Yunxiang sky
Hainan Island, also known as Qiongya, was one of the earliest areas on the mainland to carry out armed revolutionary struggle during the period of the democratic revolution. During the period of the Great Revolution and the Agrarian Revolution, the flames of armed struggle burned almost all over the cities and counties of Hainan Island. In the early 1930s, when the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was working hard, the Independent Division of the Qiongya Workers' and Peasants' Red Army organized the "Red Women's Army" company. After the liberation, the film "Red Detachment of Women" was screened at home and abroad, and then adapted into a modern ballet, which had a wide influence. However, there were a large number of female soldiers in the Qiongya Column (about 2,000 at the beginning of liberation), and their fighting process from the War of Resistance against Japan to the War of Liberation is still little known.
Under the guidance of the anti-Japanese united front, in the winter of 1938, the Qiongya Red Army was reorganized into the Qiongya Anti-Japanese Independent Team in Yunlongxu, Qiongshan County. On February 10, 1939, the Japanese army attacked Hainan Island, and the Qiongya Anti-Japanese Independent Team crossed the Jiangtankou ferry port near Haikou to block the Japanese army's eastward advance. In the early days of the Qiongya Anti-Japanese War, the first detachment of the Qiongya Anti-Japanese Independent Corps (later changed to the column) (that is, Wu Kezhi's department) established a platoon directly under the detachment. In the winter of 1940, the Kuomintang diehards in Qiongya, instructed by the Kuomintang authorities in Guangdong, concentrated their forces on attacking the Meiheshan base area of the Qiongya Special Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the Qiongya Anti-Japanese Independent Team. The Special Committee and the General Headquarters were forced to move eastward and return to the Qiong (Shan) Wen (Chang) base area, and the Women's Army Platoon was transferred to the Special Committee and the General Headquarters to be responsible for guarding the leading organs and radio stations. However, under the attack of the three powerful enemies of Japan, puppeteers, and stubbornness, the struggle environment was very difficult and cruel. So Feng Baiju ordered the disbandment of the women's army platoon, and most of the female fighters returned to their original units. Since then, the Qiongya Column has never organized a platoon or company of the Women's Army.
However, from the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War to the liberation of Hainan Island, industrious and brave Hainan women enthusiastically signed up for the front line like men in the anti-Japanese salvation movement and the expansion of the army in support of the front. The vast majority of them serve as cooks, caretakers, traffic officers, transport officers, and civil servants in the company, referred to as the "five members". Most of these women come from rural areas, and under the weight of the three mountains of the old society, they are also oppressed by the patriarchal power and desire autonomy and freedom. Although most of them were illiterate, their revolutionary will was extremely tenacious after joining the army, and many of them made great contributions in the war. In 1950, when Hainan Island was just liberated, there were 18 female soldiers at the celebration meeting of the whole army of Qiongzong, who were rated as combat heroes and exemplary "people's meritorious heroes".
The prototype of the heroine of "South Island Storm".
In 1955, the movie "South Island Storm" was released, and the prototype of the heroine caretaker Fu Ruohua was Li Yuxin, the head nurse of Qiongzong's first team. A slender girl, with a gentle and smiling face, carrying an ambulance medicine bag, like a revolutionary goddess who saves lives and helps the wounded, brings warmth and love to the wounded and sick. Li Yuxin also had a life-saving grace for me.
When Japan surrendered, I unfortunately suffered from severe dysentery until I could not march and could not pull. The migrant workers carried me on a stretcher to the Ruwanshan Base Hospital for treatment. At that time, the hospital was short of medical treatment and medicine, and there was nothing to be done about dysentery, so for fear that I would infect others in the village, they had people carry me to a barren hill outside the village and treat me as a "dead" person. I lay on a bamboo stretcher and couldn't move, day and night pulling the pus and blood of dysentery. Only the female caretaker brought me boiling water and two meals a day. There are several female nurses in the hospital, and I have forgotten their appearances, but Li Yuxin, I can never forget them.
After lying on a bamboo stretcher for months, I finally came back to life from the hands of death. Before the illness got out, the Kuomintang 46th Army attacked our Qiongya Liberated Area. On the eve of the Spring Festival in 1946, the head of the Qiongzong First Detachment (also known as the Changsheng Detachment), which had been transferred to the western part of Qiongya, sent a group of soldiers from the short rifle team to escort seventy or eighty seriously wounded and sick people stranded in the Ruwanshan Hospital to Liuqin Mountain.
The hospital leaders looked at my sick and thin body, fearing that I would be left behind in the night march, and asked me to lie on a bamboo stretcher and let the migrant workers carry me away. I resolutely refused to do it, so I ran with the team. Departing from the Ruwan Mountains at night, arriving at the traffic station of Yanding Five Villages in Chengmai at dawn, it is a starry night rapid march. Li Yuxin was arranged by the leader to walk behind me and take care of me and several seriously injured people who were carried away by the migrant labor team. I was not left behind in the rapid march, and the hospital leaders praised me in public as a "little miracle". However, as soon as we arrived at the traffic station, we heard a strong and weak battle gunfire from the direction of Liuqin Mountain. There are no mountains and forests on the shores of the Yanding Sea, and there are no mangrove forests on the tidal flats that can hide dozens of wounded and sick people. When the enemy army "cleared" the liberated areas, it sent many spies to wander the villages in our base areas. The seriously injured and sick people stranded at the transportation station are in a critical situation. In order to preserve the revolutionary forces, the hospital leaders mobilized the wounded and sick who could walk to immediately follow the soldiers of the short gun team back to the base area of Ruwanru Guoshan, while the wounded who could not move at all were mobilized by the traffic station and the personnel of the local and township governments to carry them to the wild pineapple bushes on the beach by the sea and to hide them.
