Mention brain-computer interfaces
What was your first reaction?
It's in a science fiction movie
Cool scenes
Or is it the "superpower" of mind control behavior?
As the "traffic responsibility" of the science fiction industry
The brain-computer interface has amazed countless people
So here's the question:
In real life
Can we really see brain-computer interfaces?
Knock on the blackboard!
It's popular science time!
In fact
Brain-computer interfaces are real
And already in the medical field
It plays a very important role
Want to get to know better
What is a brain-computer interface
Let's start with the story of Xiaojing
Let's start talking~
1
The "miracle" really happened!
The picture shows the patient being trained with the help of a rehabilitation robot.
A few years ago
A car accident
Comminuted fracture of the spinal cord that led to Xiao Jing
Diagnosed with "complete spinal cord injury"
Broken spinal cord
The neural network within the spinal cord is also harmed
The brain's instructions cannot be conveyed to the legs
This means - paralysis of the lower limbs
The possibility of Xiao Jing standing and walking again
Almost zero
The sudden change was like thunder
broke Xiaojing's original rhythm of life
But thankfully
Nerve connections between the brain and the lower limbs
There are still places where the "lotus root is broken".
In Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University
With the help of the "Restart Walking Plan".
After more than a year
Systematic brain-computer interface rehabilitation training
A "miracle" happened!
Xiao Jing is finally putting on the brace
and use of walking aids
Walk alone again
The picture shows the patient walking with a brace and a walker.
Such a "miracle"
It's just a brain-computer interface
One of the stories under the successful application
so
How did the "miracle" happen?
Principles of brain-computer interfaces
And what is it?
Let's move on~
2
How does the brain control behavior?
To understand the fundamentals of brain-computer interfaces
First of all, you have to know
How the brain controls behavior
The brain generates the intention to move
It is output to the limb in the form of an electrical signal
At the same time, the brain can also receive
Input of sensory information from the body
Once the conduction function of the message is impaired
The downstream output of the instruction
and the uplink input of sensory information is interrupted
This can lead to a severe loss of function
This can further affect activities of daily living
"Complete spinal cord injury
It is very common in neurosurgery clinics"
Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University
Dean Zhao Guoguang said
"Because of severe spinal cord injury
The patient's brain does not receive it at all
Sensory input below the level of injury
At the same time, movement commands cannot be transmitted to the muscles
This injury is done by traditional surgical means
or rehabilitative medicine
None of them can be carried out effectively
Functional recovery below the level of injury"
The patient is undergoing BCI rehabilitation
But in recent years
With the development of neuroscience
People are concerned about "complete spinal cord injury"
There is a new understanding
What is a "complete spinal cord injury"
May not be completely disconnected
There are still some nerve fibers in it
There may be a "broken thread"
How to make these "residual nerve fibers"
What about functioning again?
It's finally time to get on to today's topic!
That is
Take advantage of the "brain-computer interface"!
3
Big Revealed!
This is the "basic principle" of brain-computer interfaces
"Brain-computer interface technology
It's between the brain and external devices
Direct connections created
Through brain-computer interface technology
Signals of neural electrical activity in the brain can be extracted
Establish information feedback and interaction with external devices"
Zhao Guoguang said
"Based on this
Brain-computer interface rehabilitation training system
It's the heart of the 'Restart Walking Project'"
The picture shows the patient undergoing "sky rail" weight-loss walking training
Brain-computer interface rehabilitation
It can mobilize the brain to feel
and motor and other brain regions to work in tandem
Scientifically give the cortex and limbs
Applying motor and sensory tasks
Stimulates the center and effector to produce electrical signals
Through brain-computer interfaces
Between the brain and the limbs
Establish an artificial auxiliary conduction pathway
Make the information blocked between the two
Communication can continue
Unleash its "residual potential"
And that's not all
Brain-computer interface rehabilitation
It can also promote the reorganization of neurological functions
with robot-assisted technology
"Sky Rail" weight-loss walking training
traditional exercise therapy, etc
Rehabilitation techniques work in tandem with each other
Dramatically improve the effectiveness and progress of rehabilitation
4
What does a brain-computer interface look like?
It's been a long time
Clinical brain-computer interface
What does it look like?
International brain-computer interface
There are many types of technology
It can be roughly divided into:
Invasive brain-computer interfaces (e.g., intracranial implantable electrodes)
and non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (e.g., using scalp electrodes)
The patient is undergoing BCI rehabilitation
Compared to invasive brain-computer interfaces
The advantages of non-invasive brain-computer interfaces are:
The audience is relatively wide, the cost is low, and there is no risk of infection
"This brain-computer interface
may be more suitable for clinical rehabilitation"
Zhao Guoguang said
In the previous study
Motor and sensory function of the participant
All of them have achieved significant improvement to varying degrees
Many patients use appliances
The ability to "walk" was restored
The patient is using a rehabilitation robot for walking training
With the efforts of countless people
Brain-computer interfaces are no longer available
Only in science fiction movies and novels
The concept of existence
But literally
Apply to our lives
Looking forward to brain-computer interface technology
It can help more patients
Restore motor, sensory, and even cognitive abilities
This technology is also expected
It can be used more widely in more fields
Brain-computer interface technology
Really cow!
Source: Xinhuanet