Figure丨Stubborn play stone is incomplete
Everyone in the world yearns for the Peach Blossom Spring, and for the literati, if there is really a paradise, it must be the study.
The quiet and deep Chinese courtyard is shaded by flowers and trees. Or there are bamboo and green powder walls, or there are pine pavilions such as covers, or there are plum sparse shadows and horizontal slopes, or there are chrysanthemum dyed hedges, or there are orchids and elegant such as gentlemen......
The courtyard is the outer garment of the study. Before entering the study, strolling through the courtyard, the owner's heart can be seen.
In "Dream of Red Mansions", Jia Zheng and others came to the Xiaoxiang Pavilion, but they saw that the powder walls were full of twists and turns, and the verandah was tortuous, and there were phoenix tails and forests everywhere, and the dragon was full of fine green bamboos, and there were plantain and pear blossom embellishments, which was elegant and quiet.
In Jia Zheng's view, this place is like an ideal literati's study, and he can't help but sigh: "If you can sit under this window and read on a moonlit night, you will live a life in vain!"
In the face of such an unearthly meaning, Baoyu inscribed a poem: "Baoding tea is still green, and the window chess is still cold." This artistic conception is in line with Daiyu's dusty temperament.
Figure丨Literati space
Baochai's Wuyuan is another scene: entering the door is a large stone inserted into the sky, around the stone into the inside, but see the Washe cool and clear, the garden is full of mountains and stones and different grasses, and there is no flower and tree. This artistic conception is in line with Baochai's cold temperament.
The furnishings in Daiyu's room are written from the perspective of Grandma Liu. First saw that "there was a pen and inkstone on the table under the window", and "I saw the bookshelf full of books", Grandma Liu thought that this was a man's study, and said: "Where is this embroidery room like a young lady? It is better than the first-class study!"
In the Baochai room, it is like "a snow cave, there is no color of toys", and there are only earthen bottles and two books with chrysanthemums on the case, and there are also tea cups.
In ancient times, women did not have an independent study, even if they were like Daiyu and Baochai, they were also boudoirs and studyes. Daiyu's study, full of poetry and bookish atmosphere, is the "lonely forest of the world's immortals", and Baochai's study, cold and simple, is "the crystal snow of the mountain Gaoshi".
Although the styles of Daiyu and Baochai's study are different, they both conform to the ideal study of the ancient literati: small, simple and elegant.
01. Yongknee
"Why does the room be big, there are not many flowers. "The hall should be big, and the study should be small. "The ideal study should be a quatrain, not a rhythm.
Because it is small, it can "concentrate" and condense the aura of heaven and earth, and the spirit of thought and talent in one place, only in this way can it "know God". The space is large, which can easily lead to wandering thoughts, and living in a small space can people focus their minds, enter deep thinking, and be with themselves quietly.
The ancients described the study room as "accommodating the knee". Accommodating the knee, only allowing one knee, is an exaggeration, and it is extremely small. Tao Yuanming's "Words of Return" has the sentence "leaning on the south window to be proud, and judging the ease of the knee".
Figure丨Stubborn play stone is incomplete
The dwelling is cramped, but the heart can be connected with heaven and earth, the so-called "heart is wide and arrogant". The reason why Jin Tao Yuanming retreated so thoroughly and purely was because of this spiritual realm of "judging the knees and being easy to be safe".
Li Qingzhao admired this spiritual realm, named the residence Huilai Hall, and called himself "Yi'an Jushi", which is a tribute to Tao Yuanming.
Lu You is over eighty years old, and the small study room he built after he has a new home, "and the eaves of the small room, can only accommodate a few". For this small study, Lu You is very satisfied: "The sun is in the small window, and the birds are singing in the tall trees. Happy to be on the knee, with this song humerus. ”
Although the study room is small, it is a big world with poetry and books. Holding a scroll, lying at will, in the bright sunlight, listening to the sound of birdsong, pillow arm rolling, the joy of reading, the joy of the world.
Picture丨Lin is really idle
The Yuan Dynasty painter Ni Zan once had a residence called Snail House, and later called Rong Knee Zhai in Songjiang's study. For this reason, he painted "Rong Knee Zhai Map" and inscribed a poem: "The spring breeze in the corner of the house is full of apricot flowers, and the small Zhai Rong Knee spends his life." The Ming Dynasty literati returned to the light of the study Xiang Zhixuan is also very small, "the room is only the abbot, can accommodate one person."
Even if you are the king of a country, Emperor Qianlong's study Sanxi Hall is only eight square meters. Such a small space is a huge cultural treasure house, such as mustard Na Sumeru.
It is precisely because of this that Li Yu, a Qing man who is well versed in oriental aesthetics, named his bookstore "Mustard Seed Garden".
The study is a place to put the soul, abandon the extra space, people are not burdened by material desires, the body and mind are light, in order to better manage the soul business.
02. Simplicity
The ancients liked to call the study room. Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Fasting, precept also." "Buddhists call food fasting.
