In 1950, Mao Zedong was 57 years old.
At six o'clock in the morning on January 7, 1950, Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Zhou Enlai and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China:
At 1 a.m. today (7 July), Vyshinsky came to talk about three things:
(1) It can meet our requirements for purchasing aircraft gasoline.
(2) It can meet our requirements for surveying and repairing Xiaofengman hydropower embankment. The reply to the above two matters can be handed over to me tomorrow (8) day.
(3) It is suggested that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of our country issue a statement to the UN Security Council denying the legitimacy of the former Kuomintang government representative Chiang Ting-huang to continue to be China's representative to the Security Council. Vyshinsky said that if China made this statement, the Soviet Union was prepared to take action that the Soviet Union would refuse to attend the Security Council if Chiang remained as China's representative on the Security Council (and was also said to be the president of the Security Council this year). Vyshinsky used this to ask for my opinion. I immediately said that the Chinese Foreign Ministry could make such a statement. I also said that my telegram arrived in Beijing on 7 January, and that a statement signed by Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs could be sent on 8 or 9 January.
I asked him whether this telegram should be sent to the Soviet Union, Britain, the United States, France, and other members of the Security Council at the same time, in addition to the United Nations Security Council and the UN Secretary-General.
He said that it could be sent, and the Soviet Union could act according to China's telegram. He stated that he was seeking my opinion on the matter in his capacity as Foreign Minister, and I formally agreed to it. In addition to sending it to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Security Council, you are requested to send a telegram to the foreign ministries of the Soviet Union, Britain, the United States, France, and other countries by telegram before Enlai leaves on 9 July, attaching a telegram to the United Nations. The matter will be reported and whether it will be issued in time on January 9.
Jiang Tinghuang
Jiang Tinghuang (December 7, 1895 - October 9, 1965), the name of the ribbon, the pen name Qingquan, was a native of Shaoyang, Hunan (now Shaodong), a Chinese historian, diplomat, and academician of Taiwan's "Academia Sinica".
In 1911, he went to the United States to study and received a doctorate degree from Columbia University; in 1923, he returned to China to serve as the first dean of the history department of Nankai University, and became the founder of Nankai University's historiography with Liang Qichao; in 1929, he was transferred to Tsinghua University as the director of the history department, during which he reformed the history department of Tsinghua University and established a first-class historiography camp in the country. After the "September 18 Incident", he founded the "Independent Review", which attracted the attention of the high-level of the national government.
Jiang Tinghuang was the founder of the Department of History in Nankai, presided over the teaching of history for six years, and for the first time systematically constructed the curriculum system of Nankai Western historiography, playing a leading and exemplary role. He was the first to collect and research historical materials on modern Chinese diplomacy, and was the first to teach modern Chinese diplomacy in the Department of History, becoming a pioneer in the teaching and research of modern Chinese diplomatic history. He proposed to establish a new standard for the study and writing of China's diplomatic history, and formed a new school of thought that was different from traditional Chinese historiography. His books such <清史稿邦交志>as "Commentary", "Selected Materials on Modern Chinese Diplomatic History", "History of Foreign Invasions in Northeast China in the Last 300 Years", and "The Great Changes in China and the Modern World" have made important contributions to the formation of a new discipline of diplomatic history in the Republic of China.
Modern Chinese History, written in 1938, embodies his ten years of research. The historiographical framework and dynastic history system constructed in this book have led the trend of modern history research, and have been praised by later researchers, and have been called the pioneering work of modern Chinese history research. In his book, Mr. Jiang Tingdi clearly pointed out: The Chinese nation in the past 100 years has only one problem at all, that is: Will the Chinese be modernized? Can they catch up with the Westerners? Can they use science and machinery? Can they abolish the concept of our family and hometown and organize a modern nation-state? If they can, the future of our nation is bright, and if they cannot, our nation has no future. He also believes that in order for China to achieve modernization, it must not only stay at the material level, but also rise to the level of the spirit and state system, otherwise, the backward national spirit and the decadent state system will become the shackles that hinder material modernization, as evidenced by the failure of the Westernists.
To a certain extent, today's modern history research is still committed to Jiang Yanhuang's modernization research, and even repeats the discourse system and analytical framework he constructed 60 years ago. It is a pity that Jiang Yanhuang gave up his studies to enter politics and became a "diplomat" of the Kuomintang government, and disappeared from the mainland of the motherland after liberation.
In December 1935, Chiang Ting-huang left Tsinghua University as the chief of the Executive Yuan of the Kuomintang, and then engaged in foreign affairs in the Nationalist Government, and was appointed permanent representative of China to the United Nations in 1945.
Chiang Ting-huang stubbornly adhered to the anti-Soviet and anti-communist stance. At the fourth, fifth, and sixth sessions of the UN General Assembly, he repeatedly put forward the so-called "Soviet Union Accusation Bill," which was rigged by the United States and adopted at the Sixth Session of the UN General Assembly; at the same time, he also took advantage of his illegal and stolen seats to repeatedly obstruct and oppose the UN General Assembly's discussion of restoring the seat of the People's Republic of China in the UN.
