Lead
The Middle East, which is "floating on oil", has always been known for its rich oil resources and turbulent history, the Middle East has about 60% of the world's oil reserves, and oil, as its national treasure, has promoted the development of the world's industry, but also triggered many oil crises.
In fact, the oil in the Middle East comes from its special geological history, so how much oil is there in the Middle East?
How is oil formed?
1. How much oil is there in the Middle East.
The Middle East has about 60% of the world's oil reserves, and major oil producers such as Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates produce hundreds of millions of tons of oil every year, and these oil producers account for almost more than 90% of the oil production in the Middle East.
The Middle East has the world's largest oil reserves, the United States ranks second, with about 13% of the world's oil reserves, oil is the most important economic pillar in the Middle East, oil resources not only contribute to the country's prosperity and strength, but also have an important impact on the world's energy security.
Since the 20th century, oil resources have had an important impact on the world, the United States, Britain and other Western powers have almost taken oil as the main goal, and have been devouring and oppressing the Middle East, the oil resources in the Middle East are called "gold" because oil resources can promote the development of the world's industry, oil is the only mineral resource with high economic value in the world, and it is also an indispensable part of industrial production.
The exploitation of oil resources has provided convenience for human life, promoted the development of human society, and also changed the world's energy pattern, but because the Middle East has most of the oil reserves, this makes the Middle East one of the most important geopolitical regions in the world, and at the same time, the countries in the Middle East often fight over the interests of oil resources, which is also an important reason for the continuous wars in the Middle East.
2. How oil is formed.
The history of the formation of oil resources can be traced back to the ancient orogeny of the earth, and oil is found in many parts of the earth, but why are the oil reserves in the Middle East so high?
This starts with the formation of oil, which is formed by the complex reactions of organisms on Earth over a period of tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of years, or even hundreds of millions of years.
In the distant years of the earth, the climate on the earth was still very humid, and the large swamps and wetlands were very suitable for the growth and development of marine life.
In this swamp and wetland environment, there are a large number of algae and other marine organisms, after the death of these organisms, gradually deposited on the seabed, toads, crabs, fish and shells and other marine organisms bones, until a certain depth after depositing, part of the silt is squeezed, water is excluded, and then a kind of peat is formed, this peat after tens of thousands of years, gradually remove sulfur, hydrocarbons in the oil slowly form, thus forming oil resources.
The formation process of oil is very long, and the formation of oil resources is also relatively scarce, the formation of oil comes from paleoorganisms, the formation of paleoorganisms needs to be produced under a special environment, and the formation of petroleum resources also needs a special geological period to be formed.
At the same time, the formation of paleontology is also very rare, in the tens of billions of years of the earth, the environment that can form paleontology is very scarce, so the formation of paleontology is also very rare, which is also the reason for the relative scarcity of oil resources.
At the same time as the formation of the earth, it also encountered several large-scale glacial periods, and the cold glacial climate has greatly hindered the growth of paleoorganisms, and also led to the formation of almost no paleontoplasms in many places on the earth, so the distribution of oil resources on the earth is uneven.
In the paleogeological period, the distribution of oil resources is more unbalanced, while in the Middle East, the distribution of oil resources is very stable and enriched, this is because in the paleogeological period, the Middle East was once a continent, and there was no formation of paleontology on a large area of land, but around the continent, there is a vast ocean, and the paleontology in the ocean grows and reproduces very vigorously, which means that the sedimentation of paleontology is also very dense.
Under the action of crustal movement, the former continents gradually moved to the western hemisphere of the earth in billions of years, which led to the fact that the former continents were submerged to a large number of seafloors, because there was no formation of paleontology on the continent, but the paleontology that sank to the seabed formed oil resources in hundreds of millions of years, so the characteristics of the Middle East are very rich in oil resources.
3. Utilization and challenges of petroleum resources.
Although the oil resources in the Middle East are abundant, the exploitation efficiency of oil is extremely high, which is mainly because the oil quality in the Middle East is not high, and the oil has different types of classification, divided into crude oil, fuel oil, and kerosene, and the quality level of these three petroleums decreases in turn, the hydrocarbon content of crude oil is the highest, and the oil quality is the highest, and it is also the highest price, the hydrocarbon content of fuel oil is the lowest, so the price is the lowest, and the hydrocarbon content of kerosene is less than half of crude oil. The price is also less than half that of crude oil.
The oil resources in the Middle East are almost all in the category of kerosene, which is also very convenient for the exploitation of oil resources in the Middle East, and the oil resources reserves are very rich, so the exploitation efficiency is very high, the oil resources in the Middle East are one of the important driving forces of global economic development since the 20th century, and also promote the development of industry and agriculture in the world, but the exploitation of oil resources has also led to many countries in the Middle East becoming very poor, and has also led to the resource-based economy of many countries. As a result, once there is an oil resource crisis in these countries, the country's economy will fall into depression.
And the exploitation of oil resources, but also caused irreversible pollution to the environment of the Middle East, the exploitation of oil fields, the need for a large amount of water resources, but also produce a large number of wastewater, most of these wastewater has not been treated, directly discharged into the surrounding groundwater, resulting in the Middle East groundwater resources, has been seriously shortage, at the same time oil exploitation brought by a large number of slag, stone chips, stone powder and other garbage, are directly discarded into the desert, resulting in the desert environment in the Middle East, is also facing serious pollution.
There have been many oil crises in the history of the Middle East, there is a close connection between war and oil resources, many countries in the Middle East, most of them are oil powers, and most of the regimes of these countries are in the hands of a few people, oil resources as an important economic pillar of the country, once in the hands of a few people, it will lead to the polarization of the rich and the poor in the country, as the main source of income for the people, once the oil resources crisis occurs, it will lead to social turmoil in the country, this is many Middle East countries, The cause of turmoil and wars that occur from time to time.
Therefore, Middle Eastern countries are also aware of the limited oil resources, and have begun to devote themselves to the development of new energy, using the funds accumulated by oil to invest in the fields of education, science and technology and medical care, and at the same time, a large amount of investment has been made in the development of new energy to reduce the dependence on oil resources and realize the sustainable development of oil resources, and also remind other countries around the world that energy substitution is the key to sustainable development in the future.
epilogue
After the oil boom in the Middle East, how to achieve economic transformation and sustainable development is an important challenge and opportunity, the limited oil resources in the Middle East also prompt people to pay more attention to environmental protection and the development of renewable energy to meet the future energy demand.
The development of oil resources in the Middle East is inseparable from global economic development, and how to balance the development of oil resources with environmental protection and economic development is a global challenge.