#我来唠家常#
▲ The former site of Mengzi Branch of Southwest Associated University. Photo by Lu Wen
Man Jianghong (school song of Southwest Associated University), authentic scenery, 5 minutes
-The Legend of the Gentleman of Things-
A few days ago
Fengwujun and Tencent Neo-Cultural Creativity together
Came to Kunming and Mengzi
Follow the road that the teachers and students of Southwest Associated University walked back then
Relived the memory of the Southwest Associated University in Yunnan
"Where is Southwest Associated University?
▲ The former site of Southwest Associated University located in Yunnan Normal University. Photo by Andor
As a historical university, National Southwest Associated University has long since "retired from the world". But on the rivers and lakes, there is never a shortage of legends about her. "China's best university", "Mount Everest in the history of Chinese education", "miracle in troubled times", the Southwest Associated University intertwined by these words, but like a low-key sweeping monk, hidden in Kunming, the southwest hinterland of China.
Why Kunming
At the former site of the Southwest Associated University, Fengwujun met the rain of Kunming for the first time, which was humid and gentle.
▲ Green Lake with light rain. Photography / Brother Qi
Wang Zengqi once described in "The Rain of Kunming": "The rainy season in Kunming is thick green. The branches and leaves of the plants are saturated with moisture, showing excessive, almost exaggerated exuberance. ”
When writing this text, Wang Zengqi may not have realized that the unbridled grandeur of the ancient city of Kunming was not because of the lush vegetation, but also because of the young students who came on their trek.
▲ There are not only students who trek through mountains and rivers to Kunming, every winter, Siberian seagulls will visit Kunming for the winter, such a "tradition" has continued for more than 30 years, and the visit of tens of thousands of seagulls has become a local scene, but also a model of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Whenever the seagulls visit, locals and tourists prepare special gull food and bread to feed the seagulls. Photo/Visual China
In the early morning of July 30, 1937, Nankai University was attacked by the Japanese army, and the school gate and most of the school buildings collapsed into ruins in an instant. This is the first institution of higher learning in China to suffer hardships since the Anti-Japanese War. After the fall of Pingjin, Nankai University, together with Tsinghua University and Peking University, went to Changsha to merge to form the National Changsha Provisional University. After only one semester of classes, with the emergency in Changsha, this temporary university was facing relocation again. As to where to relocate, a place name was repeatedly mentioned at the seminar.
Go to Kunming!
▲ Take off! Photo/Visual China
▲ Aerial panorama of Kunming. Photo by Andor
Since the "Lugou Bridge Incident", with the southward invasion of the Japanese army, Yunnan, Guichuan and other southwestern regions have become the mainland's large rear, and the political, economic, and cultural centers have moved to the southwest.
Kunming, located in the southwest hinterland, is located in the middle of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The plateau topography with ravines and ravines, coupled with the altitude of the urban area at a height of nearly 2,000 meters, makes Kunming no longer need to temporarily undertake some of the functions of the national government like Chongqing and Chengdu. To a certain extent, this also allowed Kunming to reduce the impact of the war. In addition, the stretching Changworm Mountain and the West Mountain, like a solid screen, surround Kunming on three sides. For the teachers and students who have been displaced for more than half a year, the greatest desire in their hearts at this time is to find a quiet desk.
▲ Yunnan-Vietnam Railway. Photo by Ho Chun Wan
Even today, when it comes to the southwest, many people's stereotypes still contain preconceived words such as "closed" and "backward". In fact, convenient transportation has always been one of the most distinctive labels of the ancient city of Kunming.
Kunming on the bank of Dianchi Lake, the east side connects Guizhou and Guizhou to the ocean, and you can enter the Central Plains through Sichuan and Chongqing to the north. Heading south from Kunming, passing through the gentle Red River Delta and the Mekong Plain, you can directly lead to Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and other Southeast Asian countries.
