"Regent" and "Ministers of Orphans" and "Ministers of Care" (8)
▓ Bundle of spring
8. Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, Tan Daoji, Xie Hui: Liu Song's "Minister of Care" in the Southern Dynasty turned out to be a "Minister of Death"
In 420 AD, Liu Yu became the emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and established the Liu Song Dynasty, known as the "Song Wu Emperor" in history, and the "Southern Dynasty" of the "Northern and Southern Dynasties" in history began with Liu Yu as the emperor.
Liu Yu was a native of Suiyuli (now Feng County, Xuzhou) in ancient Pengcheng County, and was a descendant of Liu Jiao, the younger brother of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty and the Yuan King of Han Chu. In June of the second year of the reign of Emperor Gong of the Jin Dynasty Sima Dewen Yuanxi (420), he accepted Sima Dewen's "Zen concession" and became the emperor, but he died after only 3 years as emperor.
(1) Liu Yu passed on the crown prince Liu Yifu and appointed four ministers for the new emperor.
According to the "Book of Song: Emperor Wu Benji" records, in May of the third year of Yongchu (422), "the emperor was very ill", Liu Yu was seriously ill, and urgently sent someone to summon the crown prince Liu Yifu (that is, later Emperor Shaodi of Song) to come to his side, and personally wrote an edict, which has a famous sentence that has revolutionary significance for how to deal with the relationship between the royal family and foreign relatives: "If there is a young lord in the future, the prime minister of the court affairs will be the prime minister, and the queen mother will not be troubled by the court." "Put an end to the phenomenon of the queen mother's "drooping and listening to the government" to appear again, and the prime minister will assist the young emperor.
Liu Yu earnestly admonished Liu Yifu: "Although Tan Daoji has a strategy, he has no ambitions" and "Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang are no different." Xie Hui has been conquest for several years, and he is quite aware of the changes, if there are similarities and differences, he must be this person. It goes without saying that Sikong Xu Xianzhi, Zhongshu Ling Fu Liang, leading general Xie Hui, and Zhenbei general Tan Daoji have been appointed as "ministers of life" at the same time. "The Book of Song: The Biography of Xu Xian" also records that Liu Yu died in the West Hall at the age of 59 at the age of 59. The new emperor Liu Yifu, who had to be assisted by these four people, was 17 years old.
According to the records of the Book of Song and the Book of Young Emperors, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty Liu Yu had his first son Liu Yifu when he was 43 years old in the second year of Jin Yixi (406). It is said that when Liu Yifu was ten years old, he "had the strength to travel, was good at riding and archery, and interpreted the rhythm of music", not only had great strength, beyond ordinary people, but also was very proficient in horseback archery, and had a talent in competition and musical art. After Liu Yu established the Song Dynasty, he made Liu Yifu the crown prince, making him the natural heir to the throne.
After Liu Yifu became the emperor, in accordance with his father's will, he took Fu Liang as the secretary of the book, Xu Xianzhi, the leading generals Xie Hui and Fu Liang, directly assisted the government in the imperial court, and Tan Daoji, as the general of Southern Yanzhou and Zhenbei, defended national security on the front line.
In the second year, that is, in the first month of the spring of 423 AD, Liu Yifu granted amnesty to the world and changed the yuan to "Jingping". In July, he issued an edict honoring his biological mother "Mrs. Zhang" as the queen mother.
(2) The new emperor only ordered the minister to launch a palace coup d'état because of "many mistakes".
The good times did not last long, and in April and May of the second year of Jingping (424), Liu Yifu, who was the emperor, made many mistakes that the emperor should not have made and had serious immorality because of "many mistakes in his residence". Coupled with the continuous invasion of the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties, the land of the Liu Song Dynasty was seriously lost, and the dividing line between the Northern and Southern Dynasties retreated to the line of the Huai River.
Liu Yifu is the successor of Liu Yu before his death, and he is the second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, it stands to reason that being the emperor at the age of 17 is no longer a "young master", and he can provoke the emperor's heavy responsibility, but Liu Yifu may not be born to be an emperor's material, and he was born with a stubborn character, even his biological mother, the empress dowager "Mrs. Zhang" was disappointed.
The ministers have made up their minds, and the next step is to try to capture the "brigade" emperor Liu Yifu.
