Qing extinguished the route of the Hongguang court of the Southern Ming Dynasty
The late Ming and early Qing dynasties were an important node in the history of the mainland, when faced with the entry of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, countless people with lofty ideals chose to destroy their families in order to keep the clothes and crowns of the Han family, and they did not hesitate to sacrifice their lives to fight against the Qing army to the end. But at the same time, there are also some people who have forgotten their ancestors, who are willing to serve the tiger for the sake of glory and wealth, kill their colleagues, and even regard the monarch as a gift for themselves to serve the new dynasty. The typical characters among these people are the two subordinates of the Southern Ming Hongguang Imperial Court, Jingnan Hou Huang Degong, and Tian Xiong.
Ma Degong was a native of Liaodong and Tian Xiong was a native of Xuanfu, both of whom were promoted to the post of chief soldier in the late Ming Dynasty with their military exploits, and were subordinate to Huang Degong, one of the four towns in the north of the Southern Ming Dynasty.
Ming Dynasty Jingnan Hou Huang degong
In the first month of the first year of Hongguang of the Southern Ming Dynasty (1645 AD), after Duoduo, the prince of Yu of the Qing Dynasty, defeated Li Zicheng's Dashun army in Shaanxi, he led troops south to attack the Hongguang regime of the Southern Ming Dynasty according to the original plan. At the same time, Zuo Liangyu, the Nanhou of Nanmingning, who was stationed in Wuchang, did not dare to fight with Li Zicheng's troops who had retreated east to the Huguang area, so he used the "fake prince case" to wave his army eastward under the pretext of "Qing Jun's side" and marched to Nanjing. Although Huang Degong and his subordinates Ma Degong, Tian Xiong and others later defeated Zuo Mengeng's troops in Tongling (Zuo Liangyuzi, Zuo Liangyu died of illness when he went east to Jiujiang, Zuo Liangyu's generals elected Zuo Mengeng to lead the army on behalf of his father. The danger of the western line of Nanjing was relieved.
However, the Qing army also took advantage of the lack of strength in the Nanming Jianghuai defense line, successively captured Xuzhou, Sizhou, Yangzhou and other prefectures and counties, and crossed the Yangtze River on the ninth day of May in the first year of Hongguang (1645 AD) to defeat the Nanming Fangjiang Water Division, and went straight to Nanjing through Zhenjiang. On the day after the Qing army crossed the river, Zhu Yousong, the Hongguang Emperor, fled into the Wuhu Huang Degong army with only a small number of escorts without consulting with the minister.
Prince Duoduo of Qingyu
On the side of the Qing army, after entering Nanjing on 17 May, the commander of the Qing army, Duoduo, immediately sent the general Liu Liangzuo, together with Dorobelenikan, the commander of the escort army, Tulai, Gushan Ezhen Ashan, Gushan Beizi Tunqi, and Hefu to lead the troops to pursue Emperor Hongguang to Wuhu through Taiping.
After Emperor Hongguang fled to Huang Degong's army, Huang Degong knew that he could not do anything, but he was still determined to fight to the death with the Qing army. Soon the Qing army also chased to Huang Degong's camp under the guidance of Liu Liangzuo, Huang Degong first executed the envoy sent by Liu Liangzuo to surrender, and then led his subordinates Ma Degong, Tian Xiong, Weng Zhiqi and others out of the camp to fight, but Ma Degong and Tian Xiong had already secretly communicated with Liu Liangzuo to prepare to surrender to the Qing. They took advantage of Huang Degong's unpreparedness in front of the formation, and suddenly shot an arrow in Huang Degong's throat (one said that Liu Liangzuo's subordinates shot it), Huang Degong knew that he was unable to return to the sky, drew his sword and killed himself. Huang Degong's troops were also defeated by the Qing army after the death of the main general, and his subordinates Zhuge Jinming, the Chinese army Weng Zhiqi, the general soldiers Deng Linzu, Yang Biao, and the garrison Wang Dongri died together with Huang Degong. The chief soldiers Bu Congshan, Qiu Yue, Yu Yongshou and others led their troops to surrender to the Qing Dynasty, and Huang Fei, Huang Binqing, and Fang Guoan were defeated and fled.
Nanming Hongguang Emperor
After Ma Degong and Tian Xiong attacked and killed the commander, they captured Hongguang Emperor Zhu Yousong and surrendered to the Qing army for the sake of glory and wealth. The contemporaries recorded the scene at that time in detail: "Tian Xiong took the Hongguang Emperor on his back, and Ma Degong held the Hongguang two feet. Hongguang wept and begged the two. The two said, 'My fame is here, and I can't let you go.'" 'Hongguang hates, gnaws on the flesh of the male neck, and bleeds the clothes.
After Emperor Hongguang was presented to the Qing army by Ma Degong and Tian Xiong, he was immediately escorted to Beijing by the Qing army, and the Hongguang court perished. Emperor Hongguang himself was executed in Beijing by the Qing court the following year. Ma Degong and Tian Xiong were both awarded the post of chief soldier by the Qing court and promoted to the Han army with yellow flags by virtue of their merits in attacking and killing the commander and surrendering to the lord. Among them, Ma Degong was awarded the Zhenjiang General Army, and Tian Xiong was awarded the Hangzhou General Army.
