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Knowledge of flood prevention and drought relief
01
Responsibilities and obligations for flood prevention and drought relief
The work of flood prevention and drought control is a work of the whole society and the whole people, and all units and individuals have the responsibility and obligation to participate in flood prevention and drought control. We must not be paralyzed, and we must attach great importance to it, widely publicize it, and increase our sense of urgency and crisis.
02
Classification of flood grades
Floods are the case for very large runoff, which often overflows because the river channel cannot hold it. According to the water source formed by the flood and the time of its occurrence, floods can generally be divided into two categories: impact snowmelt floods and storm floods.
☂ General flooding: return period less than 10 years.
☂ Larger floods: The return period is 10-20 years.
☂ Great Flood: 20-50 years return period.
☂ Mega floods: return period of more than 50 years.
The hydrological elements in the estimated return period include the peak flood level (flow) or the maximum flood volume during the period, which can be selected according to the hydrological characteristics of the river (river section).
03
Drought
It refers to the damage caused by drought to agricultural production, urban and rural economy, residents' lives and the ecological environment. It is mainly manifested in the difficulty of drinking water due to drought and the drought of crops due to drought.
04
Flood control
It refers to the relevant work carried out in flood forecasting, flood control scheduling, and application of flood control projects in order to prevent and mitigate flood disasters. The meaning of flood refers to the seasonal or periodic rising water phenomenon of rivers, lakes and other waters.
05
Antidrought
It refers to the organization of social forces, the adoption of engineering and non-engineering measures, and the rational development, allocation, conservation and protection of water sources. Activities to prevent and reduce the adverse impact of water scarcity on the life, production and socio-economic development of urban and rural residents.
Tips for flood prevention and drought relief
Flood prevention
Before the flood:
1. Residents living outside the urban area should avoid building houses in low-lying areas and landslide threat areas, and avoid building houses in places that are washed by river channel floods;
2. Urban residents, shopping malls, schools, factories and mining enterprises should be familiar with the surrounding environment, and provide their own necessary waterproof and drainage facilities, such as canvas, woven bags, sand and gravel, wooden boards, pumps, etc.;
3. Pay attention to the forecast of the local meteorological and flood control department.
4. Shopping malls, schools, squares and other densely populated areas should do a good job in personnel diversion and transfer in a timely manner.
After the flood:
1. When major signs are found or disasters have occurred, the news should be transmitted as soon as possible, so as to attract the attention of the government and strive to control the development of the disaster and rescue.
2. In an emergency, be cool-headed, act quickly, and give up decisively. Heavy rain floods are sudden, rising and falling steeply, and the duration is short. When you find that the river is swollen, you should evacuate quickly and not hesitate. When the river is flooded during the flood season, do not force the river to cross, and be patient to wait for the river to recede, or cross the river for a long detour.
3. In the event of heavy rain and flooding, pedestrians should stay away from dangerous areas such as high-voltage lines and electrical equipment, and turn off their mobile phones during thunderstorms. Schools should temporarily close for holidays or stay on campus to avoid floods according to the situation, arrange temporary accommodation, and notify family members to avoid accidents on the way to pick up and find their children.
4. Carry out emergency rescue such as artificial respiration for drowning victims in a timely manner.
Anti-drought
1. Build water conservancy and develop farmland irrigation;
2. Improve the farming system, change the composition of crops, breed drought-tolerant varieties, and make full use of the limited rainfall;
3. Afforestation, improve regional climate, reduce evaporation, and reduce the harm of drought;
4. Research and apply modern technologies and water-saving measures, such as artificial rainfall, sprinkler and drip irrigation, plastic film mulching, and temporary use of poor quality water sources, including inferior groundwater, seawater, etc.
Source: Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China