April 25 to May 1 is the national "Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law" publicity week, April 30, Dahe.com interviewed the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Health Commission, and asked him to explain how to improve the level of occupational health literacy of workers and protect the health rights and interests of workers.
There are four conditions for judging an occupational disease
Suspected illness is found to do so
Work methods such as sitting and standing for a long time and sitting at a desk for a long time have brought varying degrees of damage to the health of workers. "Overwork", "mouse hand", cervical spondylosis...... Are these occupational diseases?
"In order to constitute an occupational disease as stipulated in the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, four conditions must be met. According to the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Health Commission, the main body of the disease is the workers of enterprises, institutions or individual economic organizations; it must be caused in the process of engaging in occupational activities; it must be caused by exposure to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances and other occupational disease hazards; it must be the occupational disease listed in the classification and catalogue of occupational diseases published by the state.
With the acceleration of economic transformation and upgrading, the wide application of new technologies, new materials and new processes, the continuous emergence of new industries and new forms of business, and the more complex and diverse hazards of occupational diseases, what should workers do if they find that they are suspected of suffering from occupational diseases?
"Once a worker is found to be suffering from a suspected occupational disease or occupational disease, he or she may apply for an occupational disease diagnosis at the place where the employer is located, the place where he or she is registered, or the place where the worker habitually resides. The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Health Commission said. Workers can apply for occupational disease diagnosis by themselves by choosing a convenient and nearby occupational disease diagnosis institution. If there is any objection to the diagnosis certificate, they may apply to the competent health department at the municipal level where the diagnosis was made may be applied to for the first evaluation. The occupational diseases in our province are identified at two levels, and the provincial appraisal is the final appraisal.
It is understood that there are 36 occupational disease diagnosis institutions, 317 occupational health inspection institutions, 58 pneumoconiosis rehabilitation stations, 98 occupational health and radiation health technical service institutions, and 1,883 professional and technical personnel for occupational disease prevention and control. Since the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan, it has provided occupational health examinations for more than 1.34 million workers, more than 3,000 occupational disease diagnosis services, and more than 10,000 pneumoconiosis patients.
Create an "upgraded version" of occupational health assistance for small, medium and micro enterprises
Improve the ability of enterprise occupational health management
In June 2022, Henan issued the "Henan Provincial Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Plan (2021-2025)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"). Since the implementation of the plan, the province has monitored more than 13,000 employers in key industries, monitored more than 95,917 positions with occupational disease hazards, and collected more than 130 pieces of occupational health examination case information, realizing the full coverage of industries with serious occupational disease hazards, key occupational disease monitoring counties and districts, and monitoring diseases. The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Health Commission said.
According to reports, judging from the incidence of occupational diseases, pneumoconiosis, noise deafness, and chemical poisoning account for a relatively high proportion of reported cases in our province; judging from the results of monitoring occupational disease hazards in recent years and the investigation of the current situation of occupational disease hazards in industrial enterprises, noise is the first occupational disease hazard, followed by dust and chemical poisons.
"Henan focuses on mining, metallurgy, building materials and other industries with serious hazards of dust, chemical poisons, noise and radioactive occupational diseases, and carries out in-depth special treatment of occupational disease hazards. The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Health Commission said. By the end of last year, 7,686 enterprises had been included in the province's special management measures, and employers had been urged to strengthen occupational health management, improve working conditions in the workplace, control and reduce occupational disease hazards at the source, and ensure the occupational health of the vast number of workers.
Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises are the main force to absorb employees, but due to the large number and large population flow, there is a general problem of weak occupational health management foundation and ability. How to help micro, small and medium-sized enterprises do a good job in occupational health?
"In recent years, our province has carried out a series of activities with the use of central transfer payment funds, such as in the implementation of occupational disease prevention and control projects, the monitoring of occupational disease hazards and key occupational diseases has been given priority to small and micro enterprises, and has achieved relatively good results. The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Health Commission said.
"In the next step, we will go further from the level of free regular testing, physical examination and training, to create an 'upgraded version' of occupational health assistance for small and medium-sized enterprises, and to improve the ability of enterprise occupational health management by guiding enterprises to carry out the identification, analysis and evaluation of occupational disease hazard factors, so as to achieve the declaration rate of occupational disease hazard projects and the regular detection rate of occupational disease hazard factors in the workplace by the end of 2025. The rate of occupational health examinations and occupational health training can reach the target of 100%. ”
Improve the service level of prevention and control institutions
Safeguard occupational health rights
Occupational health rights and interests are the most basic health rights and interests of workers, when talking about how to protect their rights and interests in the work, the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Health Commission said that workers enjoy occupational health protection, occupational health education and training, regular occupational health examinations, occupational disease diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation and other rights and interests in accordance with the law.
Employers shall perform contract notices and warning notices, and employers with occupational disease hazards shall provide employees with personal protective equipment that meets national standards, including protective masks, earplugs, etc. Workers exposed to occupational disease hazards should be regularly organized to undergo occupational health examinations. In the event of a suspected occupational disease or occupational disease, the employer has the responsibility to organize the occupational patient to conduct diagnosis and evaluation, including follow-up treatment and rehabilitation.
In the process of work, the worker shall strictly abide by the safety operation procedures, and if the management of the employer obviously violates the rules and regulations and forces the employee to take risks, the worker has the right to criticize, report and accuse.
In addition, practitioners can strengthen their own protection and enhance their awareness and awareness of occupational disease prevention by learning the relevant knowledge and policies of occupational disease prevention and control. The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Health Commission said.
Promoting the strengthening of services by occupational disease prevention and control institutions is an important means to protect the health of workers, and plays an important role in safeguarding the occupational health rights and interests of workers and promoting enterprises to create a good working environment.
Based on this, our province has vigorously built from the aspects of laws and regulations, support capacity, and talent team, and currently has 451 occupational health and radiation health technical service institutions, occupational health inspection institutions, and occupational disease diagnosis institutions in the province. Among the 17 provincial municipalities and the Jiyuan Demonstration Zone, 7 regions have independently set up occupational disease prevention and control institutes (institutes), and among the 157 counties (districts), 140 county-level disease control centers have set up special occupational disease prevention and control departments.
The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Health Commission said that in the next step, the province will vigorously promote the quality and compliance actions of occupational disease prevention and control institutions, further improve the ability of the CDC and occupational disease prevention and control institutions to standardize the monitoring of occupational diseases and hazard factors, standardize the service work of occupational health and radiation health technical service institutions, and improve the reporting rate and supervision coverage rate of technical service information; further strengthen the standardized management of occupational health inspection institutions and occupational disease diagnosis institutions, and improve the case information reporting rate and quality control coverage rate. The rectification rate of quality control problems and the investigation and handling rate of related illegal cases will promote the high-quality development of occupational disease prevention and control institutions, and provide a more powerful guarantee for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the protection of workers' occupational health. (Text/He Shan, Guo Xuru Source: Henan Daily client)