In April of the second year of Jingping, Xu Xianzhi and others in the south of Yanzhou Thorn Shi Tan Daoji were the old generals of the first dynasty, with heavy troops, and subdued the palace province, so they summoned Tan Daoji and Jiangzhou Thorn Shi Wang Hong, and let them enter Beijing in the name of mourning the emperor. In May, Tan and Wang both went to the capital to Jiankang, and Xu Xianzhi informed the two of the many misdeeds of Emperor Liu Yifu, preparing to launch a coup d'état, deposing Liu Yifu, and appointing Liu Yu's third son, Liu Yilong, who was then the king of Yidu, as emperor. Tan and Wang readily agreed. A palace coup d'état began to be actively planned in secret, and in this regard, the emperor Liu Yifu, who only knew naughty pleasures, did not want to make progress, and had no intention of national politics, was still completely in the dark.
So, on the grounds that the house of the military mansion was dilapidated, Xie Hui ordered his family to go out to live, and only gathered soldiers in the mansion to stand by at any time. He also did the ideological work of Xing Antai and Pan Sheng, who were scholars in Tongzhong, and let the two of them serve as internal responses. Because everyone felt that Liu Yi Fude was unworthy, if he was allowed to continue to be the emperor, the newly established Liu Song regime was very likely to be cut off.
Because he had to act at night, Tan Daoji lived in the Leader's Mansion and shared a room with Xie Hui, and the two of them discussed and discussed together, strengthening their courage, after all, this is to arrest the emperor, and this young emperor is also very strong and hard-working, and it is not easy to subdue.
This night, Xie Hui was "terrified and couldn't sleep", his heart was trembling, and he couldn't sleep at all. Look at Tan Daoji again, he was born as a martial artist, killing people is a common thing, he didn't take this seriously at all, "just sleep, he is familiar", and he snored loudly when he leaned his head against the pillow. As a result, Xie Hui admired the demeanor of the general and the depth of the city government when Tan Dao encountered major events, and had to be convinced.
In the early morning of the next day, the "capture the emperor" operation began, Tan Daoji and Xie Hui led the troops in the front, and Xu Xianzhi and others followed, entering the Yunlong Gate from Dongye Gate, and marching towards Hualin Garden, where Emperor Liu Yifu often had fun. Because they had bought off Xing Antai and Pan Sheng, the people of the Zhongshu House in advance, and they had greeted the guards who were in charge of the emperor's rest and safety, the "Capture the Emperor" special operation team marched smoothly without encountering any resistance and soon approached Liu Yifu's residence. As the emperor, Liu Yifu has become a turtle in the middle of the coffin, and it is a matter of time before he was captured alive by the ministers.
(3) The Royal Forbidden Garden Hualin Garden, Liu Yifu's nightmare land.
In addition, Liu Yifu often haunts the Hualin Garden, is the imperial garden of the Eastern Wu, the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Song Qi Liang Chen six dynasties, was built in the Three Kingdoms Sun Wu period, at that time called "Yuan City", located in the east and north of the Taichu Palace of the Sun Wu Imperial Palace, is the royal garden of the Eastern Wu and the palace guard camp. In 330 AD, Emperor Sima Yan of Jin Dynasty imitated the Hualin Garden in Luoyang, built Jingyang Mountain, Tianyuan Pond, Huaguang Hall and other scenic spots, and renamed the "Yuancheng" as "Hualin Garden" to express the feeling of missing the old capital of Luoyang.
In 396 A.D., Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty dredged the pond in Hualin Garden, stacked stones and piled soil for the mountain, and tried his best to create a mountain forest environment that is "like nature" and rich in mountain feelings, and added and repaired high eaves flying buildings such as Qingxia Hall and Yanxian Hall, so that Hualin Garden completely became an ideal place for the imperial court to feast and drink and recreation and live in the court. At the same time, at that time, there were gardens such as Shanglin Garden and Leyou Garden around Xuanwu Lake, and the location of Hualin Garden was about the area of the National Government Examination Institute south of Xuanwu Lake, and there was no doubt that it was connected with the waters of Xuanwu Lake.
