On May 27, 1949, the red flag fluttered in the wind over Shanghai, and the Chinese People's Liberation Army marched into the city with orderly steps, being inspected by Shanghai citizens, and people from all walks of life took to the streets.
They held large photographs of Mao Zedong and waved red flags to welcome the People's Liberation Army into the city. They laughed, laughed and laughed and cried, and these people who had gone through the trials and tribulations knew that for the laughter of this moment, I don't know how many martyrs were sacrificed, and some people closed their eyes forever in the darkness before dawn.
He rubbed shoulders with Dawn
In the cheerful atmosphere of celebrating the liberation of Shanghai, in front of the Wenhua Villa, a woman stood with a sad brow, waiting for her husband to return.
Half a month ago, on May 12, she helped her husband Huang Jingwu tie and handed her the briefcase to her. The husband smiled at her, "Don't worry, it's okay." Who knows, Huang Jingwu did not go home that day, and the next day, there was still no news.
She was very anxious, but according to her husband's previous explanation, she did not go to the central bank where Huang Jingwu worked to find him, she was waiting for the "liberation" that her husband said.
On May 27, it was liberated, but why didn't Huang Jingwu come back?
Since that day, Huang Jingwu's wife has been looking for her husband outside every day, and she went to Tilanqiao Prison in Shanghai to watch the release of Communist Party members and patriotic democrats who were held there one after another, including Huang Jingwu.
She anxiously stepped forward and asked the person who had just been released, "Comrade, have you seen Huang Jingwu?"
The answer was, "No." After several days of searching, she found nothing, and the sense of foreboding grew stronger and stronger.
At the same time, the comrades of the Shanghai Democratic Construction Association were also looking for Huang Jingwu, and finally, on June 2, they found him.
When Huang Jingwu's wife rushed to the prison of the Secret Bureau, it was like five thunderbolts, and she did not fall down with the support of her sister.
Rows of the bodies of the martyrs lay in an earthen pit, they were tied up with flowers, their heads covered with blue cloth covers, they were wearing only undershirts and shirts, their bodies were decomposed to varying degrees, blood and dirt were mixed together, and their faces were not recognizable at all. The cloth covers on the heads of the martyrs bear the marks of teeth bitten, and this is their last struggle after being buried alive and before they die.
The comrades endured great grief and carefully washed the blood and soil from the martyrs, and Huang Jingwu's wife walked past the corpses with great grief, and finally she stood in front of a body with a black mole next to her temple.
This body has no feet, no eyeballs, and all the fingernails have fallen off, which is terrifying, he is Huang Jingwu.
It is hard to imagine what kind of inhuman torture Huang Jingwu suffered during his lifetime, he gave his life for the liberation of Shanghai, died young, and passed by the dawn.
Upon learning of Huang Jingwu's death, Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi sent a message of condolence, and after the founding of New China, Huang Jingwu was posthumously recognized as a martyr. Huang Yanpei, the father of martyr Huang Jingwu, wrote a tribute to his beloved son: "Jingwu! If you die, if you foresee that eight days after your death, the six million citizens of Shanghai will be liberated, and the 47,000,000 people of all China will be liberated one after another. ”
Patriots who sacrifice their lives and forget their deaths
In 1903, the second son of Mr. Huang Yanpei, a famous political activist, educator and industrial founder, was born, and Huang Yanpei named the child Jingwu (later renamed Jingwu).
Huang Yanpei was a man of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, who was not only proficient in Confucian classics, but also advocated democratic and progressive ideas. When Huang Jingwu was two years old, Huang Yanpei joined the League founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen and became one of the pioneers of China's democratic revolution. Huang Jingwu, who has been influenced by his father's democratic ideas since he was a child, has the demeanor of a father, can see righteousness in reading, and is upright.
In 1916, Huang Jingwu graduated from Chuansha Primary School in Jiangsu Province and was admitted to the secondary department of Tsinghua School in Beijing with excellent results, and went directly to Tsinghua University after graduating from middle school.
During his studies at Tsinghua University, Huang Jingwu excelled in his studies, but he did not just focus on studying hard. He participated in the patriotic salvation movement many times, and gave speeches with full enthusiasm to save China from fire and water with the patriotic enthusiasm of the people.
After graduating from Tsinghua University, Huang Jingwu embarked on the road to study in the United States with the ideal of saving the country through industry, and he studied economics at Harvard University, and rushed back to his homeland as soon as he obtained a master's degree.
