Recently, on some video websites, videos about the junction of Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces have become a hot search, and tourists have taken photos in front of the stone monument located at the junction of the three provinces between Yanzhuang Village, Shuguan Town, Daming County, Hebei Province, Liulu Village, Fukan Town, Nanle County, Henan Province, and Bitun Village, Dongduzhuang Town, Shen County, Shandong Province.
Photos on the Internet about the junction of the three provinces
However, few people thought that if the Qing Dynasty more than 100 years ago was also the junction of Hebei (then called Zhili), Henan, and Shandong provinces, if everyone went to play like today, I am afraid it would not be so easy, because at that time it was the residence of the four and six officials, and there were also garrisons.
Of course, at that time, the junction of the three provinces was not in today's location, but in Matou Town, in the southeast corner of Dongming County, Heze City, Shandong Province.
It is rumored that here in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Guangji River passed through and set up a wharf, because of the name of the wharf set, later called the horse head set. However, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was called Du Shengying or Du Shengji, and it had an extremely important position at that time.
The map of Dongming County in the "Chronicles of Dongming County" of the Qing Dynasty Guangxu, the top middle is Du Shengji
Guangxu's "Dongming County Chronicles, Volume 2, Military Defense" cloud: "Du Shengji, control the Yellow River, connect three provinces, and cover the southern part of the country. ”
Xianfeng's "Daimyofu Chronicles, Volume 9, Zhenbao" said: "Du Shengji, in the south of Dongming County, is also called Du Shengzhai,...... It is the capital of the three provinces, and it is an important place in the south of Jinan, and it is infested with small nights, and the defense should be strict. ”
And Gu Yanwu, a beginner in the late Ming and Qing dynasties, also specifically mentioned Du Shengji in his "Book of Diseases of the Counties of the World": "In the Eastern Ming Dynasty, Du Shengji is sixty miles south of the county. ”
In general, there are two main reasons why Du Shengji is important: first, the geographical location is important, it is located between the three provinces, it is an important place in the south of Gyeonggi, and it is also an important place that needs to be strictly defended; Second, because the Yellow River has flooded and diverted its course many times, it is also a key place where special personnel need to be set up to strictly prevent and control river disasters. Of course, the former is more important than the above.
Du Shengji in the map of Zhili Province in the 31st year of Guangxu (1905) in the "Qing Dynasty Provincial Map".
Why is Du Shengji so important? This can be clearly seen on the map of the Ming and Qing dynasties: the Zhili Daimyo Mansion is like a big "foot" stretched out to the south by Zhili, stepping into the two provinces of Henan and Shandong, so that the area north of the Yellow River cannot be connected. The southernmost point of the Daimyo Mansion is Dongming County, and the southernmost point of Dongming County is this Du Shengji.
Some people may ask, why was the Zhili at that time not as straight from east to west as the southern provincial border of Hebei Province today, but vertical from north to south? Is there any deep meaning?
This reason is recorded in the "Territory" article of the Ming Dynasty's "Daimyo Mansion Chronicles":
The Daimyo County Heng is one hundred and forty miles away, three times as longitudinal, the north is the pavilion pottery, the south is deep between Lanyang and Yifeng, and the one who dominates the Jin, what is it? To be in the easy to make the ear.
The land of Heshuo, west of Taihang, north distance from the fox, east of Qilu, south of the river is dangerous, since ancient times the town is weighed, cover its shape is hidden outside the four realms, solid not between the territory also.
The country leads the daimyo to make three arbitrary decisions, and there are no guards, and the fertile soil is thousands of miles, and the auxiliary car is Dudian, which has far-reaching implications.
The "big foot" that stretches into the two provinces of Henan and Shandong in the map of the Qing Dynasty
In this account, three meanings are stated:
First, the realm of the Daimyo's Mansion was very long and narrow, with a length-to-width ratio of three times. The northernmost is Guantao County, Dongchang Prefecture, Shandong, and the southernmost is Lanyang and Yifeng in Kaifeng Prefecture, Henan Province (these two places are today Lankao County), this unique setting was designed to facilitate the control of the border area between Henan and Shandong in the area south of Gyeonggi.
Why? This has a second meaning: because the border area of Zhili, Henan, and Shandong was the land of Heshuo in ancient times, because there is Taihang in the west, Yanshan in the north, Qilu Mountains in the east, and the Yellow River in the south, such a mountain and river situation is easy for some forces to carry out military separation, which is not conducive to national unification. Therefore, it also set up a "prefecture" level administrative area under the control of the central government, although it belongs to the direct subordinate, but its location is between Henan and Shandong provinces, and to the south can also be close to "Nanjing (called Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty was divided into Anhui and Jiangsu provinces)", forming an echo, such a setting has a far-reaching impact on the rule of the country.
In 1895, "The Complete Map of Henan Province", Du Shengji is in the red circle
It is of such an important significance, in the Qing Dynasty, there are 7 towns of soldiers and horses in Zhili, the Daimyo is a separate town, and the general army of the Daimyo Town is under the control: the three battalions on the left and right in this standard, the Daimyo City Garrison Battalion, the Guangping Battalion, the Shunde Battalion, the Cizhou Battalion, the Kaizhou Battalion, the Dusheng Battalion, the Dongming Battalion, and the Changyuan Battalion. "Du Sheng Battalion" is the only battalion stationed outside the prefecture, prefecture and county towns among the battalions belonging to Daimyo Town.
Regarding the garrison of Du Shengying, according to Guangxu's "Dongming County Chronicles, Volume 2, Military Defense", it is recorded:
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there was one garrison, two generals, and 500 horse infantry. After the reduction, there were 248 horse infantry left. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng, the capital division was reorganized, and a thousand members were added, and there were 80 horse infantry. In the thirteenth year of Qianlong, ten flag soldiers were deducted, a total of 328 horse infantry, 69 Dongmingxun and 74 Changyuanxun were assigned.
Since there is a garrison here, it can play the effect of "suppressing one side and suppressing the three provinces", and the result is "a small lurking track".
In 1935, the "Historical Map of the Provinces of the Republic of China (Japanese Edition)" has become a collection of horses
Of course, in order to strengthen the effect of the Daimyo's government dividing the southern part of Heshuo into the three provinces of Zhili, Henan, and Shandong, not only did Du Shengji have heavy troops, but also Dongming Battalion and Changyuan Battalion under the jurisdiction of the "Du Division" in the surrounding counties such as Dongming and Changyuan, and even the governor of the Kaizhou Battalion was a "deputy general".
Du Shengji on satellite images around the 70s of the last century
According to the military official system of the Qing Dynasty, the chief officer of the town guard is the second rank, the deputy general is the second rank, the capital division is the fourth rank, and the garrison is the fifth rank. And the prefect at that time was only from the fourth grade, and the military attache level in this little Du Shengji was higher than that of the prefect. In addition, Du Shengji also has or has set up a general judgment and master book in charge of river affairs, as well as an inspection department, whose grades are six products, eight products, and nine products, which can be said to be a gathering of officials. Therefore, the border between the three provinces at that time was absolutely different from the situation today.
Do you understand the situation? Feel free to discuss at the bottom of the article.