After Liu Yifu became the emperor, he did not think about national politics and did not care about the people's feelings, and regarded Hualin Garden as a place for pleasure and debauchery. In order to seek more excitement, as the emperor, he actually played the game of "Lieshi", that is, "setting up a stall" and "opening a shop" in Hualin Garden, he "personally sold", shouting and selling, letting people around him pretend to be customers to shop, and bargaining, so as to have fun. As the emperor, although Liu Yifu died tragically and early, he can also be said to be the earliest advocate and practitioner of the "immersive" performance style.
Liu Yifu also did not hesitate to use the people's power to "open up the desecration and gather soil", imitating the "Pogang Dai" (also known as "Po Dun" and "Po Dun Desecration"), which was located in today's Danyang and could communicate the water transportation channel between Taihu Lake and Jianye in Beijing at that time, and mobilized a large amount of people's power to excavate the water surface, and "lead the boat to sing and shout" in the water with the people around him. It seems that the 17-year-old emperor is not completely mentally sound, and he is still an out-and-out "player" who does not do his job, has no governing philosophy, and has no sense of power.
In the evening of this day, Liu Yifu took the people around him to the "Tianyuan Pool" to take a dragon boat to play. When I was tired of playing, I simply spent the night on the dragon boat. He thought he was living a chic life as he pleased, but he didn't know that the end of his life had quietly come, because on this night, his ministers were really going to "take care of his life". Although the relationship between the two of them is that of a king and a minister, it has become a relationship of cat and mouse, because one of the two sides is in the light and the other is in the dark, one side is prepared and the other is unaware, one side is fully armed and the other is bare-handed, one side is outnumbered and the other side is alone. The outcome of the two sides has long been a foregone conclusion.
In the early morning of the next day, when it was dawning, the "Emperor Capture" special operation team had quietly approached Tianyuan Pool. The soldiers quickly boarded the dragon boat, divided five by two, and killed Liu Yifu's two personal guards. Liu Yifu woke up from the dream, found the murder, and wanted to fight hard, but it was too late, the nightmare had come, and in the resistance, his finger was cut by the soldiers, and the blood flowed, so he had to be caught.
Since Liu Yifu was still the emperor, the soldiers wanted to live, so they helped Liu Yifu out of the dragon boat and escorted him to the east pavilion of the palace, and the ministers just bowed to him politely. Xu Xianzhi took back the jade ribbon dedicated to the emperor and confiscated the "artifact" that symbolized the emperor's power. At the same time, Xu Xianzhi read out the "Empress Dowager's Order" on his behalf, announcing that Liu Yifu would be abolished as the king of Yingyang. Liu Yifu was temporarily escorted to the former Prince's East Palace and placed under house arrest.
On the same day, the Empress Dowager ordered the seal to be returned to the Empress Dowager for the time being. Tan Daoji was ordered to "enter the court". The ministers unanimously supported Liu Yilong, the king of Yidu, as the new emperor, which was later Emperor Wen of Song. In July, Fu Liangshuai traveled to Jiangling (now Jingzhou, Hubei) to meet Liu Yilong. In August, Liu Yilong drove back to Luan Jiankang by law, entered the palace, and the front hall of the imperial Taiji. Amnesty to the world, change the yuan "Yuanjia". The third emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty was propped up to the Jinluan Palace in a palace coup initiated by the Minister of Gu Ming.
(4) Liu Yifu's "evil" was monstrous and obvious, and the "King of Yingyang" Changmen was killed.
Besides, Liu Yifu, whose identity had been reduced to "King of Yingyang" at this time, was soon transferred and escorted to Wu County (now Suzhou) to be completely imprisoned. However, on the June Ugly Day of that year, Xu Xianzhi instructed Xing Antai, a member of the Zhongshu House, to kill Liu Yifu in Jinchangting (now Changmen, Suzhou) in Wu County. When the killer came to inflict harm, because Liu Yifu was already brave and vigilant, the killer was not able to subdue him. "Wang Duoli, suddenly walked out of Changmen, and the pursuer killed him with the door closed." Liu Yifu desperately resisted and counterattacked, and after breaking free from the fight, he quickly fled for his life in the direction of Changmen (Changmen), but in the end, the pursuer hit him with a thrown latch and knocked him down, and the killer who caught up quickly stepped forward and killed him. Liu Yifu was killed at the age of 19, known as "Song Shaodi" in history. He reigned for about 3 years.
