"Reflections on Several Important Technical Directions in the Context of New Power System" PPT comes from China Huaneng Group, which mainly introduces the understanding of the new power system, the latest developments and thoughts of important technical directions, and work ideas and suggestions.
The report emphasizes that the new power system is a power system with the goal of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and is characterized by clean, low-carbon, safe and controllable, flexible and efficient, intelligent and friendly, and open interaction. At the same time, the report proposes six important technical directions, including intelligent terminals, deep re-electrification equipment, power station energy storage, intelligent information technology, multi-energy complementary integration technology and informatization and intelligent technology.
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Reflections on several important technical directions in the context of new power system
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Power station energy storage
1. Photothermal molten salt energy storage and multi-energy coupling
(1) CSP molten salt energy storage technology
Priority should be given to the Sanbei region with good light resources, while Xinjiang, Gansu and other regions have a long distribution and storage time and weak power grids, so they can consider adopting solar thermal molten salt energy storage technology, and the light is cooked and operated with photovoltaic power stations.
(2) Photovoltaic-solar thermal multi-energy coupling
The LCOE of global photovoltaic power generation decreased by 88% from US$0.417 in 2010 to US$0.048 in 2021, and the LCOE of solar thermal power generation decreased by 70% from US$0.358 in 2010 to US$0.114 in 2020.
Photovoltaic-CSP complementary power generation, photovoltaic power generation during the day, CSP assumes the function of peak regulation and moment of inertia support, and the morning and evening peak is supported by CSP and generates power at full load. With the increase of the localization rate of the main components of CSP, complementary power generation is technically and economically feasible in specific scenarios.
The photovoltaic-CSP multi-source coupling method may have high economic performance in the context of long distribution and storage time and the cost of CSP is not yet supporting large-scale development.
2. Expansion of new business forms of urban power stations
In January 2023, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) issued the Notice on Further Improving the Agency Purchase of Electricity by Power Grid Enterprises, encouraging and supporting industrial and commercial users with 10 dry volts or more to directly participate in the electricity market, and gradually narrowing the scope of proxy power purchase users.
With the continuous development of energy storage technology and the continuous expansion of peak-to-valley price difference, industrial and commercial energy storage is being applied on a large scale in industrial parks, and has become an important means for enterprises to achieve sustainable development and economic benefits.
By the end of 2022, the total energy of energy storage on the user side was about 1.8GWh, a year-on-year increase of 49%, and the total energy added in 2022 was 0.60GWh, of which the total energy of industrial and commercial energy storage was 0.76GWh, accounting for 42%, a year-on-year increase of 106.3%, and the new energy in 2022 was 0.39GWh, accounting for 66%.
At present, the development of industrial and commercial energy storage in mainland China is accelerating, some provinces have achieved 2 charging and 2 discharging, and most provinces have high economic efficiency. Industrial and commercial users equipped with energy storage systems can take advantage of the larger peak-to-valley price difference to further expand the benefits of single peak-to-valley arbitrage and shorten the cost recovery cycle, which will promote the sustained and rapid development of the industrial and commercial energy storage industry.
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Power generation equipment with active support function
On March 14, State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co., Ltd. successfully realized the parallel connection of grid-based wind power, photovoltaic multi-machine and the live trial operation of voltage source in Suizhou, realizing the operation of new energy voltage source units without energy storage support in China for the first time.
The wind power business segment will carry out the transformation of the grid-related characteristics of wind turbines and improve the active support ability of equipment, which is an important function that the power generation side needs to have in the future.
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Smart terminal devices
In the new power system, the terminal equipment gradually presents the characteristics of "decentralization", and the power generation unit has become an information processing terminal, with the ability of self-learning and self-decision-making.
According to the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) global research report, the top technologies that will affect 2022 are artificial intelligence and machine learning, in addition to the new crown mutant virus prevention and control technology.
Taking wind power as an example, wind turbines face various complex working conditions such as turbulence, thunderstorms, rain, and freezing during operation.
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Deep re-electrification of equipment
In the context of the construction of new power systems, the trend of energy power generation enterprises connecting with users and traditional non-electric fields is becoming more and more obvious.
Last year, the country released the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)", which will focus on adhering to the direction of electrification, networking, and intelligent development. Hainan Province is the first in the country to propose to realize the incremental all-electric use of civilian vehicles by 2030.
Academician Shu Yinbiao, Chairman of IEC, proposed that "deep re-electrification" is the process of comprehensively upgrading traditional electrification, making full use of modern energy, materials and information technology, and finally realizing a highly electrified society with clean energy as the main body.
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Multi-energy complementary fusion technology
In the new power system, when it comes to the overall balance and coordinated control of massive source-grid-load-storage resources in a wide area, the key technologies required are multi-energy complementary fusion technology, and wind-solar, water-storage, and multi-energy complementary optimal allocation planning technology is also required.
The multi-energy complementary integration in smart buildings is manifested as follows: the electronic control system of the conference room, according to the daily load curve, calculates the user's electricity habits, gives the scheme of switching on and off the lights and adjusting the temperature of the air conditioner, and dynamically learns, adjusts and optimizes online; The micro-wind power, photovoltaic power generation unit, pedestrian corridor power generation unit, energy storage unit, and electricity load of the office system can be networked through the DC microgrid to improve the reliability and safety of control, reduce power consumption, and improve operation efficiency.
In the future, the new power system will realize the fine grid segmentation of energy consumption and achieve "capsule near-zero emissions", and artificial intelligence and other control algorithms will become the operating mode and form that will dominate the future energy Internet.
Artificial intelligence will play a supporting role in building a distributed and efficient energy Internet, forming a new energy network that supports the coordination and complementarity of multiple energy sources, and timely and effective access, so as to realize real-time matching and intelligent response to energy supply and demand information.
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Informatization and intelligent technology
1. Deep integration of traditional data transmission and multi-heterogeneous data
The development, construction and operation of new energy stations are highly coupled with the hydrological and meteorological environments. In addition to the digital information transmission channel (traditional centralized control), it is also necessary to carry out real-time dynamic monitoring of the situation of the new energy site area through advanced remote sensing monitoring technology, collect on-site images (audio and video) and other data, and realize the closed loop of information.
2. Informatization and intelligent technology addition
The power generation unit operating under complex environmental conditions gradually forms a digital twin through information collection, which improves the experimental nature of the control strategy and realizes the early warning of the operation status of the equipment. (The digital twin system for the operation and maintenance of the offshore wind farm of Huaneng Qingneng Institute has been identified and reached the international leading level, and the Il offshore wind farm in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province has been deployed)
With the increasing development capacity of offshore wind power, underwater intelligent monitoring technology in the field of offshore wind power has also become a major development demand in the future.