The official account that has recently been followed mentioned the technologies that engineers may need to pay attention to such as FPGAs, ASICs, and signal processing algorithms in the fields of mobile communications and satellite communications, including MVDR algorithms, high-speed baseband chips, RF chips, millimeter-wave active phased array antennas, and wireless AI.
1 MVDR algorithm
Sound source localization is an array signal processing system, because only one microphone receives the sound and we cannot get the direction information of the sound. Direction-of-arrival estimation, also known as DOA estimation, can be achieved using microphone arrays. One of the methods of DOA estimation is to calculate the time difference between different elements to deal with it, and one of the classic algorithms in this method is MVDR.
The basic idea of the MVDR algorithm is as follows:
(FFT algorithm: FFT is an abbreviation for Fast Fourier Transform, which means Fast Fourier Transform.) It is obtained by improving the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithm. FFT is not a new transformation method, but a fast implementation algorithm of DFT. DFT plays an important role in digital signals, and has been widely used in signal processing such as speech signal processing, image transmission, radar, and seismic wave analysis
: Digital Beamforming (DBF) algorithm is a technique used for signal processing of antenna arrays, which can be received by docking
Principle: The principle of the MVDR algorithm is based on the minimum variance criterion, which estimates the spatial covariance matrix of the interference signal and uses the estimation to calculate the weight vector, so as to achieve signal suppression. The core idea is by adjusting the weight vectors
Application: [Signal Detection] Detect multiple human vital signs based on MVDR algorithm
Application of MVDR method in the field of signal frequency estimation: It is used in wireless positioning technology to provide location information for users in mobile communication networks
There is a dissertation related to FPGA: Modern Spectral Estimation MVDR Algorithm Burg Algorithm FPGA Technology Degree year: 2016
2 High-speed baseband chips
Apply:
According to the planning of the FPGA high-speed optical fiber communication baseband board, the overall architecture of the 5G base station is BBU+AAU/RRU 2-layer architecture.
In the future, 5G BBU devices can improve carrier and data stream processing capabilities and support multi-mode platforms by upgrading 5nm/3nm processes, optimizing ASIC designs, enhancing baseband chip capabilities, and introducing higher-performance multi-core processors and FPGAs.
FPGAs have been used for a long time in the field of communication. It is also used for core network encoding and protocol acceleration.
3 RF chips
For communications, radar and other radio industries, it can bring many advantages to the entire narrowband system:
The advent of RF-FPGA has made it possible:
The new generation of RF-FPGA integrates RFADC, which does not require high-speed JESD204 or LVDS interface between ADC and FPGA. Direct through a parallel interface with a maximum 500MHz clock cycle, 256 bits. The entire digital receiving system saves a lot of power consumption and PCB area, while also reducing the latency of the JESD204 interface.
In terms of hardware design, the use of digital DDC provides greater flexibility. System designers can now platform ADC and FPGA-related hardware designs and then:
4 mmWave active phased array antenna
The millimeter-wave phased array chip, a key core component of broadband satellite communication and 5G millimeter wave communication, has always been expensive, which has affected its commercial promotion.
5 Wireless AI
Wireless AI refers to wireless artificial intelligence, that is, a new artificial intelligence technology system that is endogenous to the future (6G) wireless communication system and presented through wireless architecture, wireless data, wireless algorithms and wireless applications
This has led to the vigorous development of wireless AI technology. Wireless AI will be one of the most permeable core technologies in the future 6G, involving all levels of air interface, network, protocol and algorithm, and will also deeply affect network functions such as perception, communication, computing, and control.
AI/ML技术发展的同时，无线通信系统也在持续高速发展中。 第5代移动通信（5G）支持增强移动通信（enhancedmobilebroadband,eMBB）、超高可靠低时延（ultra-reliablelowlatencycommunications，uRLLC）和海量机器类型通信（massivemachinetypecommunications，mMTC）等三大应用场景。
The wireless communication system of the future will inevitably move to. Existing research work has shown that many other aspects have important application potential.