In the World Disease Map, cardiovascular disease is like a time bomb that can take lives at any time. And in this invisible war, statins are undoubtedly a powerful shield for our health. However, there is a lot of discussion on the Internet about statins, some people praise it, and some people are wary of its side effects.
So, what exactly is this star of medicine, how does it affect our fragile blood vessels, and what are the potential risks that we need to be aware of?
What are statins?
The story starts with cholesterol. Cholesterol, which sounds a bit negative, actually plays a dual role in the human body: it is not only an important part of cell membranes, but also a raw material for the synthesis of hormones and vitamin D. However, when the blood level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, commonly known as "bad cholesterol") is too high, it will deposit plaque on the walls of blood vessels, gradually clogging blood vessels, which is one of the main culprits of atherosclerosis.
So, in the 70s of the last century, when scientists were looking for weapons to combat this process, statins were discovered. Originally derived from a fungus called Monascus, they were then synthesized to become the star drug in modern medicine to control blood lipids and prevent cardiovascular disease.
First of all, we need to know that statins are a class of lipid-lowering drugs that reduce cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting a key enzyme called HMG-CoA reductase in the liver, thereby reducing the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood. LDL is popularly known as "bad cholesterol", and their buildup on the walls of blood vessels is a major culprit in arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
The glorious story of statins
1. Protect the heart and prevent cardiovascular diseases
Because they can effectively lower "bad cholesterol", statins can reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease, including angina, myocardial infarction, etc. This drug not only lowers lipids, but also has multiple cardiovascular protective effects such as stabilizing plaques, improving endothelial function, and anti-inflammatory.
2. Stabilize blood vessels and reduce the risk of stroke
By reducing the amount of harmful lipids in the blood, statins are also able to reduce the risk of stroke. By repairing and protecting blood vessels, they make them more flexible and reduce the likelihood of blood vessel blockage.
3. Potential new uses
As research progresses, statins have also shown their potential in the treatment of other diseases, such as anti-inflammatory, neuron-protecting, and even the possibility of fighting certain cancers.
Latent risks and side effects
However, no drug is a perfect superhero. Statins, while good, have their limitations and side effects:
1. Skin and flesh symptoms
Some people who take statins may experience muscle pain or weakness. Although most of these symptoms are mild, in extreme cases myopathy or myosis may develop.
2. Affects liver function
Although rare, statins have the potential to cause liver problems. Therefore, patients taking this type of medication need to have their liver function checked regularly.
3. Metabolism and pancreatic effects
Studies have shown that long-term high-dose use of statins may be associated with poor blood sugar control and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
4. Cognitive function effects
Although very rare, there have been reports that statins may cause temporary effects on cognitive function, such as memory loss, in some people.
Who needs statin protection?
Not everyone needs to take statins. Doctors usually consider factors such as an individual's blood lipid level, risk assessment of cardiovascular disease, and family history. The following groups of people are more likely to be beneficiaries of statins:
1. People with pre-existing cardiovascular disease;
2. People with high blood pressure and high cholesterol;
3. Diabetic patients, especially those with other cardiovascular risk factors;
4. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia;
5. People who are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease in the next 10 years after risk assessment.
The golden rule for statin use
1. Work closely together and communicate at all times
If you're taking statins, make sure to work closely with your doctor. Any abnormal symptoms should be reported immediately and necessary medical examinations should be performed regularly.
2. Lifestyle is equally important
Medication is important, but even more important is a healthy lifestyle. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking are all essential to control cholesterol and protect the cardiovascular system.
3. Individualized treatment
Everyone reacts differently to statins. Your doctor will adjust the type and dosage of the medication according to your specific situation.
4. Prevent microscopic problems, early detection and early treatment
Finally, for populations with high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk, early detection and intervention are key. If you're in a high-risk group, don't wait for a problem to arise before taking action.
Statins, the patron saint of medicine, play a vital role in the cardiovascular journey of many patients. But, like all great powers, it is equally important to use them wisely and monitor their side effects. While enjoying the great benefits of statins, we should also be aware that good lifestyle habits are the cornerstone of maintaining good health. Let us use medicine rationally, cherish life, and build a healthy line of defense under the guidance of science!