▲ Dianchi Lake. Photo/Visual China
"Eighteen strange people in Yunnan, the train does not pass through the country and abroad. In 1910, a French-built Yunnan-Vietnam railway connecting Kunming with the port of Haiphong in Vietnam was officially opened. As the first railway in southwest China, the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway naturally became the export of southwest China to foreign countries. When Shanghainese people debated what authentic Shanghainese Western food was, Mengziren along the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway were already familiar with French red wine and coffee.
▲ The Yunnan-Vietnam Railway is the first railway in southwest China, with a distance of only 1 meter between the tracks, and is also called the meter-gauge railway. The Yunnan-Vietnam Railway was once called the third largest project in the world by the British Daily News on a par with the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal. Cartography / Paprika
During the Anti-Japanese War, China's external access was almost cut off. Kunming, in the rear, has become the entrance to China for aid materials to China by virtue of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway. It is precisely because of this railway that it provides a road to Yunnan for the teachers and students of the Southwest Associated University. Subsequently, a large number of information books and large precision experimental instruments could be relocated to Yunnan through the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway.
▲ Meter track. Photo by Wan Rui
In mid-February 1938, the Southwest Associated University went to Kunming and was finally able to make the trip.
▲ Southwest Associated University relocation route map. Cartography / Paprika
This can be called the "Long March" of China's cultural relocation, which is divided into three routes. One of the routes, more than 300 teachers and students with good physical strength formed the "Hunan-Guizhou-Yunnan Travel Group", which walked from Changsha Changde and Guiyang to Kunming. Most of the teachers and students, such as Zhu Ziqing, Chen Daisun, Qian Mu and others, traveled from Guilin and Nanning to Zhennanguan to Hanoi, Vietnam, and then took the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway to Kunming. The remaining third route personnel traveled south along the Guangdong-Hanzhou Line to Guangzhou, arrived in Haiphong in Vietnam by boat via Guangzhou and Hong Kong, and then came to Kunming via the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway.
▲ Mengzi Bise Village. Photo by Lu Wen
▲ Jianshui Ancient City. Photo by Lu Wen
On April 2, 1938, with the arrival of most of the teachers and students in Kunming, the National Changsha Provisional University was renamed the National Southwest Associated University, and the president was appointed by Mei Yiqi, president of Tsinghua University. Since then, the Southwest Associated University has taken root in Yunnan and spent eight years of "fortitude and perseverance".
▲ Build a water Shuanglong Bridge. Photo by Lu Wen
How big Kunming is, how big is Southwest Associated University
Walking in the streets and alleys of Kunming, you don't need to deliberately look for it, you can take a picture with the atmosphere of Southwest Associated University.
▲ Green Lake is always full of youthful atmosphere. Photo by Lu Wen
The Green Lake in the downtown area of Kunming is a good place for teachers and students of Southwest Associated University to take a walk. Xicangpo, on the west side of the Green Lake, was once one of Wen Yiduo's residences in Kunming. From Xicangpo along the lake to the north, walking up the Mr. Slope, there is Wenlin Street, where the teachers of the United Nations University gather, and then walk to a hundred steps, you can step into the cultural lane where Qian Zhongshu lived.
▲ Aerial photography of Green Lake Park. Photo by Shi Yaochen
In Kunming, most of the schools and temples that have been around for a few years have witnessed the dedication of teachers and students to study. Although it was the seat of the Yunnan Provincial Government, Kunming was only a small border city after all. In the face of a large influx of population, school arrangements are inevitably tight. Before the completion of the new UNGA campus, many secondary schools in Kunming, such as Kunhua Middle School, Kunhua Public School and Nanjing Middle School, had voluntarily lent their premises to UN teachers and students.
▲ Yunnan University, which helped each other with Southwest Associated University in the past, is now a spring scene. Photo by Wan Rui
Compared with the Central Plains, Yunnan has a stronger religious belief. However, in the face of the lack of school buildings for teachers and students, many temples have temporarily put aside their scruples and allowed their laboratories to move into temples and share rooms with the deities they worship. Qian Mu, a master of Chinese studies, completed the writing of the "Outline of National History" in Kunming's Yanquan Temple, and Fei Xiaotong's social laboratory was placed in Kunming's Drum Tower Kuixing Pavilion.
