April 15 to 21 is the 30th National Cancer Prevention and Treatment Publicity Week, with the theme of "Comprehensive Policies and Scientific Cancer Prevention", advocating everyone to be the first responsible person for their own health. According to a report released by the National Cancer Center, in 2022, the mainland estimates 4.825 million new cancer cases and 2.574 million new cancer deaths. Among the new cases, the top five cancer types were lung, breast, colorectal, thyroid and liver cancer.
globe
Lung cancer has become the world's leading cancer killer, followed by breast cancer and colorectal cancer
The team led by Freddie Bray, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) under the World Health Organization, recently published the latest cancer report in an authoritative journal in the medical field. According to IARC, in 2022, there were an estimated 19.974 million new cancer cases and 9.744 million cancer deaths worldwide. Among them, the number of new cases of lung cancer was as high as 2.481 million, accounting for 12.4% of the new cancer cases in the world. This is also the second time that lung cancer has become the number one cancer in the world after being overtaken by breast cancer in 2020.
At the same time, lung cancer is also the number one cancer killer in the world. In 2022, it caused a total of 1.817 million deaths, accounting for 18.7% of all cancer deaths, followed by breast, colorectal, prostate, and stomach cancers.
According to the assessment of Freddie Bray's team, about 1 in 5 people worldwide will get cancer in their lifetime, and about 1 in 9 men and 1 in 12 women will die from cancer. However, due to differences in levels of development, cancer detection and survival rates may vary significantly between countries. In the case of breast cancer, for example, in areas with a very high HDI, 1 in 12 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and 1 in 71 will die from breast cancer. But in areas with low HDIs, 1 in 48 women will eventually die from breast cancer, although only 1 in 27 women will find out they have breast cancer.
China
The incidence of lung cancer in mainland women is 2.6 times higher than the global average
In the cancer data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the situation in China is calculated jointly by the agency and China's National Cancer Center (NCC). The National Cancer Center has also released a number of studies such as "Analysis of the Prevalence of Malignant Tumors in China in 2022", detailing the latest cases of malignant tumors in China.
Throughout 2022, China has an estimated 4.825 million new cancer cases and 2.574 million new cancer deaths. The number one cancer in China is also lung cancer. However, compared with the global population, the disease burden of lung cancer in China is more prominent. Throughout 2022, there will be 1.061 million new cases of lung cancer in China, equivalent to 75.1 cases of lung cancer per 100,000 people.
At the same time, lung cancer is also the most "deadly" cancer in China. In 2022, 51.9 people died from lung cancer per 100,000 people. This is related to the fact that lung cancer is usually asymptomatic in the early stages, and once detected, it may have progressed to an advanced stage. Moreover, the prognosis of lung cancer is poor, with studies showing that the five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients in China was only 19.7% from 2012 to 2015.
However, for the same lung cancer, the morbidity and mortality rate in women is significantly lower than that in men.
Thyroid cancer and breast cancer are common health problems in Chinese women and are related to estrogen levels. The study found that there is a mutual increase in risk between the two cancers, and that patients with either cancer are more likely to develop the other cancer than the general population.
Fortunately, the mortality rate of breast and thyroid cancer is not very high – for every 100,000 Chinese women in 2022, the number of deaths from breast cancer and thyroid cancer was 1.1 and 1.1, respectively. Between 2010 and 2014, the five-year survival rate for breast cancer patients in China reached 83.2%.
Among the top 10 most common cancers in China, except for cancers in the reproductive organs, the incidence and mortality rates of other cancers are higher than the global level.
One of the more striking is that the incidence of lung cancer among Chinese women is 2.6 times the global average, while the smoking rate of Chinese women is only 1.85%, which is lower than that of many countries in the world. Studies speculate that the high incidence of lung cancer in women is partly due to air pollution in outdoor environments, as well as indoor air pollution caused by the burning of solid fuels for heating and cooking at home.
Explanation
Is it a delusion that more and more people are getting cancer?