Fasting is to be vegetarian and simple, to abstain from desires and to purify the heart. This is exactly the spiritual realm pursued by ancient readers, who are as simple as water, dedicated to learning, full of poetry and books, and self-cultivation.
The ancients who pursued this realm generally had very simple study rooms without too much furnishings. The Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi was deeply proud of his humble house.
Although the room is simple, there are moss and green grass, there are books to read, there are literary friends and poetry friends to exchange, play the qin and read the scriptures, time is slow and gentle, so it is an ideal life.
When Liu Yuxi's friend Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou, his residence was simple and called Caotang. This thatched cottage has the rustic beauty of the original ecology, the pillars are made of logs, not painted, the walls are earth-colored, not painted white, the steps are built with original stones, the windows are pasted with white paper, and the bamboo curtains are used as curtains.
The furnishings in the house are only four wooden couches, two screens, a piano, and the rest are books. Bai Juyi's thatched cottage is a residence and a study.
This is reminiscent of the clean and simple study room of Baochai Snow Cave. The study room takes the book as the soul, except for the book, the rest of the things can be simplified.
Figure丨Stubborn play stone is incomplete
Zeng Guofan said: "Make a superior wish, get married, and enjoy inferior blessings", that is, we must pursue lofty spiritually, and simplify the complex materially.
As the old saying goes, "Things are not things." "People should be the masters of materials, let materials serve people, and not let things control and submerge people, so that the spirit is squeezed by materials, so as not to fall into the black hole of desire, and can really calm down to study and enjoy the happiness of harvest.
In the study, other items should be kept simple, and more books are not always better. Liang Wendao once did a sharing session on "The Way of Simple Life", thinking that the most beautiful life is "the less the better", just like buying a book for dozens of dollars, although the book is very good, but you should also carefully consider whether you really need it.
Reading and writing in a study room with simple furnishings will not be burdened by things, and the heart will be as clear as water, it is easy to enter a state of contemplation and meditation, and inspiration will be easier to visit.
03. Masachi
Throughout the ages, the study room has been the most private and intimate territory of literati and artists. Because of its privacy, there are generally no rules on how to arrange the study and what style to use.
Although the study does not have to be large and luxurious, it must be fresh and elegant, and it must be able to reflect the style and spirit of the literati, reveal the temperament and taste of the owner, and create a rich cultural atmosphere.
Picture丨 Moon Blasphemy Son
Whether it is a painting pavilion or thatched eaves, whether it is built in the mountains or by the water, whether it is built in the market or in the suburbs, the most deserving quality of the study, as Li Yu said in "Idle Love", should have "elegant and vulgar taste".
Once everything is ancient, elegance is born. If there are rare books, authentic paintings and calligraphy, and original inscriptions in the study, when reading and composing, it will be like passing through the time tunnel, and the ancient is a disciple, and the ancient is connected to the present.
The utensils on the bookcase should also have a strong sense of antiquity. In addition to pen, ink, paper, inkstone, paperweight, water bowl, pen wash, pen grid and other small utensils, it is also enough to play, without the suspicion of extravagance, and there is a refined taste.
A few small next to the desk, you can insert a vase of flowers, or put a strange stone, or raise a pot of calamus. You can also hang a birdcage under the window or raise a tank of fish in the corner of the wall. The flowers and plants are pleasing to the eye, the air is curling, the mountains and rocks are rugged and there is the wind under the forest, and the birds and fish swim like in the mountains.
Figure丨Literati space
In this way, the study will condense the natural things symbolically contained in the embrace, although it is a small room, but there is a large realm, people are in it, as if the world is free.
Paper windows and tile houses, bright light, hanging calligraphy and paintings between the walls, ancient and literate, faint ink fragrance fills the whole space, and the fragrance of books and flowers blends and superimposes, and the fragrance makes people feel calm.
In addition to the fragrance of ink, books and flowers, there can also be incense and tea.
When reading and composing, the incense in the furnace is lit, and the aroma is diffused with the green smoke, drifting to the clouds outside the window, and the mind becomes distant. Cook another pot of tea, the fragrance of tea enters the nose and mouth, and the mind sinks from a high and far place until the deepest and subtlest place of the soul.
Figure丨Stubborn play stone is incomplete
If you have a guqin, you are tired of reading, you can stroke the qin, the sound of the guqin is faint and distant, full of antiquity, full of elegance. Listen to it in your ears, like talking to Coats.
Or you can follow the ancient practice and choose an elegant name for the study.
"Tingsongxuan", "Lanxuetang", "Taying Garden", "Gufeng Village", "Plum Blossom Villa", "Ice Drinking Room", "Qiushuian", "Shufangzhai", "Shao Room Mountain House", "Taste Tateshi Library", ......
Before entering the study, just look at the inscription on the door, you can see the owner's spirit and interest. Floating like a dream, and create a dream land for yourself. The study room is the peach blossom paradise in reality.