After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek launched a civil war, which lasted only 4 years, and the Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and fled to Taiwan.
Once, when talking to his confidants about national affairs, he said lonely: "I have no regrets about being defeated and fleeing to Taiwan, and listening to Stalin's nonsense is the most regrettable thing I have ever done in my life." ”
What was the connection between Chiang Kai-shek and Stalin, and what did Stalin say to Chiang Kai-shek that would make a leader regret his life in his old age?
01
A difficult war of resistance
In fact, as early as the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek and Stalin had been in contact, the Soviet Union at that time aided many pro-Soviet forces in the country, Chiang Kai-shek was among them, after the victory of the Northern Expedition, Stalin began to fight for the ownership of the "Eastern Railway", on this issue, Chiang Kai-shek was opposed, and because of this matter, the Nanjing Nationalist Government and the Soviet Union once severed diplomatic relations.
In 1937, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, China and the Soviet Union reached a consensus that Japan was the common enemy of the two countries, and at this time the Sino-Soviet non-aggression treaty was signed.
The Songhu War of Resistance put Chiang Kai-shek under great pressure, and at this time he offered assistance to the Soviet side, hoping that the Soviet Union could send troops to fight, which was immediately rejected by Stalin.
However, hindering the diplomacy of the two countries, Stalin said that the Soviet Union could help China, and we could provide as many weapons and planes as we needed, but we would not send troops.
In the end, the Soviet Union sold 297 military aircraft and 300 artillery pieces to China at a cost of nearly 500 million yuan, and then sent more than 200 pilots to China.
A Soviet pilot led 10 bombers to take off from Hankou on the mainland and attacked the Japanese base built in Taipei, which destroyed more than 40 Japanese planes and burned a large amount of fuel stored by the Japanese army.
The mainland army suffered heavy losses in the First Battle of Songhu, and then Shanghai also fell under the Japanese offensive, the Chinese army abandoned Nanjing, and the Japanese entered Nanjing and created the Nanjing Massacre.
During this period, Chiang Kai-shek had hoped that Stalin would send troops to support China, and Stalin said that if the Soviet Union sent troops, it would be very unfavorable to China's international situation, and Japan might also get the support of other countries.
In 1938, the Soviet Union and Japan signed a treaty in which the Soviet Union recognized the legitimacy of Manchukuo, which was very unfavorable to China's situation, and Chiang Kai-shek realized that China had fallen into a trap, and the mastermind of this trap was Stalin.
02
Stalin's "conspiracy"
He also wrote in his diary: "Stalin formed an alliance with Hitler at the outset because he wanted to use Hitler to eliminate the capitalist countries of Europe, and then only by eliminating Hitler could the goal of the communist world revolution be achieved." ”
At this time, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression had reached its most intense time, and the Kuomintang was under great pressure on the entire battlefield, and the soldiers fought bravely, but in the face of Japan, which had a strong military force, the Chinese soldiers suffered heavy losses, so Chiang Kai-shek felt confused.
Chiang Kai-shek could only turn to the Soviet Union for help, but Stalin still said that he could only provide technical or weapons assistance, and would not send troops to war, so in 1939 China signed a loan treaty with the Soviet Union, using the borrowed money to buy Soviet-made weapons.
At that time, China's millions of national troops were chased by tens of thousands of Japanese troops, and Chiang Kai-shek, as the leader at that time, could only endure this humiliation, and had no other way but to ask the Soviet Union for help.
In 1944, at the end of World War II, the Japanese had no way to retreat at this time, but to fight to the death, so they launched a frantic attack on the mainland, and it took only 9 months to seize a large number of positions in the hands of the Kuomintang.
At this time, the United States saw that the Chinese army it supported had little chance of winning, so it also approached the Soviet Union, hoping that the Soviet Union could send troops to help China.
At that time, the U.S. military was planning to attack the Japanese mainland, and if the Soviet Union could send troops, both China and the United States could relieve the pressure.
In December 1944, Stalin said that if Chiang Kai-shek agreed to give up sovereignty over Outer Mongolia, then the Soviet Union would send troops to support China.
As early as 1911, Outer Mongolia received military support from Tsarist Russia and declared independence to the Qing government, which was not recognized by the Qing government at that time, and later denied it by the government of the Republic of China.
