How many years have you been living in the house now?
When many residents in the community are still looking forward to installing elevators and replacing pipes, another new model of "exchanging the old for the new" of old houses has begun to pilot in many cities: completely demolishing the original old houses and rebuilding a new building according to the original number of households, pattern and area, which is called "original demolition and original construction".
A while ago, residents of Zhegong New Village in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province raised 470 million yuan from their own pockets to demolish and rebuild the entire community, which attracted widespread attention, and there were many envious people for a while.
The residents of Building 2 of Cluster Street, Huadu District, Guangzhou, "paid 7.58 million yuan out of their own pocket" to demolish the 50-year-old building and rebuild it on the original site.
Shanghai Pengpu New Village, Building 05, No. 4, Huju North Road, Nanjing, Building 114, Jinsong Community, Beijing...... These old buildings are already on the road to "rebirth" or "rebirth".
Before the renovation, Building 2, No. 68 Majiabao Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, was originally a staff dormitory, with only a dozen square meters per household, and residents on each floor shared a bathroom and kitchen Source: Beijing Daily
The "Nirvana" of the Old House
Combing through these "original demolition and original construction" houses, we can get a lot of common characteristics: old, public housing, residents generally agree and have a strong will, clear funding, unable to carry out the renovation of the old community or the effect is not good after the transformation.
Building 2, Courtyard 68, Majiabao Road, which is currently being rebuilt, photo by Yu Tianhao
Most of these "terminally ill" old houses, most of which have broken walls, cracked pipes, and are in disrepair, not only have a very poor living experience, but also seriously threaten the personal safety of residents.
If these conditions are met, the old building can get the "rebirth" script and rejuvenate itself.
The community of Jinsong District 1 was founded in the 70s of the last century, photographed by Yu Tianhao
The reason why Building 114 in Jinsong District 1 was selected among the public housing in the community is that when it was built, this building was different.
"This building is a laboratory building." Residents of the community told reporters, "The exterior wall panels are very thin, only less than 20 centimeters thick. Such a house is cold in winter and hot in summer, because of the problem of construction materials, the earthquake reinforcement of the community was not done for Building 114 before. The leaking pipes have not been repaired. ”
Therefore, after Beijing issued Document No. 178 "Opinions on Carrying out Pilot Work on the Renovation of Dilapidated Buildings", the complete renovation of Building 114 was put on the agenda.
Building 114, Jinsong District 1, which has been "demolished and built", was photographed by Yu Tianhao
Building 2, No. 68 Majiabao Road, Fengtai District, which is in the process of "rebirth", was once a dormitory assigned by the original property rights unit.
What will these renovated buildings look like?
Building 114, Jinsong District 1, which has been "demolished and built", was photographed by Yu Tianhao
In a word, it is more suitable for the current standard of living. New windows, elevators, and even expanded underground garages and activity rooms, and some buildings have undergone age-appropriate renovation measures.
Other residential buildings in Jinsong District 1 that have been renovated by the old community are photographed by Yu Tianhao
"Original demolition and original construction" is so good, why can't it be fully promoted
"It would be nice if the old house I lived in could be renovated and rebuilt," the reporter interviewed during the interview, and many residents living in the "old and dilapidated" revealed their hearts.
But the house is not said to be demolished, it is said to be built.
There are many problems, which have stuck many owners of old buildings who want to embark on the road of "rebirth".
In most of the cities where the pilot project is "demolished and built", 100% of residents agree that it is a red line.
Residents of buildings 4 to 7 in Hangzhou's Cuiyuan North 2nd District have launched a poll on the original demolition and construction. However, to date, the consent rate has not reached 100%, and according to local media reports, 197 out of 210 households currently agree, a 94% approval rate.
When the reporter interviewed in Beijing's community, he also heard various concerns from residents:
"I'm 80 years old, you said this house was demolished and rebuilt, can I wait until that day?"
"I just finished the renovation and still have a loan, but now that it has been demolished, the renovation money is equivalent to a waste."
"There are traces of deceased relatives in this house, and I don't want to tear it down."
"This is one of the major difficulties of 'demolishing and building'." Xiao Chaowei, a researcher at the National Institute of Development and Strategy at the Chinese University of China, said, "99% of households agree to demolition, but only one family does not, so should the right of that one family to decide on private property be protected, or should the minority obey the majority?" How can a uniform ratio be stipulated?"