Compared with the incidence rate announced in previous years, the incidence of some cancers among Chinese residents in 2022 has increased considerably. For example, the crude incidence of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 people in 2017, and in 2022, this figure has soared to 33.0.
In this regard, the National Cancer Center reminded in a study that the detection rate of cancer is indeed increasing due to the increase in people's awareness of cancer prevention and the increase in the number of people who take the initiative to seek medical treatment. However, a statistical factor that cannot be ignored is that the Chinese cancer data released by IARC before was derived from some cancer registries in China, unlike in 2022, which was based on the data of 2,806 existing cancer registries in China. Therefore, the gap between China's cancer data in IARC2022 and the previous one does not accurately reflect the changes in China's cancer.
Based on continuous follow-up data from 22 cancer registries in China, some researchers analyzed the changes in the incidence and mortality of different cancers in China from 2000 to 2018, thus excluding the impact of changes in data sources.
Their analysis concluded that in the past 20 years, the incidence of cancer in China has been increasing and the mortality rate has been decreasing. By gender, the incidence rate is increasing significantly in females, while in males it is showing a stable trend.
In 2022, China accounted for more than half of the new cases of thyroid cancer in the world, and it is also a cancer that has increased significantly in both men and women in China year by year, increasing by 16.9% and 15.7% respectively from 2000 to 2018.
But thyroid cancer is not terrible, it is an indolent asymptomatic tumor, and the rapid rise of thyroid cancer in recent years is mainly related to the increased awareness of cancer prevention, better access to health care, and the popularization of detection technology.
In China, the incidence and mortality rates of liver, gastric and esophageal cancers, which are high and have poor prognosis, continue to decline. At the same time, some cancers that used to have a low incidence in China and a high incidence in developed countries, such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer in men, and breast cancer in women, have shown a continuous upward trend.
suggestion
What can I do in my daily life to reduce the risk of cancer?
What can you do to reduce your risk of cancer in your daily life?
■ Change unhealthy lifestyle
Smoking, alcoholism, obesity, stress, lack of exercise, and unreasonable dietary habits are all risk factors for cancer. Quit smoking, limit alcohol, eat a balanced diet, exercise moderately, and maintain a good mood can effectively reduce the incidence of cancer.
■Pay close attention to carcinogenic factors
Cancer is not contagious, but some bacteria (such as Helicobacter pylori) and viruses (such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis virus, Epstein-Barr virus, etc.) that are closely related to the occurrence of cancer can be transmitted. Maintaining personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle can prevent cancer from occurring.
■Keep away from carcinogens
There are many definite carcinogens around us, such as formaldehyde, aflatoxin, nitrite, etc. It is advisable not to consume moldy foods and to consume less fried and pickled foods.
■Vaccination to prevent some cancers
The HPV vaccine can prevent many cancers such as cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, and penile cancers. The hepatitis B vaccine protects against hepatitis B virus infection, which is a high risk factor for liver cancer. Vaccination can avoid infection with associated bacteria and viruses, and it is recommended to get vaccinated as early as possible.
■ Maintain an optimistic attitude
A good attitude is the medicine to prevent and fight cancer, and a positive attitude can help us maintain a normal and reasonable life. Learn to be optimistic and cheer up. Good at self-soothing and self-liberation. Avoid being impatient, angry, or depressed.
■Choose an individualized cancer prevention checkup
Tertiary prevention is effective in reducing the incidence and mortality of cancer. At present, most common cancers can be detected early by means of technology, such as the use of low-dose spiral CT of the chest to screen for lung cancer, ultrasound combined with mammography to screen for breast cancer, and gastrointestinal endoscopy to screen for digestive tract cancer.
Individualized physical examination items based on individual genetic history, disease history, age, and previous examination results are the key to improving the early diagnosis rate of cancer.
■ Early symptoms of alarm
The earlier the cancer is detected, the better the treatment and the longer the survival. When there are symptoms such as abnormal lumps, persistent pain, blood in sputum, painless hematuria, changes in stool habits and characteristics, or blood in the body, you should go to the hospital in time. Comprehensive surging news, etc
Source: Huashang Net-Huashang Daily