horsetail weed:
In view of the problem of "unkillable" vitex weeds, we need to choose herbicides with high efficiency, high activity, high conductivity and environmental protection for prevention and control.
At present, there are some special herbicides for horsetail weeds on the market, which have the characteristics of strong targeting, remarkable effect and environmental friendliness.
For example, two or four drops of butyl ester in phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides, dimethiachloride sodium salt water, "dicamba" in benzoic acid herbicides, and herbicides in glyphosate series varieties.
Picture 15~16): Transition period of summer branches of weeds
Of course, there are also "nitrile herbicides", "dinitroaniline herbicides", "imitone herbicides" and so on. But some herbicides are selective herbicides, and some herbicides are soil-closed herbicides. Judging from the current use situation, the prevention and control of horsetail weeds is "pressing the gourd and scooping", which cannot fundamentally solve the problem.
Based on this, we need to pay attention to the following points when choosing herbicides:
First of all, it is necessary to choose a special herbicide with "high activity" and "high conductivity" to the horsetail weeds to ensure the control effect.
Secondly, it is necessary to choose herbicides that are safe for the environment and crops to avoid pollution and damage to the soil and crops. For production, glyphosate and glyphosate compound preparation series products can be used, such as 41% glyphosate isopropylamine saline 200g/bucket of water, and 2,4D butyl ester or 2-methyl4 chloride sodium salt wettable powder 40g~50g/bucket of water, and 10ml/bucket of organic silicon water.
Picture 17~18): Horsetail weeds in the mountains
Finally, care should be taken to rotate the use of different types of herbicides to avoid serious resistance to the weed.
At the same time, we can also combine physical and chemical prevention methods to take comprehensive prevention and control measures.
For example, in the early stage of weed growth, the loam soil was "deeply cultivated" in spring, and the artificial uprooting or cutting of the weeds was carried out to reduce its population. During the growing season, "mulching" is used to shade the sun, so that it cannot photosynthesize and "starve", and alkaline fertilizers are used instead of acidic fertilizers. In the "key link", special herbicides are selected for comprehensive chemical prevention and control to achieve better control effects.
Picture 19~20): Spore spikes on Vitex grass
Written at the end of the comprehensive chemical prevention and control of weeds:
Although the control of vitex weeds has a certain degree of difficulty, and many chemical herbicides are ineffective against it, as long as we have an in-depth understanding of its biological characteristics, choose appropriate control methods, and combine comprehensive measures of physical and chemical control, we will be able to effectively control its growth and spread, ensure the safety of the ecological environment of farmland and gardens, improve the yield and quality of crops, and ensure the planting benefits of crops.
Picture 21~22): Horsetail weeds in the mountains