At the beginning of his return to China, Huang Jingwu was in charge of salt affairs in Hunan Province, during which a salt merchant approached him and promised him a large sum of silver dollars, asking Huang Jingwu to facilitate the sale of illicit salt, but he sternly refused. Unexpectedly, the salt merchant turned to his boss, who joined forces with the salt merchant and suspended Huang Jingwu. The officialdom is so dark, Huang Jingwu is determined to try to change the status quo.
In 1931, he left Hunan to work as an accountant at the Shanghai Salt Audit Office, and Huang Jingwu invited his teacher, Professor Clifford of Harvard University, to China to guide the salt work. The two traveled around the country to carry out a major reform of the salt accounting system, formalizing it and curbing corruption to a certain extent.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Huang Jingwu moved to Sichuan with the Nationalist Government and served as an auditor of the Central Bank of the Nationalist Government.
The situation deteriorated, Japan invaded China, and the Kuomintang officials did not want to serve the country, but only wanted to make money in their personal pockets. Huang Jingwu hated all this, and in a letter to his fourth brother Huang Daneng, he denounced the Nationalist Government, "There is no ability to organize the people, and there is no condition for establishing a country." ”
During this period, he read a large number of Mao Zedong's works and saw the determination of the Communist Party of China to save the country, Huang Jingwu began to actively participate in the revolution, and joined the China Democratic League in 1941 and served as a member of the Central Committee of the Democratic League.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Huang Jingwu served as Zhou Enlai's translator during the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and after the breakdown of the peace talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he returned to Shanghai and continued to work in his original position. In 1945, Huang Jingwu joined the China Democratic Construction Association, and he ran between the Democratic National Construction Association and the Democratic League, fighting against the dictatorship of the Kuomintang in a dual capacity.
As the People's Liberation Army (PLA) entered the strategic offensive stage, the Kuomintang army retreated one after another, and in the Kuomintang-ruled areas, the movement against the Nationalist Government organized by the Democratic League and the China Democratic Construction Association became more and more intense.
The Kuomintang hated Huang Jingwu and other patriots, and on October 27, 1937, it openly declared the NLD an "illegal organization." Large-scale arrests and killings of patriots began, and the activities of the China Democratic Construction Association were forced to go underground.
In the winter of 1948, Huang Jingwu was promoted to the executive secretary of the China Democratic Construction Association in Shanghai, and he risked his life to secretly contact patriots in Shanghai's industrial and commercial and financial circles, and organized all forces to wage a struggle against the Nationalist Government.
Beginning in 1935, Chiang Kai-shek instructed the central bank of the Nationalist Government, the Bank of China, the Bank of Communications, and the Peasant Bank of China to issue "legal tender," and at the same time implemented a comprehensive state-owned monopoly of silver, and since then the "four banks" have monopolized the country's financial industry. At the same time, the Central Trust Bureau monopolized the export trade, the Postal Savings and Remittance Bureau monopolized the exchange of deposits, and the Central Cooperative Treasury monopolized the financial activities of the nation's "cooperative undertakings".
So far, the "four major families" have formed a state monopoly capital, and they have disregarded the national economy and the people's livelihood and wantonly plundered the assets of the people's fat and ointment and patriotic national capitalists.
In the central bank, Huang Jingwu saw through the Kuomintang's tricks to accumulate money, and he secretly collected information on "four banks, two bureaus, and one library" and handed it over to our party's underground party. This has played an immeasurable role in our party's nationwide crackdown on monopoly and the rebuilding of financial order since the founding of New China.
In addition to wantonly monopolizing and accumulating wealth, the Kuomintang also secretly transported millions of taels of gold, property, and materials from Shanghai to Taiwan, and after learning of this information, Huang Jingwu took the risk of revealing to reporters the inside story of Chiang Kai-shek's theft of a large number of dollars and gold to be shipped to Taiwan. He did all this because he thought that if the country's wealth was stolen, even if our party took over Shanghai in the future, it would be just an empty shell.
One of the ten million heroes
In April 1949, when the Kuomintang saw that the People's Liberation Army was approaching Shanghai, they began to take action against the democratic parties, planning to make an example of them.
At the beginning of May 1948, Huang Yanpei received an invitation letter from the Communist Party of China to the CPPCC meeting. Chiang Kai-shek naturally did not want to see such a situation, he sent spies to monitor day and night, and ordered that Huang Yanpei must be found to have signs of leaving Shanghai, and immediately arrested, and once arrested, immediately killed.
Holding the invitation letter but not being able to attend the meeting, this made Huang Yanpei anxious, at this time, Huang Jingwu thought of a clever plan.
