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Text: There is material in the big core
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Have you ever seen a red desert?
The desert soil here is red, and the mottled earth is covered with ravines, which are not like the sights that would appear on Earth, but images from outer space.
Barren and vast, this otherworldly scene is a landscape from the north of Australia.
Australia has many plains, and less than one percent of the land is more than 1,000 meters above sea level.
This may seem like a good thing: wouldn't it be more convenient to live or farm on the plains, but in reality, most of the land here is uninhabited desert.
Australia covers an area of about 7.692 million square kilometres, and the climate is by no means pleasant, but more than 95% of the land is uninhabited.
And the "culprit" of all this is human disasters, but natural disasters are also indispensable. Among them, Australia's enviable large plains are one of the "murderers".
Plains and climate
Australia is surrounded by the sea on all sides, but the climate is still drill and dry. Part of the reason for this is its latitude and longitude. It is located near the equator, partly tropical and partly temperate.
Therefore, the climate here can be called "ice and fire", where there is no grass growing everywhere desert, and the coastal area has a more pleasant climate, there is no desert at all, and there is a large area of tropical rainforest.
The next highlight is the topography. The biggest feature of Australia's topography is that there are too many plains! Nearly nine-tenths of the land here is less than 500 meters above sea level.
The highest mountain is just over 2,000 meters. Among them, the land with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters above sea level is not more than 1 percent.
It is worth noting that the land in the western region of Australia, the altitude is not high, but it is not low, most of it is between 200 meters and 500 meters, interspersed with some mountains with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters.
The central region, on the other hand, is a plain region through and through. The eastern part of the country is one of the few high-altitude areas, with peaks and highlands.
This peculiar topography, which is "long from east to west and narrow from north to south", on the one hand, hinders the flow of ocean air into the inland areas, and on the other hand, makes it difficult for the poor central and western regions to retain even if there is water vapor.
The Central Plains is the hardest hit area, because it is so peaceful that the air flow can run any way, and it can pass straight through, resulting in the weather here being incredibly stable.
As a consequence of the stable weather, there are very few heavy rains here.
On the other hand, there are no lakes and rivers in the central region, which is not conducive to the normal operation of the water cycle, and there is no place to store water vapor, so it is difficult to achieve precipitation.
When precipitation is particularly low, it becomes difficult for people to use water. In the decade of this century, there was a shortage of water for people in Australia due to low precipitation, and the government even had to issue water-saving decrees.
But if the terrain wasn't so flat, wouldn't the climate be different?
The most regrettable thing is that the land in the western region here is too awkward, neither a complete plain, nor a high altitude, so that it cannot effectively retain water vapor.
If the altitude of the western region could be "longer" a little, to three or four thousand meters, the situation would be very different. Not only will the western region be greatly changed, but the central region will also be greatly affected.
The western region is already deserted, and turning into a high-altitude mountain peak will not affect people's habitation. As it gets higher, it feeds back into the central region: it successfully traps water vapour and produces more rainfall.
Of course, there are also those who have thought about turning Australia's climate "around" in other ways. For example, if the land is moved up and the latitude is a little higher, the climate will also change greatly, and it will be far less arid than it is now.
The drought has caused many disasters to the local people, and even the local animals, and even brought about catastrophes.
Frequent droughts
Droughts are a regular occurrence in Australia, and today we will talk about some of the severe droughts that have been experienced this century. In recent years, with the adverse changes in various aspects of the climate, Australia's climate has also been affected by it, becoming
The first thing to mention is that in 2013, everyone was horrified to find out that Australia was about to experience El Niño.
Put simply, El Niño is a phenomenon that causes the sea to become warmer and the land drier. Australia, which was already arid, encountered El Niño, and it was really a house leak that happened to rain overnight.
In 2018, it was the second hottest summer on record, and the driest and hottest autumn.
The earth was broken and lifeless, like the scars of the earth. Every aspect of people's lives has been greatly affected, especially farmers.
Needless to say, the farmer could not even feed his cattle at that time, and his family's hay storage ran out a few months ago. They had to come up with their savings and buy high-priced hay.
In 2019, the heat here set a new record. January is the hottest month on record, and March is also the hottest March on record.
In January, China is still in winter, while the average temperature in Australia has reached 30 degrees.
How dry is the drought here? The slightest wind and grass can cause forest fires. In December of that year, the temperature exceeded 40 degrees in many places.
Not only do people can't stand it, but many animals suffer even more. There are even koalas who go to residents' homes in search of water.
As a timid and cowardly animal, the koala will only stay away from humans on weekdays. This is enough to see that they have been driven to a dead end before they come to the human home.
And forest fires are also very frequent, and to what extent? Sydney, a modern and developed city, suffers from severe air pollution.
Sydney has been shrouded in smog in December, which was caused by bushfires.
2020 is known as the hottest year in a century, with the highest temperature and the least precipitation. Perhaps the most shocking impact of this climate was the huge wildfires that swept through the hot search that year.
In this wildfire, 500 million animals were roasted alive. What's even more terrifying is that this is not a momentary fire, but a fire that has lasted intermittently for months!
Four months ago, there were sporadic wildfires here, but they have not been effectively managed. So, a few months later, wildfires spread, leaving five million hectares of land lifeless.
In the fire, the sky was full of smoke and red, and even the usually yellow and clear beach turned black.
The drought has lasted longer than expected. A mayor of Queensland has said that there have been places where there has been no rain for three years, and there are places where there has been "no water" for five years.
epilogue
The drought has brought unprecedented hardship to Australia. This is not only a matter for Australia, but also for people around the world, because when the world's rare rainforest is destroyed as a result, the entire world's climate will be affected.
When will we get normal precipitation and get rid of extreme drought is not only a question for the local people, but also for everyone who cares about the earth's climate.
Reference:
China News Network: Heavy rain can't end the drought in Australia? Scientists: Continued rain is still needed
China News Network: 5000000000 animals died in this "doomsday" wildfire
About 25,000 koalas were burned to death
Xinhuanet: Australia has experienced the hottest and driest year in a century
China News Network: Smog in Sydney may become the norm NSW Environment Minister urged to address climate change
Overseas network: Sad! The fire heat swept through Australia one after another, and the koala mother and son ran into the house to ask for water
Globula: Australian Bureau of Meteorology: Australia experienced its hottest March on record
Huanqiu.com: Australia has experienced a historical drought, and farmers have no harvest and are pessimistic
Huanqiu.com: Australian research warns that Australia will face a severe El Niño climate
International Online: Aerial photography of Australia's laterite desert shocking as Martian scenery (photos)-News-South China Sea Net