Manchu Eight Banners
In June of the first year of Hongguang (1645 AD), although Zhu Changshu, the king of Mingzong Mulu who was in charge of the state in Hangzhou, surrendered to the Qing court after the Qing army entered Zhejiang, the power of restoring the Ming Dynasty in Zhejiang, especially in eastern Zhejiang, was still very strong. In July of the same year, after Fang Guoan, the chief soldier of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Guowei, the secretary of the military department, and Qian Sule, a member of the criminal department, supported the Ming clan and Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu, in Shaoxing, the Ming army in eastern Zhejiang gradually gathered under the banner of Lu Jianguo.
In November of the first year of Hongguang (1645 AD), Lu Jianguo worshiped Wang Zhiren and Fang Guoan as the general to lead the army to recover Hangzhou. Tian Xiong, who was the commander-in-chief of Hangzhou at that time, and Zhang Cunren, the governor of Zhejiang, and Zhang Mul, and Zhu Mala, defeated the Ming army in three ways, and there were 11 deputy generals who were captured, and 48 generals, guerrillas, capital divisions, and garrisons. After the failure of the battle of crossing the river to capture Hangzhou, the Ming army in eastern Zhejiang basically lost the ability to take the initiative to attack, and could only hold the danger according to the Qiantang River, and Tian Xiong was also promoted to the governor of Zhejiang by virtue of this meritorious service.
Tian Xiong is a native of Xuanfu
In September of the seventh year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (the fourth year of Yongli, the fifth year of Lu Jianguo, and 1650 AD), Tian Xiong and Gushan Ezhen Jinli entered the Siming Mountains of eastern Zhejiang from Fenghua and Yuyao to search for and suppress the anti-Qing rebels, and killed the rebels who were active here. In the following year, after exterminating the Ming army on the east bank of Zhejiang, Tian Xiong, Gushan Ezhen Jinli, Liu Zhiyuan, Chen Jin, the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, and Ma Jinbao, the general soldier of Jinhua, surrounded and suppressed the Zhoushan regime of Lu Jian State in three ways.
On the side of Lu Jianguo, Lu Jianguo chose to meet the Qing army with Zhang Huangyan, Zhang Mingzhen and other soldiers in two ways. In the subsequent battles, although the main forces led by Lu Jianguo and Zhang Mingzhen and Zhang Huangyan successfully blocked the Taizhou Qing army and Wusong Naval Division at sea. However, on the other hand, the commander of the Ming army, Danghu Hou Ruan Jin, was accidentally killed in a naval battle with Tian Xiong and other troops. So the Qing army went straight to Zhoushan Island, and there were only 500 battalion soldiers on Zhoushan Island at this time, and the rest were volunteers. Although the defenders tried their best to defend the city under the leadership of Anyang general Liu Shixun and Governor Zhang Mingyang, but after all, the enemy was outnumbered, and the army of Lu Jianguo who came to the rescue was blocked by Chen Jinbu, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, so Zhoushan City was finally captured by the Qing army, and the concubine of Lu Jianguo Chen, Zhang Kentang, the scholar of Lu Jianguo, Wu Zhongluan, the secretary of the Ministry of Rites, Li Xiangzhong, the secretary of the Ministry of War, Zhu Yongyou, the secretary of the Ministry of Industry, and Zheng Zunjian, the envoy of the general government, all committed suicide and died. After the fall of Zhoushan, Tian Xiong and others led the Qing army in Zhejiang to take advantage of the situation to attack the rest of the islands along the coast of Zhejiang, so that the Lu Jianguo regime had no place to settle down in the coastal areas of Zhejiang.
Tomb of Kinmen Lujian
In the same year (the eighth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the fifth year of Yongli in the Southern Ming Dynasty, and 1651 AD), the Qing court awarded Tian Xiong the title of first-class viscount according to his merits before and after, and granted him hereditary succession. After that, Tian Xiong moved to Dinghai, and made great contributions to the Qing court to resist the remnants of the Lu Jian State and the troops of Zheng Chenggong, the king of Yanping in the Southern Ming Dynasty, so the Qing court entered the title of Tianxiong as a second-class marquis in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (1661 AD). It can be said that Tian Xiong's marquis was completely obtained step by step by stepping on the corpses of the coastal anti-Qing fighters.
In the second year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1663 AD), Tian Xiong died of illness, and the Qing court posthumously awarded him the title of Taifu, nicknamed "Yiyong", and his second-class marquis title was inherited by his nephew Tian Xiangkun.
Battle of Zhoushan
In the fourteenth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1749 AD), the Qing court determined the titles of each marquis and uncle, and the marquis of Dingtian Xiong was named the Marquis of Shunyi.
It is worth mentioning that it is rumored that Tian Xiong died from a festering neck wound bitten by Emperor Hongguang. Although Emperor Hongguang had been dead for almost twenty years when Tian Xiong died, this rumor shows how much people hated Tian Xiong for betraying the monarch at that time.
Attached to the lineage of the Marquis of Shunyi: Tian Xiong (second-class marquis) - Tian Xiangkun (nephew of Tian Xiong, promoted to hereditary first-class marquis with military merits) - Tian Cunde (son of Tian Xiangkun) - Tian Guoen (son of Tian Cunde) - Tian Guorong (brother of Tian Guoen) - Qingtong (son of Tian Guorong)