On this day, the Huang Mansion was lit up, and everyone came to celebrate Huang Yanpei's 71st birthday. At the end of the birthday banquet, Huang Yanpei and his wife Yao Weijun went out to see off a distinguished guest, and the two came to the guest's home by car at the invitation of the guest. The spies followed, and just as they were waiting impatiently and wanted to rush in to check, Huang Yanpei and his wife went out and returned home.
After that, the spies stared at Huang Yanpei like ghosts, and just when they thought they had successfully completed the task, the news of Huang Yanpei's participation in the meeting came from Beiping. In astonishment, the spies rushed into Huang's house, only to find that the "Huang Yanpei" they had been eyeing was pretending to be Huang Jingwu, who looked very similar to him.
Knowing the truth, Mao Renfeng was furious and immediately ordered someone to kill Huang Jingwu.
On May 12, Huang Jingwu left his family, said goodbye to his wife, and went to work, and as soon as he stepped into the 404 office of the central bank, he was arrested by agents of the Kuomintang Secret Bureau who were ambushed in it.
In order to cover up people's eyes, the Kuomintang spies blindfolded him and his mouth, secretly escorted him out of the central bank, and went to Huang Jingwu's house that afternoon to search for him.
The spies thought that they were unaware, but in fact, our party comrades had already known about it, and when they learned that Huang Jingwu had been arrested, Mao Zedong immediately ordered Zhou Enlai and Li Kenong to rescue him at all costs.
At that time, the person in charge of guarding Huang Jingwu was Mao Renfeng's nephew Mao Sen, and when he learned that this person was extremely greedy for money, our party comrades decided to save Huang Jingwu from prison at any cost.
Knowing that our party was willing to pay any amount of ransom, Mao Sen's eyes lit up and he immediately agreed. Just as Mao Sen was thinking about the lion's big mouth, he suddenly received an order from Mao Renfeng, "Kill Huang Jingwu". Mao Sen was afraid, he didn't want any money anymore, he didn't dare to release the person Mao Renfeng wanted to kill, he was afraid that Mao Renfeng would be angry with him.
In the prison of the Secret Bureau, Huang Jingwu was subjected to inhuman torture, one of his eyeballs was gouged out, his legs were broken, the nails of his hands were all pulled out, he fainted again and again, and was woken up again and again by cold cold water.
In the wanton laughter of the spies, Huang Jingwu was full of holes, but he relied on superhuman willpower, gritted his teeth, and swore to death that he would not tell the information of our party's Shanghai underground party. The spies got impatient, and as the sound of the PLA's artillery to liberate Shanghai became clearer and clearer, the spies began to massacre.
On the night of May 17, every twenty minutes, a person was taken away, and the eighth was Huang Jingwu. The night before dawn was dark, and Huang Jingwu closed his eyes forever in the rumbling cannons, he brought light, but passed by the dawn.
After Huang Jingwu died, Zhou Enlai personally went to Huang's house to offer condolences and asked Huang Yanpei to "go out of the mountains as an official" for New China.
Being an official is undoubtedly a "clear name" for Huang Yanpei. As an industrialist and politician, Huang Yanpei has a high prestige in China's industrial and commercial circles, but he has two "clean names" in his life, one is not an official, and the other is not to accumulate wealth.
He once went to Nanyang six times and raised huge sums of money, but he did not leave a penny for himself, and he also refused the Kuomintang twice in a row to appoint him as the chief of education.
Therefore, after hearing Zhou Enlai's suggestion, Huang Yanpei politely refused, "I am seventy-two years old and I can't be an official anymore." ”
Zhou Enlai was not surprised, he said sincerely: "This is not an official of the old era, but a service for the people." Huang Yanpei heard these five words for the first time, and he knew very well the meaning of them, the party represented by the person in front of him was the people's party, and the official he wanted to be was to do things for the people. Under Zhou Enlai's gaze, Huang Yanpei smiled and nodded, and he decided to "go out of the mountain." ”
On October 19, 1949, Huang Yanpei officially became the vice premier of the New China Government Council and became the deputy of Zhou Enlai, the premier of the Government Council. Fifty-three years later, Huang Jingwu's son, Huang Mengfu, was elected vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Both grandparents and grandchildren are vice-state-level cadres and have made tremendous contributions to the mainland's socialist construction.
Mr. Huang Yanpei passed away in 1965, among his relics, there is a photo of Huang Jingwu, the blank space on which is Huang Yanpei's handwriting, "Every time we walk past Tiananmen Square in Beijing, we see the high monument to the people's heroes, and think of the thousands of people who sacrificed their lives for the interests of the country and the people, and one is you." ”