Because of the special geographical location of Outer Mongolia, Stalin had long wanted to take Outer Mongolia into his pocket, and this time Stalin seized the opportunity to get Chiang Kai-shek to recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia, but in Chiang Kai-shek's heart, after giving up any inch of China's territory, he would be called a sinner.
03
The "conspiracy" began
But now only the Soviet Union sent troops to China to gain an advantage on the battlefield, which put Chiang Kai-shek in a dilemma, in February 1945, the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain held a meeting in Yalta, the topic of the meeting was about the Soviet Union's war against Japan, this matter China is a party to, but China did not participate.
The Japanese army invaded China for eight years and wanted to carve up China's territory, but Stalin took advantage of the situation at this time and asked China to declare the independence of Outer Mongolia, which was no different from aggression at all.
On June 27, 1945, Stalin and the Nationalist Government held a negotiation in Moscow, in which Stalin said that the Soviet Union would send troops to support China as long as the Nationalist Government recognized the independence of Outer Mongolia, and Stalin slammed a document on the table.
This document is the "Yalta Agreement", which has the signature of the President of the United States, which means that the conditions on the agreement can only be allowed for them to send troops if China agrees, and the agreement has the word "Lend-Lease", in Chiang Kai-shek's heart, these two words mean aggression, so they cannot be used, and finally Stalin agreed not to use these two words again.
The document also touched on the ownership of the China Eastern Railway, Dalian and other regions, and in the end Stalin made concessions, but in the end there was a stalemate on the issue of Outer Mongolia, so the negotiations were suspended.
04
There is no room for regret
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to agree to Stalin's demands and declare the independence of Outer Mongolia, at the very beginning Stalin knew that this condition was unacceptable to China, so he could only let the United States and Britain put pressure on the Chinese government, and in June 1945, the Soviet Union put forward five conditions to China.
When Chiang Kai-shek saw the contents of this agreement, he objected to the independence of Mongolia, and it was then that he realized that there must be a big secret behind the Soviet Union.
He first sent Soong Ziwen to visit US President Harry Truman, but Truman only said that he would not do anything to harm China's interests, and also explained that the Soviet Union had no ambitions and just wanted to help China.
Chiang Kai-shek complied with Stalin's request and eventually made Mongolia an independent state, and on January 5, 1946, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Shijie declared the independence of Outer Mongolia, and Mongolia became China's neighbor ever since.
In the end, Stalin kept his promise and sent troops to the northeast, defeating the Japanese Kwantung Army with lightning speed, relieving the pressure on the Chinese army on the battlefield and accelerating the speed of Japan's surrender.
After Japan's surrender, Chiang Kai-shek's first problem was the Communist Party, because only by defeating the Communist Party and implementing reunification could it be possible to recover Outer Mongolia with the support of the United States.
So he sent his son Chiang Ching-kuo to find Stalin, and after seeing Stalin, Chiang Ching-kuo first explained to him that the Chinese people were opposed to the independence of Outer Mongolia, but Stalin did not care about this, because the geographical location of Outer Mongolia was very special.
If an attack was launched from Outer Mongolia to the Soviet Union, then the Soviet Union's Trans-Siberian Railway would be cut off, and the pressure on Russia would be very great, so Outer Mongolia would be related to Russia's security.
However, Chiang Ching-kuo said that China could not attack the Soviet Union, and even if it wanted to attack the Soviet Union, China did not have the ability, but this set of arguments was difficult to convince Stalin, who retorted that after the reunification of China, it was capable of posing a threat to the Soviet Union, so now they can only demand the independence of Outer Mongolia.
At that time, you came to me for help, and it was because you didn't have the strength to drive Japan away that I made a request, so no matter what you say now, it's all in vain.
The Soviet Union controlled Outer Mongolia, which could guarantee the security of their Far East, and also encircled the Northeast to the east, which was very disadvantageous to the northern part of the continent, and China was the victor in World War II, but the territory was missing.
In the end, Chiang Kai-shek could only pin his hopes on Truman and wanted the United States to speak for him, but what Chiang Kai-shek did not know was that the United States and the Soviet Union had already reached a consensus, so the United States would not help Chiang Kai-shek.
The biggest winner of this deal is the Soviet Union, and we can see some truth from it, that is, the country is weak and has no right to speak, and only when they have their own strength, they will listen to you.
At that time, Chiang Kai-shek had no choice but to let China's territory lose in his own hands, but in fact, in the area of protecting the territorial integrity of the country, the goal of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was the same.