Source: CNKI original draft
In the 50s of the 20th century, there was a rift in Sino-Soviet relations.
Vietnam, which was originally friendly with China, decided to develop closer diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, so it carried out a series of anti-Chinese actions, such as suppressing overseas Vietnamese at home and forcing them to return to China.
Vietnam has also begun to harass the Sino-Vietnamese border with frequency, provoking armed conflict and ignoring repeated warnings from China.
In February 1979, China, which could not bear it anymore, launched a self-defense counterattack against Vietnam.
The People's Liberation Army (PLA) defeated the Vietnamese army in less than a month, and on the way back to China, two unrepentant Vietnamese soldiers were killed on the spot when they attacked the PLA.
Friendship was abandoned, and war broke out
Vietnam, which is close to China, is a large country on the Indochina Peninsula.
Before 1975, Vietnam was the only country of color in human history to defeat two powerful capitalist countries in succession.
These two wars were the War of Resistance against France and the War of Resistance against the United States, which Vietnam fought in the name of national independence and reunification.
Vietnam, carried away by the victories in these two wars, felt that it was the best representative of the yellow nation, and selectively "forgotten" China's assistance to it in the war of resistance against France and the United States.
In fact, Vietnam could not win without China's help.
In 1950, Chen Geng, a representative of the Chinese military, led and others to Vietnam to formulate a battle plan with the Vietnamese army.
In addition, China has also provided Vietnam with a large number of military weapons, including more than 110,000 guns of various types.
In the struggle to aid Vietnam and resist the United States, China successively sent more than 300,000 PLA reinforcements, and also continuously sent a large amount of material resources to Vietnam free of charge.
You must know that at this time, China had just gotten rid of the dark situation of semi-colonialism and semi-feudalism, but it squeezed out materials from between its teeth to support Vietnam.
But after the First World War of Resistance against France, Vietnam chose to stand on the opposite side of China.
After the victory of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the Vietnamese army believed that it had the strength to expel all the French colonists from the country.
Vietnam, which had hoped to pursue the victory, died down at the suggestion of China.
China was well aware that although Vietnam had achieved a phased victory at this time, it would still be difficult to force back the French colonists in a short period of time.
Moreover, now that France has the support of the United States, this makes the chances of a final victory for Vietnam even lower.
The perennial war will drag down Vietnam's economic development, and for the sake of long-term consideration, China will persuade Vietnam to withdraw from the army at the Geneva Conference.
The Vietnamese leader at the time, Ho Chi Minh, approved China's proposal and chose to stop in time in light of his country's national conditions. France also took advantage of it, withdrawing its troops and recognizing Vietnam's independent status.
It seemed that everything was going in a peaceful and beautiful direction, but after the war, Vietnam was divided into two regimes, the North and the South.
Then Le Duan, the representative of Vietnam's main war faction, felt that China was all up to him for this matter. He felt that if it weren't for the persuasion of China, they would have completely defeated France and become completely strong.
But in reality, Vietnam's split stems from historical reasons.
In 1945, the Japanese invaded Vietnam and took over French colonial rule, propping up a pro-Japanese puppet government in the south.
At the same time, the Communist Party of Indochina, led by Ho Chi Minh, rose to liberate Cao Binh, Liang Son and other places in the north, and established a new Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
At the end of World War II, Japan was defeated, and France re-entered southern Vietnam in 1946.
By 1950, the United States had signed an agreement with France to provide military and economic assistance to France.
This was despite Ho Chi Minh's letter to governments in January of the same year, declaring the Democratic Republic to be the sole regime in Vietnam.
The letter was endorsed by China, the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, but the capitalist countries were reluctant to recognize the legitimacy of their regimes.
As a result, the south of Vietnam is under capitalist control, while the north is under socialist leadership, and relations between the north and the south will naturally break down.
In 1969, Ho Chi Minh, who had a deep friendship with China, died and was succeeded by Le Duan, the first secretary of Vietnam.
Le Duan already had a grudge against China, and after coming to power, he naturally took the initiative to bring Vietnam closer to the Soviet Union.
In Vietnam, all the people are soldiers
In 1971, the Soviet Union provided 2.5 billion rubles in aid to help Vietnam complete its reunification.
In the 70s of the 20th century, ping-pong diplomacy kicked off the prelude to normal diplomatic relations between China and the United States, and the Soviet Union was deeply worried about this.
After all, in the 50s, the Soviet Union wanted to control China's military power, but China rejected it, and Sino-Soviet relations deteriorated.
In order to contain the rise of China, the Soviet Union supported Vietnam's expansion of power on the Indochina Peninsula and launched an attack on the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia.
At the same time, Vietnam has also carried out a series of anti-Chinese activities in the country. For example, maliciously oppressing overseas Chinese in China, and firing Chinese officials in the Vietnamese government.
In addition, Vietnam has repeatedly harassed the tranquility of the mainland border, invaded the territory of the mainland, and disturbed the peaceful life of the residents of the mainland.
On February 17, 1979, China could not bear it anymore and launched a self-defense counterattack against Vietnam.
The well-trained 200,000 People's Liberation Army (PLA) entered Vietnam with a thunderous force, and it took only 15 days to take the important town of Lang Son, which was guarded by 100,000 Vietnamese troops.
Terrorized by the news of the loss of the front line in the flat Lang Son area, which was the gateway to Vietnam's capital, Henan, Le Duan sent a request for assistance from the Soviets and redeployed all Vietnamese troops in Cambodia.
