Preface
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were generals like Zuo Zongtang who defended the country's territory and recovered more than 1.6 million square kilometers of land in Xinjiang, and there were also people like Li Hongzhang who bowed their heads to foreigners.
But there are also people in the royal family, for their own interests, who signed a treaty of loss of power and humiliation of the country, and at the same time paid compensation to the outside world and ceded land, they also paid for their own dignity, so who is this person?
Although he is not as famous as Li Hongzhang, he is an out-and-out traitor to seek glory, and as a member of the royal family, he not only has the grief of the invasion of the country, but also is complacent about getting a little benefit.
It can be seen that such a person has no family and country righteousness in his heart, only the interests in his own eyes, so who is this little-known member of the royal family?
1. Children of the Imperial Family
Behind the humiliation of the mainland's modern history is the backwardness and ignorance under the rule of feudal society, which led to the Western invaders carrying foreign guns and cannons to open the door of China.
The Qing army was defeated, and finally compromised with the Western army, and only then did they sign many treaties that humiliated the country, and the first thing that came to mind of the people who signed the treaty was Li Hongzhang, so everyone thought he was a traitor.
However, Li Hongzhang was able to sign the treaty, which was authorized by the Qing Dynasty, and it can also be said that Li Hongzhang represented the Qing court, and it was the Qing court who betrayed the country, not him Li Hongzhang.
But behind this there is a real traitor, who not only gave Guangzhou to the British invading army, but also gave Tsarist Russia millions of land, and can be said to be the number one traitor, but why is his sense of existence so low? Who is this person?
In fact, this person is Aixin Jueluo Yishan, for the surname Aixin Jueluo, I can't be clearer, this is a royal surname, then this Yishan must be a royal child.
In fact, it is true that he is the great-great-grandson of Aixin Jueluo Yinyu, the fourteenth son of Emperor Kangxi, that is, the nephew of Emperor Daoguang, and once held important positions such as General Ili and General Heilongjiang.
With such a reputation as a general, it stands to reason that Yishan should be a general who defends the Qing Dynasty, which is both the responsibility and responsibility of the children of the royal family, no matter which one it is, it should be, but why did he not become a general supported by everyone in the end, but became a traitor?
After the outbreak of the First Opium War in 1840, Emperor Daoguang was instantly hit by the arrogance of the Western invaders, so he immediately dismissed Qi Shan, the minister in charge of military affairs in Guangdong, and appointed Yishan as the general of Jingyi, who was in charge of military affairs in Guangzhou.
As everyone knows, this rebellious general can only make a small fuss, but in the face of a big war with real guns and ammunition, he was beaten by the Western invaders.
After all, as a royal child, he is more or less a real talent, but the result is not so, because his father Mianbei does not have a prominent title, which also leads to Yishan is an inconspicuous existence among the royal children.
Therefore, Yishan was also not welcomed, and because of his lack of intelligence, he did not become a third-class guard until he was 31 years old.
The guards are also divided into ranks and levels, and Yishan is the third-class guard of the imperial guard, and the higher the level of the guard, the more likely he is to be reused and promoted by the emperor.
Moreover, according to the system of the Qing Dynasty at that time, there were a total of 270 third-class guards, which can be said to be relatively large in number, unless they are particularly outstanding and conspicuous people can be appreciated by the emperor, otherwise it is difficult to be promoted.
2. General Ili who made great achievements
I don't know what kind of big man Yishan found as a backer, and it didn't take long for him to be promoted, and he also served as the counselor of Yili and the commander of the Red Banner Protector Army.
Later, in the eighteenth year of Daoguang, Yishan had been promoted to General Ili and was fully responsible for the military affairs of Xinjiang, which shows that he has risen rocket-like in his career.
In the twentieth year of Daoguang, Yishan was recalled to the capital by Emperor Daoguang and served as the minister in front of the emperor and other positions.
In the same year, when the First Opium War broke out, Qi Shan ceded Hong Kong to Britain without authorization, was dismissed by Daoguang, and then sent Yishan to Guangzhou.
Daoguang's trust in Yishan is nothing more than that Yishan has won several battles before, as early as in Xinjiang, the Qing army sent troops to attack Zhang Ge, when Changling and Yang Yuchun only brought more than 20,000 people, while Zhang Ge had an army of 100,000.
Obviously outnumbered, coupled with the harsh local climate, the Qing army occupied a great disadvantage, so Changling and Yang Yuchun had a disagreement, the former suggested to withdraw the army, but Yang Yuchun disagreed, he thought that this was a fighter, they could use the harsh environment to carry out a sneak attack on the enemy.
At that time, the younger Yishan became the leader of the cavalry, and took the lead in leading the army to cross the Hunhe River, and finally drove straight into the city of Kashgar, and the war repelled Zhang Ge's rebellion at a very small cost.
Yishan and Yang Yuchun cleared the remnants, and the two cooperated with each other to defeat the enemy's reinforcements, and also captured Zhang Ge alive, Yishan was left by the imperial court to deal with the aftermath because of his good performance in the battle.
In order to alleviate the pressure of the imperial court to transport grain, Yishan let people survey the local terrain and reclaim hundreds of thousands of acres of fertile land.
From this, it can be seen that Yishan still made some military exploits, and he can be regarded as a great general who can take a shot, but when he arrived in Guangzhou, he was very ignorant of the British.
3. Signing a series of treaties on the loss of power and humiliating the country
In the Battle of Guangzhou, there was no style of a general at all, not to mention how the fight was, that is, as soon as he saw the British army, he retreated, which was enough to see that Yishan did not have much courage.
He even made foolish moves, not only did he not have any preparations for war in Guangzhou, but also believed in those so-called "folk tricks".
The toilet was placed on a raft and the British army was defeated by the method of "defeating evil spirits", but the British record in this regard is that Yishan had secretly built a fort on the Pearl River and actively deployed troops in other parts of Guangzhou.
I don't know if it was the British exaggeration, or Yishan was really ignorant, and in the end the Qing army was defeated in front of the British army, which was miserable. Only Yang Fangning would rather die than surrender, but Yishan chose to surrender, and also made surrender conditions, expressing an attitude of seeking peace.
At this time, the imperial court did not speak, and Yishan made such a move, which was tantamount to a traitor, so after the defeat, the imperial court had to sign the "Guangzhou Contract".
It was also the first unequal treaty signed in China's modern history, with an indemnity of 7 million taels of silver. The Qing court's show of weakness allowed Britain to gain an inch, and for the first time, they got such a huge amount of money, so they tore up the contract and expanded the war.
However, it also saw that Yishan's ability was limited, and later he signed the "Ili Tar Bahatai Trade Treaty", through which Tsarist Russia set up consulates in Ili Ta and so on, and opened the door to northwest China.
Later, under the threat of Russia, the "Aihui Treaty" was signed, which was only effective if the emperor stamped it, who knew that the territory that Yishan gave to Tsarist Russia had no authorization from the Qing government at all, so behind the land indemnity, it was completely Yishan's decision.
Later, the "Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty" was signed, except for this treaty, the rest of the Yishan was negotiating with the enemy country, regardless of national interests, especially on the Russian side, almost sold more than a million square kilometers.
If Russia can benefit, Russia will naturally not treat Yishan badly, and it will definitely give him a lot of benefits, so that he will sell the national territory in a frenzy.
epilogue
Traitors like Yishan have been selling out the country's territory, but instead of being stopped, although they were dismissed, they were later reused, and finally died of illness in Beijing.