May is the season when mushrooms begin to grow in abundance, and wild mushrooms can be seen in wild areas such as woods and meadows. On May 17, the reporter learned from the National Chemical Poisoning Treatment (Hubei) Base and Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Hubei Xinhua Hospital) that poisonous mushrooms are currently in a stage of rapid growth, of which 16 poisonous mushrooms need to be vigilant. Experts from the hospital reminded the general public not to pick wild mushrooms, do not buy wild mushrooms from roadside vendors, especially wild mushrooms that have not been eaten or do not know, and do not trust others and buy them for consumption easily.
Big green pleated umbrella
This poisonous mushroom is most common in Hubei
Zhang Geng, the chief technician of the physical and chemical laboratory of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, introduced that the big green pleated umbrella is one of the most common poisonous mushroom species in Hubei, and it is named after its umbrella pleats that are white when they are young and light green, light blue-gray or blue-brown when they grow up. The umbrella grows all year round and can be found in parks, lawns, green belts, vegetable patches and even garbage dumps. This mushroom contains toxins that can irritate the gastrointestinal tract, and generally begins to develop 10 minutes to 2 hours after ingestion, which can cause severe gastroenteritis-type poisoning reactions, such as severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. In addition, patients may also have symptoms such as anxiety, sweating, chills, and rapid heartbeat, and in severe cases, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and even shock.
Xiao Min, director of the emergency medicine department of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, said that some highly toxic species that have false healing and are easy to lead to death, such as Amanita gray pattern, Amanita huanggai, Amanita spp., Amanita vulgaris, and Amanita spp., will also appear in the near future. These mushrooms are similar in appearance to edible mushrooms and cannot be identified or distinguished simply by their appearance.
Xiao Min reminded that if you feel unwell after eating poisonous mushrooms by mistake, you should seek medical attention in time and induce vomiting, and pay attention to preserving the remaining mushrooms. Providing a sample of the poisonous mushroom and a photo of the mushroom (taking a photo of the fresh mushroom before making) when seeking medical attention can help the doctor identify the type of mushroom in time, judge the toxicity of the mushroom, and formulate an appropriate treatment plan to reduce the risk of death.
These 16 poisonous mushrooms need to be vigilant in May
No.1 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Amanita with gray pattern
Hazard areas: Guangdong, Guangxi
Type of damage: Acute liver damage type (highly toxic)
Key points of identification: Wear a hat on the head (fungus cap), tie a skirt around the waist (fungus ring), and wear boots on the feet (fungus tray).
Spatial and temporal distribution: It is currently found in southern, eastern, central and southwestern China, including Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Hunan, Yunnan and Guizhou. At present, this species appeared in May in Guangdong and Guangxi, June in Zhejiang, September in Hunan and Guizhou, and June to August in Yunnan.
Growing environment: Usually found on the ground in the shellaceae forest or on the mixed forest of the shellaceae and pine family.
Amanita with gray pattern
No.2 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Amanita fatal (commonly known as: white poison umbrella)
Hazard areas: Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi
Type of damage: Acute liver damage type (highly toxic)
Key points of identification: Wear a hat on the head (fungus cap), tie a skirt around the waist (fungus ring), and wear boots on the feet (fungus tray).
Spatiotemporal distribution: This species is the earliest highly poisonous mushroom that appears in mainland China every year, and is currently found in southern, southeastern and southwestern parts of mainland China, including Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. In Guangdong, Guangxi, and southern Fujian, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan appeared in May-August, after the "return to Nantian" appeared from February to May.
Growth environment: often born on the broad-leaved woodland such as the shell bucket family, and often on the ground of the Li capsule tree in Guangdong.
Deadly Amanita
No.3 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Amanita with gray pattern
Hazard area: Hunan
Type of damage: Acute liver damage type (highly toxic)
Key points of identification: Wear a hat on the head (fungus cap), tie a skirt around the waist (fungus ring), and wear boots on the feet (fungus tray).
Spatial and temporal distribution: This species is one of the most deadly poisonous mushrooms on the continent. At present, it is found in Central, Eastern, Southern and Southwest China, including Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou. Among them, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Guizhou and other provinces are the most serious areas of this species, which grows intensively from May to July, and occasionally can last until early October.
Growing environment: Usually found on the ground in the shellaceae forest or on the mixed forest of the shellaceae and pine family.
