What are the ways HIV is transmitted?
Sexual contact: vaginal, oral or anal sex, direct contact with bodily fluids of a person living with HIV (semen, vaginal delivery, etc.);
Mother-to-child transmission: pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding;
Blood-to-blood contact: blood-borne transmission, needle sticks or accidental injuries, shared syringe drug use.
Which behaviors are at risk of contracting HIV
Sharing non-sterilized syringes and needles to inject drugs, using unsterilized or poorly sterilized medical devices (e.g., needles, acupuncture needles, dental instruments, cosmetic instruments, etc.), and sharing shaving knives and toothbrushes are at risk of HIV infection.
How many babies are infected each year without intervention
The WHO estimates that the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is 20%-45% without any intervention.
What is mother-to-child transmission of AIDS
It refers to the transmission of HIV from HIV-infected pregnant women to their children during pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation, also known as vertical transmission.
Can mother-to-child transmission of HIV be avoided?
Although mother-to-child transmission of HIV cannot be completely avoided, mother-to-child transmission of AIDS can be greatly reduced through early screening, diagnosis, timely drug intervention, avoidance of invasive procedures during delivery, reduction of sexual partners, use of condoms, and treatment for HIV-exposed children.
Testing for HIV-infected pregnant women
Before medication: HIV-1 viral load, CD4+ T lymphocyte count and other routine related tests (including blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, blood lipids, blood glucose, etc.).
During the course of medication: CD4+ T lymphocyte count and the above routine test items should be performed once every 3 months (same as above).
Third trimester: HIV-1 viral load test is performed once, and pregnancy health care related items and blood routine, liver function, biochemical tests and other tests are routinely performed, and the test results are obtained before delivery to evaluate and decide on the mode of delivery.
In areas where conditions permit, it is recommended that pregnant women can conduct drug resistance testing before taking drugs and after taking drugs for half a year to detect drug resistance early and deal with it in time.
Is HIV infection an indication for cesarean section?
HIV infection is not an indication for caesarean section. Cesarean section is not recommended for women who have started antiretroviral therapy in the first or second trimester, who take drugs regularly, who have no clinical signs of AIDS, or who have a viral load of <1000 copies/mL in the third trimester, or who are already in labor, and who have avoided emergency cesarean section.
Children born to HIV-infected pregnant women
When to start antiviral therapy
Infants should start taking antiviral drugs as soon as possible (within 6 hours) after birth.
Newborns born to HIV-positive mothers
What vaccines cannot be given
In principle, children should avoid live and live attenuated vaccines until they are infected.
How children born to HIV-infected mothers are followed
At 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age, children are followed up and physically examined, with early diagnosis within 48 hours, 6 weeks, and 3 months, and HIV antibodies tested at 12 and/or 18 months of age, and observed for the appearance of symptoms of infection.
Contributed by Wang Chunni, Ministry of Health
Audit|PR Section
Hospital Address: (Click below to start navigation)
Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital (New Hospital)
The southeast corner of the intersection of Tianjin Road and Park North Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo City, Shandong Province
Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Xingyuan Campus)
No. 11, Xingyuan East Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo City, Shandong Province
Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Huaguang Road Campus)
Near No. 39, Huaguang Road, Zhangdian District, Zibo City, Shandong Province