Building 8, Huapichang Hutong in Xicheng District, another "original demolition and original construction" in Beijing, compared with other buildings, this building does not have many residents, only 1 ladder, 4 households and 5 floors, a total of 20 households. The more residents there are, the harder it is to reach an agreement. Photo by Yu Tianhao
Another big question is who will pay for the reconstruction and how much?
The reporter sorted out the building projects that have completed the "original demolition and original construction" and found that most of them need residents to "pay out of their own pockets".
In Hangzhou Zhegong New Village, residents need to contribute about 100,000 yuan to choose a house of the same area, and if they want to replace a larger house, they need to contribute at the level of one million.
Residents of Building 114 in Beijing's Jinsong Community have a per capita contribution ratio of 10%, or about 60,000-70,000 yuan per household. The renovation of Building 8 of Huapichang Hutong was 37% funded by residents. But across the country, not all residents are willing to go out and can afford it.
Building 8 of the renovated Birch Bark Factory Hutong Photo by Yu Tianhao
Not all residents are willing to wait. The construction period of the house is generally measured in years, and the family needs to move away during this time, and the time cost and economic cost need to be calculated.
In reality, there are also some different situations such as the original property rights unit of the house that has been bankrupt for many years or the property rights unit has been replaced. These are all obstacles that hinder the "rebirth" of old communities.
"Original demolition and original construction", how to go more smoothly
From the beginning of the consultation to the residents' bags moving into the brand-new house, there are actually blockages in every step of the way.
There is no particularly uniform standard or basis for whether the consent rate should be set at 100% or lower. Different residents have different concerns, and how to deal with them and get them to agree is an extremely difficult and meticulous topic.
This not only requires more detailed work by the staff of the property, owners' committee or other relevant institutions, but also needs to do more and more in place to publicize and popularize the entire process, and make a lot of efforts in the ideological work of residents
Funding is also a key link, "'original demolition and original construction' requires huge capital investment, including demolition fees, construction costs, resident resettlement and so on. Xiao Chaowei said, "If all the government bears the burden, it will involve the fairness of subsidizing the owners with taxpayers' money, and the economic conditions of the residents of the old communities are uneven, and it is often difficult to bear the excessive cost of renovation." Relying solely on the large amount of financial investment cannot be implemented for a long time under the current circumstances. ”
The introduction of social capital has become a new attempt and has been practiced in some cities.
Building 114 (left) in Jinsong District 1 is the first project in Beijing to introduce social capital construction, and finally formed a "four-party sharing" investment model of the government, property rights units, residents and social capital. The social capital introduced will participate in the property management and convenience services of the follow-up community. Photo by Yu Tianhao
The length of time is also a major concern for residents, especially for some seniors, who are reluctant to spend years waiting in rented accommodation.
However, at present, this problem has been solved - the reporter found that in the renovation process of Building 8 of Huapichang Hutong in Xicheng District, the prefabricated construction plan shortened the construction period of the entire building to 3 months, greatly reducing the waiting time of residents.
Each room is assembled from the factory and then built like building blocks, which greatly shortens the construction period to about three months Photo by Yu Tianhao
"There are multiple stakeholders involved in self-renewal, and we also need effective management and monitoring mechanisms to ensure that the project is compliant and runs smoothly." Xiao Chaowei added.
According to the data released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the number of old communities in the country has reached 160,000, involving 42 million residents, with a construction area of 4 billion square meters, and the total investment in old communities that need comprehensive renovation exceeds 4 trillion yuan.
A large number of old communities that urgently need to keep up with the pace of the times are waiting to be transformed.
Urban renewal has been written into the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the "2035 Long-term Goals", and has become a national strategy. In 2023, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the Notice on Promoting Urban Renewal in a Solid and Orderly manner, further putting forward clear requirements for urban renewal.
At No. 68 Majiapu Road, the community is old. In the future, there will be a large number of such communities, waiting for the old to be renewed. Photo by Yu Tianhao
The exploration of "original demolition and original construction" can be said to be a new attempt in the trend of urban renewal, but it is not the only solution.
"Urban renewal, there are more possibilities in the future. For example, through the transformation of urban villages and the establishment of affordable rental housing reserves, enterprises are encouraged to revitalize some land for the development and construction of affordable rental housing, etc. Xiao Chaowei said. As one of the modes of urban renewal, 'original demolition and original construction' actually has limitations. In fact, we also have a variety of means such as organic renewal and comprehensive transformation to jointly promote the development of the city in a scientific, rational and sustainable direction. ”
Only by living in peace can we be happy. It is believed that after exploring and trying in various places, countless old houses in the context of urban renewal will usher in a new starting point for their destiny. (Source: CCTV)