Revealing the development prospect of black pine plastic pruning technology, do you want to know?
Feng Xiao
Black pine, pine is an evergreen tree, the crown is narrow conical when young, flat umbrella when old, cylindrical winter buds, silvery-white, so it is also called white bud pine. The black pine tree has a variety of shapes, has a very high artistic beauty and ornamental value, and is often used as a landscape tree. People often use the naturally growing black pine for landscape modeling, so that it grows into a black pine landscape tree with a unique charm. In addition to pruning off the excess branches, the remaining branches are mostly hung and formed, so the large black pine modeling is mainly based on hanging and pruning.
1. Growth characteristics of black pine
Black pine, the bark of young trees is dark gray, and the old ones are grayish-black, and the molt is thick and tight, and it is easy to crack into irregular patches and accumulate for aging, forming thick patches. The annual branches are pale brownish yellow, the winter buds are silvery-white, cylindrical-elliptic or cylindrical, and the apex is pointed. The cones, which are brown when ripe, bloom in April-May, and ripen in October of the following year. A bunch of 2 needles in the needle, the color is dark emerald green, the texture is firm, the length is 8~12cm, and the diameter is 1.5~2mm.
Black pine is light-loving, suitable for loose soil, humus-rich sandy and gravel soil, can withstand sea fog and sea breeze, can grow in beach salt soil, drought and barrenness, and has high resistance to stress and disease and insect resistance.
2. The basic principle of black pine modeling
2.1 The shape of black pine should be coordinated with the surrounding configuration environment
Trees are one of the elements of landscaping. The shape of the black pine must comprehensively consider the various elements of the garden environment, and it must be coordinated with the environment, otherwise even if the black pine shape is beautiful, it is a failure to be inconsistent with the environment. This 'coordination' includes whether the shape is in harmony with the garden style, whether the volume of the modeling trees is appropriate, and whether the modeling trees and the background color are appropriate.
2.2 The shape of black pine must follow the principle of aesthetics
The modeling tree can be said to be a living green sculpture, and since it is a sculpture, it must follow the aesthetic laws of proportion and scale, abstraction and figuration, contrast and balance in sculpture aesthetics. When modeling the landscape black pine, it is necessary to grasp the large outline, and the small details can be ignored temporarily, otherwise the result will be twice the result with half the effort.
2.3 The shape of black pine must follow the biological characteristics of black pine
When pruning the black pine, the biological characteristics of the black pine should be fully considered, and the modeling should generally grasp the "big relationship", and the dynamic changes of the black pine shape should be paid attention to.
3. Modeling black pine shaping and trimming material
Materials for frame support: bamboo poles, wires, PC tubes, styrofoam, etc.
Binding and fixing materials: iron wire, aluminum wire, hemp rope, plastic rope, nylon rope, etc.
Pruning tools: fruit shears, tall shears, vigorous shears, hand saws, bud shears, etc.
4. Modeling black pine plastic pruning period
Black pine goes through two phases every year: dormancy and growth. When the average temperature of the day is lower than 5 °C, the sap flow is slow, and the growth is sluggish or stopped. During the growing season of black pine, only buds, leaves, new branches, etc. are usually lightly pruned. Pruning is done during the dormant period after autumn leaves fall and before budding in spring, with emphasis on retraction and thinning, when the sap flows slowly and avoids pine resin spillage, thereby reducing the negative impact of pruning on tree growth. After budding in spring and before falling leaves in autumn, pruning for the growing season, including bud peeling, topping, tip cutting, twisting, etc., can change the growth angle of the main branch through pruning techniques.
5. Common modeling methods of black pine
5.1 Straight dry modeling
Straight stem modeling is a modeling method that uses an upright stem to make a conical shape, which is close to the natural plant shape. When modeling, the buds of the upper branches are removed and re-pruned to suppress the plant height, and the main branches should not strive for the regularity of the azimuth angle and opening angle like the general tree, but should be distributed naturally and charming.
5.2 Curved dry modeling
The curved trunk shape is generally used in young trees, using pillars, aluminum wires and other artificial means to bend the trunk, showing a natural charm. Each main branch should have an organic arrangement in direction and level.
6. Modeling black pine plastic pruning steps
One knows: know the surrounding seedling configuration and the overall environment; two looks: check the growth of the tree and the shape of the tree; three clear: clean up the diseased branches and dead branches; four prunes: cut off the excess branches (back branches, drooping branches, etc.); five changes: change the direction (broken dry, twisted) , shape the tree; six ties: tie the branches with aluminum wire to form clouds; seven tones: adjust the clouds according to the overall tree shape; eight changes: rectify and block the surrounding environment of the modeling attractions, do not interfere with each other; nine turns: turn the whole after the pruning is completed, to ensure that the four directions are landscape; ten guarantees: apply healing agents to tree wounds, reduce glue flow, and spray fungicides for protection.
7. Modeling: Black pine plastic pruning technology
7.1 Styling trimming of the trunk
The main trunk of black pine usually has two types: single trunk and double trunk, in which the double trunk usually chooses the tall main trunk and the low trunk is the secondary trunk, showing a high and low staggered shape of one positive and one oblique, one pitch and one pitch. When selecting plants, the specifications can be determined based on the thickness of the trunk and the artistry of the shape.
In the growth stage of black pine saplings, the dry diameter is 2~4cm, it is necessary to use a column or hanging to shape, the dry diameter is more than 6cm and it is not easy to bend, then it is necessary to use metal wires and screws to fix. At the same time of modeling, you can take advantage of the characteristics of the branches on the trunk to have rotational growth, obliquely plant black pine, cut off the main trunk, and select the branch with the appropriate angle from the rotational branching to extend the main thousand.