Soon, the news of the defeat of the Vietnamese army in Lang Son spread throughout Vietnam.
In Vietnam, which is shrouded in the shadow of war, all the people are soldiers.
There are media reports that even Vietnamese peasants who depend on the weather for food have put down their hoes, picked up their pistols and gone to the front.
In addition to men, Vietnamese women, elderly and children also took up guns.
In the previous War of Resistance Against the United States, Vietnamese female soldiers used the "beauty trick" to get close to the US and South Vietnamese officers and soldiers, and then assassinated them after obtaining available information.
But the Chinese People's Liberation Army has strict discipline and will not be fooled by such tricks.
In 1979, the Vietnamese army, which our army quickly fought, retreated one after another. Just as Le Duan was gathering all the troops in the country in an attempt to hold Hanoi, China announced that it would withdraw its troops and would no longer attack southward.
At that time, Vietnam was about to "boil" inside, and they were full of feelings that China was "afraid", so they withdrew their troops.
As everyone knows, China's withdrawal is only because it has achieved its strategic goals, and the mainland has no intention of invading Vietnam, and this war of self-defense and counterattack is just to maintain its own peace.
The people below didn't know that Li Duan, who was a high-level and overlooked the overall situation, knew that he had failed, and he suddenly felt helpless and angry, but he could only press the shame and order that his troops were not allowed to pursue.
However, some Vietnamese militia members still ambushed the PLA on the retreat road in line with the principle of "not being subject to foreign military orders."
The Chinese side also knows that there will be certain difficulties in evacuating Vietnam at this time, which means that the PLA needs to show the highest degree of calm and courage in order to complete this task.
Still, the problem happened.
When he saw the corpse, he cried loudly
At that time, when the 448th Regiment of the mainland was retreating, it took a small road.
Although the trail is hidden, it will also lose contact with the large forces of the People's Liberation Army. If it is exposed, it will be attacked by the Vietnamese army.
Just as the 448th Regiment was getting closer and closer to the border, two Vietnamese soldiers who wanted to sneak attack them suddenly jumped out of the fork in the road, and the black muzzles of their guns kept strafing at the PLA.
The sound of bullets caused a commotion and panic, and Hu Jinliang in the team quickly calmed down.
Before he had time to think deeply, his body had already reacted for him, aiming at the vital points of the two Vietnamese soldiers and pulling the trigger.
After two gunshots, one fell to the ground, and the other tried to run away when he saw that the situation was not good. Hu Jinliang also predicted the Vietnamese soldier's intentions and chased after him with a gun.
With a bullet fired, the Vietnamese soldier in front fell down, blood gushing out and staining his shirt red.
Because the Vietnamese soldier was wearing a straw hat on his head and couldn't see his appearance clearly, Hu Jinliang stepped forward to verify "his" identity.
However, after he saw the face of the Vietnamese soldier clearly, he suddenly burst into tears.
Hu Jinliang was not very old, and when he received the order to go to the front line in Vietnam, he had just joined the People's Liberation Army, although he had also received rigorous training before, but these were only simulated training, unlike real guns and live ammunition that cost people's lives on the battlefield.
Although this little soldier of the People's Liberation Army has done a good job of building the psychology of sacrifice in war, he still has a little difficulty accepting it when he sees a living person die in front of him.
Moreover, this time he shot a woman.
After a brief look at the corpse, Hu Jinliang also realized that she was not a formally trained Vietnamese female soldier, but just an ordinary rural woman who had calluses on her fingers from farm work.
Hu Jinliang cried like a child, a man with iron bones, and would not cry because of bloodshed, but at this time he burst into tears because he shot a Vietnamese rural woman.
After seeing Hu Jinliang's wrong appearance, his teammates immediately understood.
Chinese have always believed that Fengzun respects the old and loves the young, and the Chinese man never wants to bully his daughter's family, but there is no eye on the battlefield, which is also inevitable.
He sighed and comforted Hu Jinliang: "She looks like an ordinary peasant woman, but she is also our enemy. She attacked us, and if you don't fight back, it's our own brothers who will be killed. ”
Yes, although the female corpse in front of her seems to be an honest farmer, it can be seen from her sneak attack that she already regards the People's Liberation Army as her enemy.
In addition, war is cruel and is destined to involve the sacrifice of life.
But in a sense, war is actually a way to strive for peace, and this is the case with the war of self-defense and counterattack against Vietnam.
Through this war, Vietnam has deeply realized the gap in strength between itself and China, and will no longer easily harm the Chinese on the Sino-Vietnamese border, nor will it treat overseas Chinese in Vietnam at will.
Under the persuasion of his teammates, Hu Jinliang finally got out of self-blame and sadness.
epilogue
From Vietnam's decision to draw ordinary women into the war, it can be found that the country has reached the point of unscrupulous means in order to win against China.
In the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam in those years, we sacrificed countless soldiers.
There are actually many fighters like Hu Jinliang.
If there was no war, they might just be ordinary cheerful boys who could live happily and peacefully.
But for the sake of the country and for peace in the true sense, they left their homeland, shouldered dangers and responsibilities, and resolutely threw themselves into the battlefield.
We should always remember the heroes and martyrs and pay tribute to the heroes!
Resources:
CNKI's "Unforgettable 1979 Self-Defense and Counter-Attack Operations Against Vietnam Part 1" - Li Peng
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