Within a few days of the wounded and sick of us returning to Ruwanshan with the soldiers of the short spear team, Li Yuxin and several hospital personnel returned from the Yanding area, and they informed them that the hospital leaders and dozens of seriously wounded and sick people who were lying on bamboo stretchers unarmed were all killed by the enemy, and that they had escaped from death by luck.
The enemy soon rushed to the base area of Ruwanru Guoshan. The 46th Army "encircled and suppressed" Ruwan Mountain, and also adopted the tactic of filling in the blanks, and stationed troops in large and small villages outside Ruwan Mountain. During the day, they went into the mountains to search and suppress, and every day they set fire to the original garrison of our troops, which were patches of grass liao, and at night they tightly sealed off all mountain passes and trails. The soldiers of the short spear team learned that the Changsheng detachment had been ordered to return to the Qiongwen old base area, and regardless of the enemy's layers of encirclement and blockade, they broke through the Ruwan Mountain, crossed the stone mountain, crossed the Nandu River, and returned to the Qiongshan base area. A few of our wounded and sick had no choice but to follow Li Yuxin and other hospital personnel to continue to hide in the Ruwan Mountains, facing the enemy who went into the mountains every day to search and suppress, and the food was out of food and was in a desperate situation. With the help of the second brother of the revolutionary fortress Hu Ruguo, we broke through and marched to the Nandou Mountain area of Chengmai, where we found the local and township government personnel, and they arranged for the traffic officer to take us to the Yanding Traffic Station again, and then the traffic station arranged for the traffic officer to take us to Liuqin Mountain, and then to the Ding'an Xiangou Traffic Station...... On the way to break through the encirclement, they stopped and stopped, lasted more than half a month, experienced hardships and hardships, and encountered the "sweeping" team of the 46th Army several times, and there was a danger of being killed or captured alive by the enemy after only a fraction of a second. We finally got back to the troops. During the journey of more than half a month, several of our wounded and sick were cared for and cared for by Li Yuxin, and they lived and died with her, shared weal and woe, and formed a profound revolutionary friendship, which I will never forget.
Charge with rice
In 1947, during the struggle against "key encirclement and suppression", during the breakout battle in Liufang Village, Dachang Township, Wenchang County, the battle story of the female cooks following the soldiers to break through with food in order not to go hungry is still fresh in my memory. Liufang Village is a small and medium-sized village bordering the back slope of the field, with a rice field to the east and a hill terraced field and shrubs on the back slope. At dawn, the guns rang out at the sentry post, and the soldiers were awakened from the floor of the common people's houses, and they didn't even have time to hit their small backpacks, so they took their guns and ran out of the house with their guns and ran to the sentry posts to block the enemy's surprise attack. There were about 1,000 enemies attacking the two squadrons of our army, and the enemy who attacked from the back slope of the village was a reinforced battalion of a certain security corps transferred from the mainland to Hainan Island to "suppress the communists." The main force of our Changsheng detachment, the good fighting brigade, has passed the combat test in the early days of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation. The enemy and the enemy clashed hard, fighting in the terraced fields on the slope behind the village. A tug-of-war between the charge and the counter-charge began, and our soldiers expelled the strong enemy to the first-class dryland terraces.
The rain of bullets on the back slope of the village is like a dense meteor in the morning sky, screaming and flying over the village, and the enemy's shells fall outside the common people's houses where the female cooks are, and they continue to explode, but the female cooks are calm and composed, in order to prevent the soldiers from starving after the battle, they are loyal to their duties, put the food in the iron pot in the gang room in bamboo baskets and wooden barrels, pick up the battlefield on the back slope of the village, and follow the soldiers to charge and break through.
A tug-of-war unfolds on the dryland terraces. When the female cooks charged with food, they followed closely under the ridge of the terraces. When our fire suppressed the enemy, the soldiers jumped on the ridge and rushed to kill the enemy, and the female cooks immediately stood up from under the ridge, carried the food, and rushed up with the soldiers until they ran to the commanding heights of the hilly land and drove the enemy away. I witnessed this scene and admired our female cooks, who were so brave and so fearless of bloodshed.
The heroic deeds of female warriors on the battlefield are too numerous to mention. At the beginning of this century, with the approval of the leaders of Hainan Province, the female soldiers of the original Qiongya Column were collectively referred to as the "Red Women's Army". History has not forgotten them, and the Republic has not forgotten them. The title of "Red Women's Army" is a glorious positioning of the revolutionary history of the Qiong Zong female soldiers.
Salute!