Xu Tianci was introducing the cultural relics unearthed at Deoksugung Palace to the public
Yue kiln celadon carved flower holding pot
Longquan kiln green glaze hexagonal seven-tube insert
Hangzhou Daily News The history of the Southern Song Dynasty is the history of a dynasty that makes people turn back to the intestines.
On the one hand, the Beacon War has always been a sword hanging over the head of the Southern Song Dynasty, which has smeared a tragic background on all the stories of this dynasty; on the other hand, the extreme brilliance of the Economic, Cultural, and Technological Shine of the Southern Song Dynasty has made posterity admire and look up.
In such a contradictory era context, how exactly is the footnote of history written?
Archaeology can give the world a good answer.
The construction of Hangzhou's famous historical and cultural city, "Southern Song" is an unavoidable topic - almost every archaeological discovery related to the Southern Song Dynasty in Hangzhou, such as the ruins of the Taimiao Temple, the ruins of Lin'an Fuzhi, the site of the Tiger Cave Kiln, the ruins of the Residence of Empress Gongsheng Renlie, and the ruins of Yanguan lane Royal Street, have been listed as the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China" list that year.
In the southeast corner of Hangzhou City, a palace that has been sealed for more than 800 years, Deoksugung Palace, is also the same.
Deoksugung Palace, located on the north side of Wangjiang Road and adjacent to Hu Xueyan's former residence in the south, is the place where Emperor Gaozong of Song retired. Since 2001, the ruins of Deoksugung Palace have undergone four archaeological excavations, and found rich archaeological relics such as palace walls, gates, large temple foundations, roads, pools, water channels, rockeries, and drainage ditches.
On December 28 last year, on the old site, the Deoksugung Palace Ruins Protection and Display Project and the Southern Song Museum (Phase I) were also officially started, which is the first important carrier of Hangzhou's large-scale display of the history and culture of the Southern Song Dynasty, which will be completed and opened to the public in 2022.
After 4 archaeological times, what cultural relics were unearthed in Deoksugung Palace, and how were these "Hangzhou treasures" restored? A few days ago, the reporter walked into the Municipal Cultural Relics Science and Technology Protection Center to take you to a full eye and explore the story behind the restoration of cultural relics in Deoksugung Palace.
"Heavenly Treasures" debut "Fascinated" and "Fate" let them into archaeology
"Tianci and Chai Bei, you two come and introduce them to the reporters."
Li Ying, the "head" of the Municipal Cultural Relics Science and Technology Protection Center, introduced us to the two "big masters" of Hangzhou porcelain cultural relics restoration - Xu Tianci and Chai Bei.
Li Ying smiled and said, "Everyone is used to calling them 'Heavenly Treasures' combinations, but they are the golden children and jade girls of our porcelain cultural relics restoration!" ”
Last year, the Hangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Hangzhou Museum of Arts and Crafts (Chinese Knife and Scissors, Fan and Umbrella Museum) jointly hosted the "Golden Hand Shovel" series of public archaeology activities. At the event site, Xu Tianci and his colleagues led the public to closely observe the porcelain pieces excavated from the deoksugung Palace site, and introduced the appreciation knowledge of various types of porcelain pieces.
"The young man is young and good-looking, but I didn't expect that my attainments would be so deep!" The Hangzhou audience at the scene commented on Xu Tianci.
truly. Born in 1993, the boy has been interested in the "antiques" category since he was a child, and he studied cultural relics appraisal and restoration at Zhejiang Art Vocational College. "I have a roommate who is particularly fond of antique porcelain, he often looks for some gadgets and reads a lot of books, under his influence, I also started to read books on this subject, and then... Just fascinated. Xu Tianci said with a smile. After graduating in 2014, he came to work at the Municipal Archaeological Institute, and in the summer he participated in the excavation of the site of Wuyue Guo han Haitang on Jiangcheng Road, and from the end of 2014 to the beginning of 2015, he participated in the excavation of the tomb in the Miaoshan area of Yanqiao Village, South Street, Tonglu City, and then has been sorting out and classifying the porcelain specimens excavated by the Archaeological Institute over the years. After that, the projects involved in the restoration include: the artifacts exhibited by the Hangzhou Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology at the end of the year in recent years, the Yuan Dynasty artifacts of the Tiger Cave Kiln in the Ge Kiln Exhibition of the Palace Museum, and the Yuan Dynasty Longquan Kiln Celadon from the Yiwu Museum.
Listening to the introduction of Tianqi, Chai Bei on the side flashed her big eyes: "I don't know what's going on, it's just a coincidence, and I have a fate with this job." "In 2014, Chai Bei graduated from university, and the classmate said that all the internship opportunities in Hangzhou archaeology, do you want to go? Chai Bei said, Go.
"Many of the classmates who came with me left for various reasons, and I stayed alone." Chai Bei said lightly, in fact, colleagues know the reason for her stay best, "She works seriously and responsibly, the restored works are good, and they have been unanimously recognized by everyone." ”
Open the "Past and Present Lives" of "Deoksugung Palace"
Tens of thousands of porcelain pieces have been unearthed
This time, the "Heavenly Treasure" combination will highlight the restoration of cultural relics in Deoksugung Palace.
