On April 22, 2024, the "China Sannong Release" disclosed the information about the "Strange Supplementary Contracting Fee in Kailu County, Inner Mongolia". From the title, it is understood that the grassroots cadres who were dismissed from their posts in Inner Mongolia should indeed be "dismissed", but from the analysis of the specific content, the grassroots cadres who were dismissed understood the actual situation of rural land contracting, that is, one of the obligations of the contractor is to pay part of the income to the collective economic organization.
Inner Mongolia Kailu County's strange supplementary contracting fee
1. Before the household contracted operation, the villagers obtained a source of income
Before household contract management, the rural practice in most places was that villagers engaged in agricultural production under the organization of production teams. At present, groups that do not know the historical background of the countryside may believe that the prerequisite for villagers to obtain agricultural products from the production team is to participate in the labor of the production team.
On the contrary, in the era of the planned economy, the peasants received rations in rations, relying on their status, such as minors in the countryside, the elderly, etc. Villagers who participate in the work of the production team receive labor remuneration or wages, for example, the participation of urban and rural educated youths in the production team can be combined to calculate the length of service.
In the era of planned economy, the main source of income for villagers was the labor of participating in the production team and the income from their own mountains and land. Other side business income is usually regarded as the "tail of capitalism", for example, the investigation and punishment of the production team and kiln factory disclosed in many film and television dramas was the real situation at that time.
2. Obligations of villagers in the first and second rounds of land contracting
The first round of widespread household contract management in the country began in 1979. As the state has carried out a great deal of propaganda on land contracting in Fengyang County, Anhui Province, and other places, in addition to cultivating the land for which the land is contracted and operated, peasants can also go out to work. The first land contract was generally supported by the farmers, but the villagers mainly undertook the following:
Pay agricultural taxes, sell grain and other agricultural products to the state at the purchase price, hand over part of the profits to collective economic organizations, and undertake labor services for agricultural and other water conservancy facilities. Among them, whether the last item of labor is apportionment of labor or paid labor, no one may be clear at present. The reason for this is that when the villagers provide labor services, the production team needs to provide free meals and so on.
The duration of the first round of land contracts was 10 years, because the new agricultural population did not have contracted land, and the second round of land contracts followed the practice of the first round. In the practice of the first round of land contracting, the villagers undertook more obligations, and the second round of land contracting was actually resisted by many peasants.
In order to lighten the peasants' burdens, the practice of most grassroots governments is not to record part of the profits handed over by the peasants to the collective economic organizations in the contract contracts, but the villagers still pay agricultural taxes. After the abolition of the agricultural tax, the land under the responsibility of agricultural contracts became "fragrant and sweet", and the peasants not only cultivated the land without compensation, but also received land subsidies and other expenses.
The obligations of the villagers in the first and second rounds of land contracting
3. Ideas for large-scale agricultural production
The Rural Land Contract Law was promulgated in 2002. Accordingly, this law does not play a role in the first and second rounds of land contracting, but it is binding on the contract of newly added cultivated land. Under the circumstance that the state has abolished the agricultural tax and subsidized cultivated land, if the contractor does not hand over part of the income to the collective economic organization, there is no guarantee for the subsequent increase in population. Accordingly, the new cultivated land contract should be handed over in the same way as the way of outsourcing the "four wilderness" land.
The reason why the administrative practice of rural land contracting refers to land contracting as "wheel" includes two meanings. On the one hand, in a legal sense, agricultural land is different from construction land in that it has a fixed term. On the other hand, in a strategic sense, the "wheel" should be calculated in a unified manner, so as to achieve large-scale agricultural production, for example, the starting point of the newly increased cultivated land contract period is the beginning of the current round of contracting.
If the state and society fail to understand the strategic significance of the "wheel," the mainland's agricultural production will remain in the mode of family workshop operation for a long time. However, small-scale agricultural production methods are always in the position of "small fish and small shrimp" in the international market competition, for example, the mainland's discourse weight on international food standards is not "heavy".
In 2024, I will retire from public service, receive rations from the production team before I am admitted to university, and receive labor apportionment when I was in high school. According to the relevant regulations and the history of agricultural production, the following outlook is made for large-scale agricultural production:
First, in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of the "Resolution of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on Approving the Interim Measures of the State Council on the Retirement and Retirement of Workers," the agricultural population should be reduced and conditions should be created for large-scale agricultural production. That is, the provincial, municipal, and autonomous regional revolutionary committees shall refer to these measures for the retirement of collectively-owned enterprises, and their various benefits shall not be higher than the standards set by these measures. Village collective economic organizations can be evaluated as agricultural collective production enterprises.
Second, according to the above-mentioned "law", the compensation condition that cannot be higher is that after large-scale agricultural production, the former cooperative agricultural production provides retired farmers with food rations and other agricultural products. The compensation method is in line with the principle of surplus distribution stipulated in Article 4 of the Law on Professional Farmer Cooperatives, that is, the surplus is mainly returned in proportion to the transaction volume (amount) between members and professional farmer cooperatives.
Third, having retired farmers supervise the agricultural production process can improve food quality, or food safety standards. Since retired farmers also receive food rations as members, they are particularly concerned about the process of agricultural production, such as the resistance to genetically modified foods, which prevents large-scale agricultural production. Accordingly, food and other important agricultural products in the whole society will be truly "green" and "ecological", and at the same time, the country has also raised its voice in international food standards.
Ideas for large-scale agricultural production
As far as the grassroots cadres in Kailu County in Inner Mongolia are concerned about the payment of contract fees for the new cultivated land, the premise of the majority of villagers' objections is that the third round of contracting is still going on and the local government is still implementing the free contracting system. However, if they have lived in rural areas, the grassroots cadres know that they should make some reservations for the new rural population, that is, they cannot prevent the issuance of contracts for new cultivated land, but they should use the contract fee as the ration of the new rural population. The purpose of a lot of media hype is that family farming is easy to be manipulated by capital.