Amanita with gray pattern
No.4 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Amanita with ash pattern
Hazard area: Chongqing
Type of damage: Acute liver damage type (highly toxic)
Key points of identification: Wear a hat on the head (fungus cap), tie a skirt around the waist (fungus ring), and wear boots on the feet (fungus tray).
Spatial and temporal distribution: This species is currently found in southern, central and southwestern China, including Guangdong, Hunan and Chongqing. At present, it appeared in May-June and September in Chongqing, August-September in Hunan, and September in Guangdong.
Growing environment: Usually found on the ground in the shellaceae forest or on the mixed forest of the shellaceae and pine family.
Amanita with ash pattern
No.5 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Fleshy brown scaly ring-stemmed mushroom
Hazard area: Hubei
Type of damage: Acute liver damage type (highly toxic)
Identification points: small man, long grass (scales) on the head, long hairy legs (scales), commonly found under pine and fir trees.
Spatial and temporal distribution: This species is one of the most deadly poisonous mushrooms on the continent. It is widely distributed in northeastern, northern and northwest China (Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, etc.), and is also found in central, eastern and southwestern China (Hubei, Hunan, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc.). It appears in Central and East China from late April to July, and is concentrated in June. It appeared in the northeast, north and northwest of the mainland from early July to September, with the highest concentration from August to September. The southwest region occurs in June-July and September-October.
Growing environment: It often grows on the ground of coniferous forests, and occasionally grows under broad-leaved trees such as poplars and jujube trees.
Fleshy brown scaly ring-stemmed mushroom
No.6 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Red mushroom (commonly known as: charcoal mushroom)
Hazard area: Yunnan
Type of lesion: rhabdomyolysis (highly toxic)
Key points of identification: gray cap (cap), gray pants (stipe), first red (within a few minutes), then slowly black (after a few hours), carnivorous (rhabdomyolysis).
Spatiotemporal distribution: This species is the most important poisonous mushroom causing rhabdomyolysis poisoning in the mainland. It is widely distributed in the southwest, central, eastern, southern and southern parts of the mainland, and usually appears from early May to early October.
Growing environment: Usually grows on broad-leaved trees, coniferous trees or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests.
Red mushrooms
No.7 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Amanita Euclidean
Hazard area: Guangdong
Type of damage: acute renal failure type (highly toxic),
Key points of identification: Similar to the highly toxic hepato-damaging Amanita phalloides, with a cap on the head, a skirt around the waist (fungus ring), and boots on the feet (fungus tray).
Spatiotemporal distribution: This species is the most common species in acute renal failure mushroom poisoning. It is widely distributed in southwest China, central China, east China, south China, north China and northeast China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Taiwan, Hainan, Guangdong, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Liaoning and other provinces). It is born from May to October, concentrated in June to August, and appears as early as mid-March in South China.
Growing environment: Born on the forest of the family of Crustaceae or on the mixed forest of the family of Crustaceae and Pinaceae.
Amanita Euclidean
No.8 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Amanita pseudobrown cloud
Hazard areas: Guangxi, Jiangxi
Type of damage: Acute renal failure type (highly toxic)
Key points of identification: Similar to the highly toxic hepato-damaging Amanita phalloides, with a cap on the head, a skirt around the waist (fungus ring), and boots on the feet (fungus tray).
This species is widely distributed in southwestern China, central China, east China, south China, and north China (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Jiangsu, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, and Beijing). Appears in May-October.
Growing environment: It is often found on the forest of the family of Crustaceae or on the mixed forest of the family of Crustaceae and Pinaceae.
Amanita pseudobrown cloud
No.9 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Big green pleated umbrella (green pleated umbrella, lead green pleated mushroom)
Hazard areas: Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian
Type of damage: Gastroenteritis type (toxic)
Key points of identification: Medium to large size of the large green fold umbrella, the cap is covered with brown scales, the folds are lead green when mature, and the upper part of the stipe has a ring-like ring.
Spatial and temporal distribution: The most common poisonous mushroom in continental poisoning events. The big green pleated umbrella is distributed in many provinces in South China, East China, Central China, Southwest China, and South China. It is distributed throughout the year, from March to December (stinging to heavy snow), and concentrated in June to October (from miscanthus to cold dew).
Growing Environment: Grows on lawns, vegetable patches, roadside meadows, wastelands, sawdust heaps, and even garbage heaps, and is the closest poisonous mushroom to the crowd.
