CCTV Beijing, April 21 News According to the Voice of China of China Central Radio and Television, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration recently said that the mainland will give full play to the leading role of state-owned forest farms, build 200 pilot types of forest farms serving collective forest reform, encourage cooperation between farms and villages, and achieve a win-win situation of strengthening villages and enriching the people and invigorating forest farms;
Collective forests are an important carrier for improving carbon sink capacity, an important foundation for maintaining ecological security, and an important resource for rural revitalization. To promote the innovation of the collective forest tenure system, it is necessary to continuously improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products and the ecological compensation system, give full play to the multiple functions of forests, and realize the organic unity of ecological beauty and people's prosperity. From "logging in the mountains" to "economy under the forest", how to awaken the "sleeping mountain forests" through collective forest reform?
Villagers picking cinnamoma cinnamoma under the forest (photo provided by the interviewee)
In Tianzui Village, Chishui Town, Guangchang County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, Xie Xianfu, a major forest land contractor, is inspecting the planting of Chinese medicinal materials in the woodland. He said that now, local forest farmers have long bid farewell to the past life of logging in the mountains, and the collective forest reform has made the road for forest farmers to develop wider. Before the reform of the collective forest tenure system, the villagers relied on the mountains to eat the mountains and went up to the mountains to cut wood. After the reform, it is still dependent on the mountains to eat the mountains, but it has become the protection of mountains and forests, the development of the economy under the forest, and the ecological rice bowl is served steadily.
Tianzui Village, Guangchang County, has nearly 15,000 acres of forest land, which is a typical forestry village. In the past, the permanent population of the village was less than 20 people, and the woodland became a wasteland, and the whole village was in a depression. Xie Shuyu, secretary of the village party branch, said that how to wake up the "sleeping" mountains and forests is a problem that the local people have been thinking about and exploring. Tianzui Village has a unique geographical environment and good quality of Chinese herbal medicines, so Tianzui Village takes the development of Chinese herbal medicine planting as a breakthrough. On the one hand, we should grasp the industrial development, increase the added value of products, and improve the yield per mu of economic forests, and on the other hand, grasp the economy under the forest, improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency and management efficiency of forest land, and better promote the ecological construction and industrial development of forestry.
Hu Changqi, a villager from Tianzui Village, said: "Now I have enough food and warm clothes......
Behind the food and clothing, forest farmers are also looking forward to the policy guarantee to support long-term operation. In 2021, Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province was identified as a comprehensive pilot city for national forestry reform and development, and Guangchang County was selected as a pilot site for forest land extension in the pilot program. According to the plan, Tianzui Village extended the contract period of forest land to 2065, which gave the villagers a "peace of mind". Luo Bin, director of the Guangchang County Forestry Bureau, said that up to now, the county has successfully signed more than 7,700 contract extension contracts, and the Chinese herbal medicine planting industry has driven more than 300 people to work in surrounding villages and towns, with an average income of 11,300 yuan.
"Adhere to the basic position of family management in the basic rural management system; reasonably determine the scope of peasant households in accordance with the law to ensure the continuity of forestry policies; clearly define the extension and duration of forest land contracts, and implement contract management." We will promote the circulation of forest rights in accordance with the law, stimulate the vitality of forestry development, and open up a two-way conversion channel between lucid waters and lush mountains and gold and silver mountains. Luo Bin said.
Growers harvest pecans (photo provided by the interviewee)
Ningguo City, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province, is known as "Eight Mountains and One Water, Half Fields, Half Roads and Manors", and is known as "the hometown of Chinese pecans", while Antarctic Township is one of the main pecan producing areas in Ningguo City. In the 80s of the 20th century, Ningguo divided the pecan mountain farm into households, but the overly scattered mountain farm also exposed some problems, such as rising management costs, difficult promotion of new technologies, and forest land degradation in the production area, and the fragmented management model restricts the healthy development of the industry.
In 2023, Nanji Township will fully complete the pilot reform of the whole group of 14 villager groups, with 326 participating households and 1,559 integrated plots. Yu Jianguo, a villager, said that "small mountains become big mountains", that is, in view of the problem of fragmentation of forest land management rights, unified management measures and unified transaction standards, and forest farmers spontaneously reduce the number of mountain farms per household and improve labor productivity through various forms of circulation, such as trusteeship, transfer, and exchange.
Yu Jianguo told reporters that one household in the villager group originally had 15 mountain farms, which were exchanged for 6 pieces. Before the integration, the annual input cost of hickory was nearly 48,000 yuan, and the return was less, and the cost dropped to 18,000 yuan after the exchange of mountain farms.