It was not until 1962 that he resigned from his post as a representative to the United Nations when he served as the so-called "ambassador to the United States" of the Taiwan authorities. He died in New York on October 9, 1965, at the age of 70.
At twelve o'clock in the evening, he called Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai again:
I would like to send you the message of the statement addressed to the President of the General Assembly, the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Governments of the 10 members of the Security Council (not to Yugoslavia).
Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai's statement to the United Nations, issued on January 8, stated:
The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China considers that the presence of the representatives of the reactionary remnants of the Chinese Kuomintang in the United Nations Security Council is illegal, and advocates their expulsion from the Security Council.
At ten o'clock in the evening of January 13, Mao Zedong replied to Liu Shaoqi:
(1) Agreed to implement the requisition order of 13 January to requisition foreign barracks, and to prepare for the removal of all old US consulates in China.
(2) Agree that the Navy Management Commission will directly receive or requisition the materials left in Shanghai by the US Economic Cooperation Agency (referring to the materials stored in Shanghai by the China Branch of the US Economic Cooperation Administration, which are ready to be used to assist Chiang Kai-shek in fighting the civil war).
(3) On the issue of taking over the puppet government's assets in Hong Kong, I would like to ask you to decide on the matter after the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Central Finance Commission put forward measures, and I have no opinion on this matter.
(4) Vyshinsky came to talk tonight and suggested that the mainland send its own representatives to the United Nations to replace the Kuomintang representatives; because the struggle in the Security Council over the issue of Kuomintang representatives was quite tense at present, the Soviet Union supported the mainland's statement and advocated the expulsion of the Kuomintang representatives, and the United States, Britain, and most other countries opposed the expulsion, so China had the need to make further statements, but the time could wait for a week before sending a telegram. I agree with his suggestion, and the chief of the delegation asks the Central Committee to consider sending a telegram to the Central Committee to discuss and decide on it when he arrives.
At half past five p.m. on January 18, I called Liu Shaoqi:
(1) At 4:30 p.m. this afternoon, he had a telephone conversation with Enlai (he had already arrived in Sverdlovsk and could reach Moscow at 5 p.m. on the 20th), and felt that Zhang Hanfu (2) had something insufficient in terms of prestige, but he could be his deputy. With Luo Fu (Zhang Wentian) as the chief representative of the Chinese delegation to the United Nations, it is appropriate to draft a telegram to the United Nations, which will be sent out and publicly published tomorrow on 19 October if the Central Committee agrees.
(2) According to En, Gao Gang and Fu Chun both believed that Luo Fu could serve as a diplomatic representative, but they did not obtain Luo Fu's consent in advance. At the same time as the announcement, please send a telegram to Luo Fu, explaining that it is not time to ask for his consent, ask for his understanding, and notify him by telephone until the time of leaving for the United Nations.
(3) The completion of the appointment of the Government Committee may be done at its sixth meeting in the future. If you think it is necessary, you may invite the Deputy Chairmen of the Government and the principal responsible persons of the political parties to speak on tomorrow 19.
(4) Since Enlai was coming to Moscow, the note was in the name of Li Kenong.
5. This note, like the previous note, shall be sent after the telegram is sent and sent to the diplomats of the Soviet Union, Czech Republic, Poland, Britain, France, the Netherlands, and other countries in Beijing.
(6) When the Xinhua News Agency publishes news, it must introduce Zhang Wentian as a member of the CPC Central Committee who participated in the 25,000-mile Long March and various revolutionary work.
(7) Complaints on the handling of the situation.
On the same day, Vice Foreign Minister Li Kenong drafted a note to the United Nations, the full text of which is as follows:
On January 8, 1950, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai, sent a note to the United Nations, requesting the United Nations and the Security Council to expel the illegal representatives of the reactionary remnants of the Chinese Kuomintang. This note was received by Mr. Al Haiyi (then Secretary-General of the United Nations) and conveyed to the members of the Security Council. I would now like to inform you, Mr. President, and Mr. Secretary-General:
The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China has appointed Zhang Wentian as the chief representative of the delegation of the People's Republic of China to United Nations conferences and to the work of the United Nations, including meetings of the Security Council and its work. I also request you, Mr. President and Mr. Secretary-General, to answer my two questions, namely:
(1) When should the illegal representatives of the reactionary remnants of the Chinese Kuomintang be expelled from the United Nations and the Security Council, and I believe that the remaining representatives of such reactionary remnants in the United Nations and the Security Council are totally unreasonable and should be expelled immediately;
(2) When the legitimate delegation of the People's Republic of China, with Zhang Wentian as the chief representative, will be able to attend and participate in the work of the United Nations and the Security Council, I believe that it should promptly attend the meeting and participate in the work. Please look forward to the above items.