Why was Liu Yifu "killed" by the ministers who "took care of his life"? Our "excesses" can be known through the "excesses of the emperors" in the "Decree of the Empress Dowager" read out by Xu Xianzhi. The "Queen Mother's Order" has four main contents:
The first is to express disappointment that Liu Yifu is difficult to take on the important task. Liu Yu, the founding emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty, unfortunately returned to heaven with a crane, and Liu Yifu, as the crown prince, ascended the throne, and should inherit the unfinished business of the previous emperor to lead the people to create a better life, but he did many rebellious things, which was unbelievable and disappointed the government and the public. His text said: "The royal family does not create, the natural disaster is not repented, the first emperor started a business and abandoned the world." Liu Yifu's eldest heir, belongs to the heavenly position, it is not a ferocious and extremely contradictory, as far as this goes. Because of his lack of virtue and "extreme rebellion", he must be pulled down from the emperor's throne.
The second is Liu Yifu's immorality and "evil", mainly in four points:
(1) During the "mourning" period of the death of the old emperor Liu Yugang, Liu Yifu not only did not have the slightest sadness and longing, but was happier and happier than usual, and his words and demeanor showed a festive mood; he ate delicious food, water and land treasures, which was much higher than usual; at the same time, he also summoned Haiyou people to Yuefu, singing and dancing, and the sound of orchestral playing was endless. The text said: "The great line is in the funeral, the universe is sorrowful, the gloating is in the paradox, and the joy is in the sorrow." To recruit the music house, the dove gathers the officials, advocates the orchestra, is not ready to play, cherishes the shame and sweet food, and has weekdays. ”
(2) Regardless of rank, living a promiscuous life, having children with a palace maid, and having no sense of shyness and self-blame. Especially when the "Empress Dowager" Empress Xiaoyi Xiao (the stepmother of Emperor Liu Yu of the Song Dynasty) died at the age of 81 in the first year of Jingping (423), as the emperor of the grandchildren, Liu Yifu was still singing, playful and laughing when he was at the funeral of the "Empress Yi". If the text says: "Adopt the concubine and give birth to the palace, 靦 (miǎn) is not done, and the ugly voice is everywhere." And Yi collapsed his back, added heavy heavenly punishment, and sang and shouted with the left and right, pushed the Zi Palace, slapped his palms and laughed, and the palace was heard. ”
(3) Playing with a group of small men day and night, without the etiquette of kings, ministers, men and women; they like to do lowly and vulgar things, and build or destroy civil engineering projects at will, resulting in the emptiness of the state treasury, the difficulties of the people's livelihood, and the people's resentment. His text says: "Day and night, a group of small slow plays, thousands of plans, thousands of costs, empty treasures, manpower exhausted", "through the pond to build a view, the dynasty into the twilight ruin, the requisition of craftsmen, tired of the people", "in the position of the emperor, the battle of the good soap, the respect of ten thousand times, the pleasure of the matter".
(4) The abuse of criminal law and punishment methods has led to an increase in the number of criminals in the country, imprisonment in all directions, and boiling public resentment; sometimes he personally whips the prisoners, and sometimes he beats the innocent in front of the public, so as to make amusement, seriously tarnish the reputation of the royal family, and damage the image of the emperor. His text says: "The punishment is harsh, and the number of prisoners is increasing day by day", "Personally whipping, beating the innocent, thinking that it is laughing".
The third is that Liu Yifu's "ungentlemanly" and "evil" behaviors have reached a dangerous point where people and gods are angry and the society is about to fall. Therefore, according to the story of Liu He, the ninth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, who was deposed as the "King of Changyi", that is, the "Marquis of Haidu", and Sima Yi, the deposed emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was demoted to the "Duke of Haixi", Liu Yifu was abolished as the "King of Yingyang". If the text says: "Sighing from far and near, people and gods are angry, and the society is about to fall, how can it be restored to guard the flood industry and reign over all nations? ”
The fourth is to appoint Liu Yilong, the general of Zhenxi and the king of Yidu, as the emperor. The text said that Liu Yilong was "benevolent and filial piety, written since childhood." Virtue and purity, sincerity and clarity", "it is advisable to compile Hongtong, visit billions of trillions". The empress dowager called herself a "surviving person", and when she met an unassuming emperor like Liu Yifu, who brought so many disasters to the country, she felt that she was also "alive and dead", and felt that her life seemed to have come to an end, so she hoped that "the master would follow the allusions in detail and welcome Liu Yilong in time" to come to Beijing and govern the court as the emperor.