Ningguo City's "small hill to big mountain" reform is mainly divided into four modes: mountain field integration, forest land trusteeship, forest right collection and storage, and national reserve forest +, and the villager groups that have completed the reform will be given priority to be included in the modern forestry science and technology demonstration base, and the infrastructure construction such as road construction and monorail conveyor installation in forest areas will be rewarded and subsidized in an all-round way. Li Li, chief of the reform and industrial development section of the forestry development center of Ningguo City, said that up to now, 57 villager groups in 9 townships and towns in Ningguo City have completed the integration of mountain farms, and another 9 villager groups are steadily advancing, involving a planting area of 70,000 mu, accounting for 17.3% of the city's total area. The Forestry Development Center provides unified standards for the villagers' groups and provides standardized guidance. Calculate the economic account of the reform for forest farmers, actively explore the national reserve forest + model, cultivate and expand the main body of trusteeship management, and provide efficient and convenient services for the in-depth promotion of reform and industrial revitalization and development.
Wang Junzhong, director of the Reform and Development Department of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, said that in September last year, the "Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Collective Forest Tenure System" was issued, requiring that by 2025, a collective forest tenure system with clear ownership, unified responsibilities and rights, strict protection, orderly circulation and effective supervision will be basically formed. The National Forestry and Grassland Administration is guiding pilot explorations in various localities and deepening experimental fields.
Wang Junzhong said that he would guide Fujian, Jiangxi, and Chongqing to start the construction of pilot areas for deepening the reform of the collective forest tenure system, and guide seven pilot cities, including Sanming in Fujian, Fuzhou in Jiangxi, Jincheng in Shanxi, Tonghua in Jilin, Xuancheng in Anhui, Chengdu in Sichuan, and Quzhou in Zhejiang, to boldly explore and innovate, and promote good experience and good practices in a timely manner. Sanming, Fujian Province is an important source of collective forest tenure system reform, and is also a comprehensive pilot city for national forestry reform and development.
Shaxian District State-owned Forest Farm Large-diameter Timber Cultivation Base (Photo provided by the interviewee)
Wang Junzhong introduced that Fujian Sanming is exploring the model of "field and village cooperation + forest ticket" to promote the moderate scale operation of forestry; the village collectives and villagers in the cooperative operation will be converted into shares and quantified, and regular dividends, cashed out at maturity, and repurchased, and the city has issued 600 million yuan of forest tickets, benefiting 78,000 forest farmers. Bao Xinkun, deputy general manager of Sanming Shaxian District State-owned Forest Farm Co., Ltd., said that these days, the workers of the forest farm are busy planting fir and superba on the mountain farm with a total area of 122 acres, and when it comes to the main source of funds for afforestation in this mountain farm, we have to mention the upgraded "forest ticket 2.0".
Bao Xinkun introduced: "Forest ticket 1.0 is only a value assessment, without a special appraisal company, it can only be circulated among villagers. After passing the forest ticket 2.0, we can integrate social capital funds and financial funds through multiple channels to improve the quality of our afforestation, and afforestation is more and better. ”
Zhang Zunuan, a forest farmer who has been working in the forest for nearly 20 years, said that the various forest reform policies to benefit farmers have made him feel a real sense of gain and more motivated. He said: "After the forestry system is revitalized, forest farmers can expand the space is broader, not only to traditional afforestation, cutting wood, but also to intervene in some forest ticket system, carbon sink economy, forest economy and other forest land (management) expansion, forest farmers feel that the potential is huge, confident to continue to develop forestry at a deep level." ”
The area of collective forest land in mainland China is 2.568 billion mu, accounting for about 60% of the total area of forest land in mainland China, and the forest stock is 8.461 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 45% of the total forest stock in mainland China, distributed in more than 2,600 counties across the country, involving more than 100 million rural households, which is an important foundation for maintaining ecological security and an important resource for realizing rural revitalization. Wang Junzhong said that in the next step, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration will continue to focus on "how to divide mountains, how to cut trees, where does money come from, and what to do with single households" and "broaden the path of transforming lucid waters and lush mountains into gold and silver mountains", actively and steadily promote collective forest reform, and better realize the organic unity of ecological beauty and people's wealth.
Wang Junzhong said that efforts should be made to promote the scientific and efficient management of collective forests, promote the pilot work of sustainable forest management throughout the country, and expand the scope of collective forest pilot projects in an orderly manner; give full play to the leading role of state-owned forest farms, build 200 forest farms that serve the pilot type of collective forest reform, encourage the development of cooperation between farms and villages, and achieve a win-win situation of strengthening villages and enriching the people and invigorating forest farms. Encourage the scientific and rational use of forest resources, and vigorously develop the economy under the forest, forest food, eco-tourism, forest health and other ecological enrichment industries. Support 3 pilot zones and 7 pilot cities to boldly break through and experiment, and strive for new breakthroughs and new achievements. (Reporter Wang Zehua, Xie Yuansen, Huang Ru, Sun Lingjuan)
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