Big green pleated umbrella
No.10 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Japanese red mushroom complex
Hazard areas: Hunan, Guangxi, Yunnan
Type of damage: Gastroenteritis type (toxic)
Key points of identification: white mushrooms, small short legs, concave under the lid, dense rows of pleats.
Spatiotemporal distribution: The complex group of Rhodosum japonica was distributed in central, southwestern, eastern and southern China of mainland China, mainly from May to November.
Growing environment: suitable for broad-leaved trees, conifers or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved woodlands.
Japanese red mushroom complex
No.11 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Japan 类脐菇 (poisonous ear, moonlit fungus)
Hazard areas: Guizhou, Hunan
Type of damage: Gastroenteritis type (toxic)
Key points of identification: It resembles a lateral ear, the cap is orange-yellow or cinnamon-colored in the northeast, blue-purple in the south, and fluoresces at night in the folds.
Spatial and temporal distribution: in the south, it mainly occurs in spring, autumn and winter, and in the northeast, it mainly occurs in summer and autumn. in Guangxi, Guizhou, and Hunan from the end of March to the beginning of May; It appears in Jilin from late June to October, and in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Fujian from September to December.
Growing environment: Usually born on dead trees such as beech or fallen trees.
Japanese navel mushrooms
No.12 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Cuban psilocybin
Hazard areas: Hunan, Hubei
Type of damage: Neuropsychiatric (hallucinogenic)
Key points of identification: Psilocybin Cuba is medium in size, the center of the cap is nearly white, yellow-brown to reddish-brown, the folds are dark gray to dark purple-brown, the upper part of the stipe has a ring, and each part turns blue after injury.
Spatial and temporal distribution: This species is one of the most famous hallucinogenic mushrooms in the world. Psilocybin mushroom Cuba is distributed in Hunan, Guizhou, Tibet, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong and other regions in central China, southwest China and southern China. The main harvest is from February to June and October to November, with occasional August in some areas.
Growing environment: often born on cow dung, occasionally on humus such as bagasse or on high humus.
Cuban psilocybin
Poisonous mushroom hazard list No.13
Oocyst psilocybin
Hazard area: Hubei
Type of damage: Neuropsychiatric (hallucinogenic)
Key points of identification: small size, yellow-brown cap, sometimes blue margins when young; The stipe is elongated, with a membranous ring in the middle and upper part; All parts turn blue after injury.
Spatial and temporal distribution: Psilocybin oocystis is a new species described in the United States in 2007 and first discovered in 2021 during the poisoning incident in Guizhou. At present, it is only found in Guizhou, Hubei and other provinces in central and southwest China. The main mushroom production time is from February to May.
Growing environment: Usually born on the ground with high humus.
Oocyst psilocybin
No.14 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Tropical purple brown naked umbrella (commonly known as: chameleon naked umbrella)
Hazard areas: Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan
Type of damage: Neuropsychiatric (hallucinogenic)
Key points of identification: purple cap (cap), purple pants (stipe); Fickle, born on trees.
Spatiotemporal distribution: This species was distributed in South China, Central China and Southwest China (Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Hunan), with the earliest appearance in March in Guangdong and May to September in Central China and Southwest China.
Growing environment: This species is a typical wood decaying fungus, born on rotting wood, dead bamboo, broken wood or sawdust piles.
Tropical purple brown naked umbrella
Poisonous mushroom hazard list No.15
Contains the isoxazole derivative toxin Amanita jitellis
It mainly includes:
Amanita microviphylla
Small Leopard Plaster
Amanita phalloides
Amanita remnants have a ring variant
Hazard areas: Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi
Type of Damage: Neuropsychiatric (Toxic)
Key points of identification: The cap is covered with scales, the stipe has a ring, and the base is enlarged.
Contains the isoxazole derivative toxin Amanita jitellis
No.16 on the list of poisonous mushroom hazards
Poisonous flies cover umbrellas
Hazard area: Guangxi
Type of Damage: Neuropsychiatric (Toxic)
Identification points: small, yellowish-brown, longitudinal stripes on the cover.
Spatiotemporal distribution: It is distributed in South China and Southeast China (Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian). The main mushroom production time is from May to August, and it can appear as early as March.
Growing environment: Usually born on broad-leaved woodlands dominated by the family Shellaceae.
Other poisonings that need attention: various boletus, Silky Umbrella family, Umbrella genus, etc.
Poisonous flies cover umbrellas
(Source: Jimu News)