7.2 Styling pruning of branches
The modeling and pruning of branches mainly includes the removal and retention of new branches, the reasonable adjustment of branch growth direction and branch growth potential, and other whole operation management contents. The characteristics of the main trunk of black pine are more distinct, each node has 3~8 rotational branches, and 1 branch is retained when pruning, and the main trunk branches can be appropriately retained. When modeling, the overall structure of the plant, as well as their position and direction, must be fully considered, the crown shape is irregular triangle, and the basic principles of a single layer should be formed, two pieces should be divided into high and low, three pieces should be different, the whole should be perspective, and the composition should be different.
In order to correct the position and orientation of some branches of the main trunk of black pine, we can use wire to adjust the growth direction of the branches, and carry out it from the bottom to the top by hanging it. After the wire is fixed, it is wound in the same direction, and the general wire is at a 45° angle with the branch, which should not be too dense or too sparse, and the wire should be close to the trunk, not too tight or too loose.
7.3 Cultivation of the canopy pruning
After the branch modeling is completed, the skeleton is basically determined, and the pruning of the canopy can be carried out to promote the growth of branches and leaves by means of budding, topping, thinning, and leaf plucking. Pruning during the dormant period should first prune diseased branches, parallel branches, endophytic branches, etc., and then remove some old leaves to increase ventilation and light;
7.3.1 Peeling
Budding is a pruning job in which new shoots that grow in spring are plucked by hand. Because the incision will turn brown if it is cut with scissors, it can only be peeled off manually. The green buds that begin to grow in late April are green rod-shaped, and in early summer they form apical buds and leaves. Several green shoots will grow from one place, and basically two V-shaped shoots will be selected from them, and then pinched to only half the length left, and the other green shoots will be removed from the roots. If the buds are removed in mid-May, the green shoots that are half removed will grow broken branches between the nodes. If it is too late, the apical bud will not form.
7.3.2 Topping
Removing the tips of the shoots during the growing season is called topping. In order to maintain the simple and elegant tree shape of black pine, the pruning of black pine is mainly based on topping, which can be carried out 3~4 times a year, which is conducive to regulating the growth of branches and leaves, reducing nutrient loss, and cultivating thick branches and leaves.
7.3.3疏枝
The pruning method of cutting the branches of a tree from the base to reduce the crown branches is called thinning. Thinning is usually carried out in July and August, and the new branches, dorsal branches, drooping branches, and over-dense branches that sprout and grow in the current year are mainly pruned, and the pruned pine branches generally cannot exceed 1/3 of the total number of branches. Thinning can make the tree body ventilate and transmit light, concentrate nutrients, and enhance the tree's strength.
7.3.4 Leaf plucking
Leaf plucking is a pruning operation in which old leaves are removed by hand. At the same time, it can also sweep away dead leaves that are stuck in the crevices of tree branches. Clearing the branches and leaves allows sunlight to let in the gaps between the branches and prevents the branches from drying out. In autumn, when the temperature drops, it is easier to remove the old leaves, so the plucking is carried out in November and December. If there are tangled branches and overlapping branches, they need to be thinned at this time.
8. Maintenance and management of black pine after modeling
Modeling black pine should be pruned regularly to promote the healthy growth of seedlings, beautiful shape, after the initial pruning is completed, we should continue to do a good job in the later maintenance and management work to maintain the shape of the seedlings. The first is conventional pruning, the dead branches, diseased branches are cut off; secondly, under the guidance of the established modeling scheme, the shape is constantly improved, the part that grows out of the shape should be shortened, and the branches are supplemented by traction induction or shortening to promote branching in the parts lacking branches, so that the shape is fuller. For more than 1 year, the shape is basically stable, in order to avoid tightening and affecting the growth, it is necessary to adjust and dismantle the binding materials such as Bangtie line, brown rope, iron wire, aluminum wire in time, and for the newly planted black pine within 3 years, the erection rod and pull wire should be adjusted and reinforced every year.
9. Development prospects of black pine industry
Black pine is a greening tree species, which can be used as a shelterbelt to green barren mountains, can also be used for urban and rural greening, and can also be used for landscaping and courtyard bonsai, with broad development prospects. The sales market of black pine is mainly concentrated in two areas: one is the construction of coastal shelterbelts, due to the limitation of saline-alkali soil, the forest resources in these areas have been destroyed, and a large number of black pine are needed to restore, and the other is the construction of urban landscaping, in order to improve the urban environment, it is necessary to use saline-alkali tolerant plants. In addition, the survival rate of black pine container seedlings is high, and it is also a hot commodity, and large-scale black pine seedlings and black pine container seedlings have achieved remarkable results in the construction of coastal shelterbelts in some areas. The cultivation of modeling black pine follows the methods of curved trunk, oblique trunk, waterfront, cliff or jungle, etc., with a single modeling landscape tree as the mainstay, supplemented by group cultivation, combined with the production of understory root vegetation, to make up for short-term benefits.
The development prospect of the modeling black pine industry is broad, but there is also a shortage of professional pruning technicians and the uneven level of pruning technology. In order to solve this problem, on the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the professional team of black pine pruning and train technicians with high professional level; on the other hand, it is necessary to accumulate experience in practice, transform theoretical knowledge into practical ability, and continuously improve in practice. The research and exchange of modeling black pine plastic pruning technology to meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets, so that the black pine plastic art and commercialization are organically combined, improve the artistry of black pine, and enhance its utilization value, which not only reflects the high-end quality of urban greening, but also a better interpretation of the theme of ecological environmental protection.