First open the "past and present lives" of "Deoksugung Palace"——
In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of Song passed on the throne to Emperor Xiaozong of Song and retired to Deoksugung Palace, which was originally the old residence of Qin Juniper, and Zhao Shuo built Deokshou Palace on the basis of his old residence. Because it was located in the northern part of the imperial city of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was called "North Palace" or "North Inner". "Historical records record that Deoksugung Palace is as large as it is astonishing, and the degree of exquisiteness is even greater than that of the Imperial City of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the layout is similar to that of lin'an Imperial City, with more than ten halls and a large number of garden landscapes such as Deshou Hall, Apse Hall, Lingzhi Hall, Shooting Hall, Sleeping Hall, Food Hall, etc., and its large dragon pond, Banzai Mountain, and the cold spring of the West Lake and Feilai Peak. If the pavilion is prosperous and the royal Dan is magnificent, then it is not outside that can be proposed...
After archaeological verification, the historical evolution of Deoksugung Palace has become clearer and clearer——
In April of the fifteenth year of Shaoxing (1145), Emperor Gaozong of Song gave Qin Juniper wangxianqiao the eastern plot of land as a mansion.
In June of the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1162), Emperor Gaozong of Song rebuilt the original Qin Juniper mansion and gave it the name "Deshou Palace". Emperor Gaozong of Song moved to Deoksugung Palace.
In October of the fourteenth year of Chunxi (1187), Emperor Gaozong of Song collapsed at Deoksugung Palace...
Now that the historical background is clear, let's take a look at the excavated cultural relics.
"The nine autumn winds dew more and more kilns open, and win the green color of the thousand peaks." A praise from the Tang Dynasty poet Tortoise Meng made countless people yearn for "Yue kiln" porcelain. What kind of texture is "Zi Ru Gui Bi"? What is the color of "color like smoke"? How beautiful is the "Yue Kiln"?
"According to statistics, there are more than 8,600 pieces of fragments unearthed from Deoksugung Palace, and tens of thousands of porcelain pieces, which is very fruitful!" Xu Tianci said.
Repair the old as the old Let history and modernity shine together
This time, Xu Tianci and Chai Bei prepared a mangkou cup of Longquan blue glaze unearthed from Deshou Palace.
"It was used as a tea set during the Southern Song Dynasty, you see, so you can hold it in your hand, just a hand, and the comfort is very good." Xu Tianci said that a gold and silver buckle was wrapped here along the mouth, which was a symbol of status as a vassal of elegance when drinking tea.
At present, the restoration of ancient ceramics is mainly divided into research restoration, commodity restoration, and exhibition restoration. Different repair purposes have different requirements for repair technology. In archaeological work, it is generally based on plaster research and restoration.
When the artifact was first obtained, it was mutilated and consisted of two pieces of porcelain. How do I fix it completely? Xu Tianci introduced the complete process of studying the repair in detail for the reporter -
The first step is to take a picture. Every link of the restoration must be photographed, which is the best track record of the new cultural relics;
The second step is to clean up. Clean up with clean water, wash off the rust and mud, and then put it into the ultrasonic cleaning machine for deep cleaning, and then use detergent to clean it targeted to ensure that there is no dirt on the interface and section;
The third step is splicing. Use professional glue or hot melt gun to match and stitch the porcelain pieces one by one;
Step 4: Turn the mold. The most used in the mold is the wax piece, after making a good model with the wax piece, put the mixed gypsum grout into it, and the process of pouring it in should be shaken as much as possible to get rid of the bubbles;
Step 5: Sanding. After the plaster is completely filled and dried, it is necessary to carry out all-round and multi-level grinding by hand until the plaster is polished to an incomparably smooth...
Repairing such a cup is actually the simplest. Among the porcelain pieces of cultural relics unearthed from Deoksugung Palace, the one that most "collapsed" the "Heavenly Treasure" combination was a "flower pot". "Because there are so many fragments, they come in batches, and it took two weeks just to stitch them together."
There are also some cultural relics that look lifelike and are no different from the complete, how is this restored? Xu Tianci said: "For these fragments of relatively complete cultural relics, in addition to the previously mentioned process of cleaning and splicing, we will use resin porcelain powder to base it, shape it completely, and then use professional pigments to modulate similar colors, you can use strokes, you can also spray painting, try to achieve 'basic consistency' of glaze gloss." ”
The avenue is simple, and it is easier said than done. The four words of "basic consistency" are the accumulation of Hangzhou archaeologists for decades, and the youth and blood that generations of archaeologists have paid for Hangzhou and the country. At present, the "Heavenly Treasure" combination is restoring a batch of porcelain excavated from the deoksugung palace site for the Southern Song Dynasty Museum under construction. "I cherish this hard-won learning opportunity!" Xu Tianci said.