Compared with the fixed office space of teachers, the footprints of Lianhua students are scattered in every corner of Kunming. Due to the limited space of the school library, the teahouse in the downtown area of Kunming has become a "self-study room" for the students of the United Nations. For students who come to "drink tea", the teahouse only charges a few cents for tea. The bustling Fengzhu Street, where teahouses and cake shops gather, has even become the "second classroom" for Wang Zengqi and other United University students.
▲ Kunming Guanghua Old Street. Photo by Wan Rui
Wang Zengqi once recorded this past in "Teahouse": "There is a classmate surnamed Lu, who is a strange person who once traveled half of China by bicycle. This man is really a champion of teahouses. There was a time when he spent all day soaking in a familiar teahouse. His toiletries are in this teahouse. Let's go to the teahouse to wash their faces and brush their teeth, then sit down, make a bowl of tea, eat two baked cakes, and read a book. Until noon, I got up and went out for lunch. Ate the meal, another bowl of tea, until dinner. After dinner, it was another bowl, and it was not until the lights on the street that I went back to the dormitory with a very thick book. ”
▲ A corner of the Lotus Hall. Photography / Dake
A small teahouse condenses the family and country worries of the teachers and students of the Southwest United. In today's Kunming, a group of people with a heart will interpret the daily life of the teachers and students of the Southwest Associated University into the drama "The Past of the United Nations University", which will be revisited and staged by the lotus pond in the rockery pavilion. In the streets and alleys of Nanqiang not far away, you can still relive "My Mr. Wen", full of enthusiasm and passionate speech.
▲ Stills from the drama "My Mr. Wen". In this trip to re-walk the "Southwest Associated University", Feng Wujun watched the drama "The Past of the United Nations University", and during the viewing process, it was difficult for Feng Wujun not to immerse himself in the worries of the United Nations students. In the drama "My Mr. Wen", after Fengwujun perceived Mr. Wen Yiduo's fearless spirit up close, he seemed to have returned to that bumpy and turbulent era. Photo by Zhang Yuehui
How big Yunnan is, how big is the Southwest Associated University
In Yunnan, there has always been a saying that "how big Yunnan is, how big is the Southwest Associated University".
When I came to Kunming, due to the shortage of school buildings, Southwest Associated University opened branches in Mengzi and Xuyong. Teachers and students from the School of Arts and Law of Southwest Associated University got off at Bise Village on the border of Yunnan Province through the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway, and transferred to a Jasper Railway to Mengzi.
▲ Bisezhai Station and the old stationmaster. Photography by Wang Mu
As the capital of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Mengzi was the largest port of foreign trade in Yunnan Province at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, and 80% of Yunnan's import and export goods had to be transshipped through Mengzi at that time. In 1938, the Mengzi branch of Southwest Associated University moved into the customs building of Mengzi. The women's dormitory is placed in the "Yilou" of Meng's proud gentleman Zhou Baizhai.
▲ The Yilou was originally built by Zhou Baizhai for his own retirement. Knowing that the students of the Associated University were exiled here, Zhou Baizhai specially lent them to the Southwest Associated University. At the Yilou, neither Fengwujun nor Tencent's new cultural and creative group spoke. Everyone sat in the corridor of the Yilou or sat quietly on the stone benches in the courtyard, feeling the breeze blowing on their faces, as if they had a staggered dialogue with the students of the United Nations University 80 years ago. Photography / Dake
The architectural style of the courtyard house combined with the garden makes the Yilou quite a bit of northern architecture. Standing under the eaves of the second floor of the Yilou, this group of girls from the north listened to the wind at night, and couldn't help but miss the lost homeland in the north. Because of this, the Yilou was renamed the Tingfeng Building.