It is precisely because of the "Empress Dowager's Order" that the "life-taking" behavior of Xu Xianzhi and other "ministers who care for their lives" seems to have legitimacy, Liu Yilong's ascension to the throne is compliant, and the royal majesty seems to have been protected.
(5) The trend of "killing the king" cannot be long, and Liu Yilongen will take revenge and kill "Gu Life".
After Liu Yilong ascended the throne, he granted amnesty to the world, and added officials to the civil and military officials who supported him as the emperor, and each of them was given a second-class position. As the minister of the former emperor Liu Yifu, Sikong, Lu Shang Shushi, and Yangzhou Assassin Xu Xianzhi were promoted to Situ, Zhongshu Supervisor, Protector General Fu Liangjia Zuo Guanglu Doctor, Kaifu Yitong Three Divisions, Zhenbei General, Southern Yanzhou Thorn Shi Tan Dao Jijin Zhengbei General, Fujun General, Jingzhou Thorn Shi Xie Hanjin Wei General. According to the records of the Book of Song and Emperor Wen, it was not until the first month of the spring of the second year of Yuanjia (425) that Situ Xu Xianzhi and Shangshu ordered Fu Liangcai to "return to the government", and Liu Yilong began to "personally visit" the government.
But in the first month of the spring of the third year of Yuanjia, Emperor Liu Yilong issued an edict and began to liquidate the crimes of Xu Xianzhi, Fu Liang, and Xie Hui for killing the monarch. The edict pointed out: "The provocation of the rebels, the exaltation of violence, the sorrow of the gentleman, the struggle of the righteous people, the shame of the family and the country, can be obtained and snowed." Xu and Fu were sentenced for being in the capital, "guilty of ambush", that is, for the "crime of abolition" of killing the emperor Liu Yifu.
Xu Xianzhi was "killed in the pottery stove" at that time, and his sons Xu Qiaozhi and Xu Qinu were also "punished". Fu Liang was captured alive during the escape, and was "ambushed" by Tingwei. At that time, Emperor Liu Yilong asked the Zhongshu people to take the edict to see Fu Liang in advance, which included "with the sincerity of Gongjiangling, the sons should be safe", expressed gratitude to Fu Liang for going to Jiangling to meet him, and promised not to kill Fu Liang's children.
In order to kill Xie Hui, Emperor Liu Yilong actually adopted various methods to defeat Xie Hui and sent Xie Hui's most trusted Tan Daoji to lead troops to arrest him. Xie Hui was defeated and executed by the "Threshold Sent to Beijing".
However, in the thirteenth year of Yuanjia, Tan Daoji was added to the crime of "because of my illness and wanton evil intentions" because of his high merits, and his son Tan Zhi and other eight people were "ambushed and punished by Tingwei", and his other three sons Tan Yi, Tan Yong, and Tan Yan were sentenced at the same time.
At this point, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty Liu Yilong can be said to have avenged his former imperial brother Liu Yifu for his "life", so that the royal dignity has been maintained.
As Liu Yu's third son, Liu Yilong, when he ascended the throne in the second year of Jingping, that is, the first year of Yuanjia (424), was 18 years old, and the age difference between him and Liu Yifu was only 1 year. Liu Yifu only served as emperor for three years, and finally died unexpectedly and was killed by his courtiers, while Liu Yilong later ruled for 30 years, making him the longest-reigning emperor of the Liu Song regime in the Southern Dynasty. It can be seen that in the feudal dynasty's "hereditary system" and "family world" national system, the disadvantages of the primogeniture inheritance system are inevitable, and it is not immutable. However, the crime is in vain, the rabbit is dead and the dog is cooked, the emperor is supreme, and he is punished at every turn, how can it not be the embodiment of Liu Yilong's mastery of the ministers. (To be continued)
Shu Youchun April 22, 2024 in Jinling Sihezhai