▲ Mengzi South Lake. At that time, the students of the Faculty of Arts of the United Nations University established the Nanhu Poetry Society, whose members included Mu Dan, who later became the representative poet of the "Nine Leaves Poetry School". Photo by Lu Wen
In the article "Dreaming Back to Mengzi", Feng Youlan's daughter Zong Pu once said frankly that in Mengzi's days, "like a calm and gentle flowing water in the torrent, when I think about it, I always feel that this small city is kind and full of poetry."
▲ A teenager riding a bicycle with a schoolbag on the shore of Mengzi East Lake and a person talking to Mengzi Gelu before his trip. Photography by Wang Mu
In a sense, the arrival of the Southwest Associated University has made Mengzi and even the whole of Yunnan from the "marginal area" in the traditional context to become the "discoverer". Yunnan, with its diverse topography and rich people's feelings, is the best research object in the eyes of scholars of Southwest Associated University.
▲ Cross-bridge rice noodles, Jianshui tofu, etc., are all representative delicacies of the Red River. Photo/Zhang Yuehui, inflatable jelly
At that time, almost no girls went to school, and communication between young men and women was taboo. The "modern" dress of the female students of the United Nations General Assembly and the equal communication with young men have set off a wave of "new atmosphere" in Mengzi. Mengzi's officials even proposed to the Southwest Associated University that the students should not dress too fashionably.
▲ Kunming Dounan Flower Market. Photography / Brother Qi
This situation did not last long, as the Southwest Associated University opened a local people's night school, Mengzi girls also went into the classroom to learn cultural knowledge. The costumes of female students in Peking and Tianjin were also worn on the body of the Mengzi girl.
Yunnan, not only the Southwest Associated University
From Kunming to Mengzi, Fengwujun and Tencent Neo-Cultural Creativity only stopped for 4 days. The teachers and students of Southwest Associated University have spent eight years here.
▲ Memorial Hall of Southwest Associated University. Photo by Wan Rui
In 1946, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the National Southwest Associated University was re-split into Tsinghua University, Peking University, and Nankai University, and was demobilized and returned to the north. The Teachers College, which was jointly established by the three universities, remained in Kunming as a gift to Yunnan and became today's Yunnan Normal University.
In the past eight years, the humble tin thatched school building of Southwest Associated University has been an ideal country for students in troubled times. This period of condensation of the melancholy of "the spring grass and trees of the city" is irreplaceable in the memory of the teachers and students of the United Nations. Yang Zhenning, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics, once said: "I often think that I am lucky that I have laid a solid foundation in Southwest Associated University. ”
▲ The 80th anniversary of the founding of Southwest Associated University was held in Peking University, attended by Nobel laureate Yang Zhenning. Diagram / Diagram Worm Creative
With the turn of time, the vivid past of Southwest Associated University has not been locked deep in the high walls and exudes a decadent atmosphere shaped by history, but has become the brightest moonlight in people's hearts through the interpretation of books, documentaries, and movies. Nowadays, more people are going to Yunnan to pursue the memories left here by the Southwest Associated University.
▲ Southwest Associated University original classroom indoors. Photo by Wan Rui
Just like this time, Feng Wujun and Tencent Neo-Cultural Creativity wrote neat Chinese characters on the "ham chair" in the classroom of the United Nations University, watched the "one inch deep moss mark of the wild store" in the smoke and rain by the lotus pond, and realized the breeze that blew 80 years ago in the "Tingfeng Building" of the women's dormitory of the United Nations University in Mengzi...... When the students were displaced, Fengwujun seemed to be able to perceive one or two.
Along the road traveled by the teachers and students of Southwest Associated University, immersed in the scene of the year, and infinitely close to the feelings of the teachers and students of the United Nations University of Associated Arts, this may be the definition of "cultural and tourism integration" of Tencent's neo-cultural creativity.
▲ Kunming Yunnan People's Heroes Monument & Anti-Japanese War Victory Memorial Hall aerial photography. Photo by Shi Yaochen
This year, the term "integration of culture and tourism" has become popular. As stated in the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Combined Development of Culture and Tourism" jointly issued by the Ministry of Culture and the National Tourism Administration, "culture is the soul of tourism, and tourism is an important carrier of culture." ”