In many shopping malls and office buildings, we can see glass smoke barriers, and many designers do not know much about the specific functions, types, relevant specifications and construction techniques of glass smoke barriers.
Today, let's take a look at the relevant content of glass smoke barriers from the following aspects:
1. What is the smoke barrier for, and what space is needed?
2. What design specifications need to be paid attention to in the smoke barrier vertical wall?
3. What should be done about the process node of the smoke barrier vertical wall?
01. What is a glass smoke wall?
1. Concept
First of all, let's take a look at the relevant provisions in the current industry standard "Smoke Barrier" XF 533-2012:
3.1 Smoke barriers, made of non-combustible materials, vertically installed under the roof, beam or ceiling of the building, can form a certain smoke storage space in the event of a fire.
3.3 Static smoke barriers, which are fixedly installed and can meet the set smoke barrier height.
5.1.2 Materials
5.1.2.1 The smoke barrier wall shall be made of non-combustible materials.
……
5.1.2.5 The glass material used to make the smoke barrier vertical wall shall be fireproof glass, and its performance shall comply with the provisions of GB 15763.1.
Then, from the above provisions, we can simply summarize as follows: glass smoke retaining vertical wall, which belongs to a kind of fixed smoke retaining vertical wall, is made of fireproof glass, and is vertically fixed under the building ceiling, beam or suspended ceiling, which can meet the set smoke retaining height and form a certain smoke storage space in the event of a fire.
source:google.cn
2. Role
When a fire breaks out in a building, the scorching smoke rises quickly and accumulates around the ceiling. In the absence of barriers, smoke spreads quickly along the ceiling throughout the building, creating a layer of smoke.
source：Smoke control in shopping centres
In the event of a fire, the smoke spreads laterally very quickly, and when the smoke covers the entire ceiling, it continues to spread down the walls.
source：Smoke control in shopping centres
If you want to limit the spread of smoke, a simple and effective way is to artificially divide the ceiling into a number of small spaces, that is, to divide the smoke partition, which is the role of the smoke barrier.
The use of non-combustible materials to block the smoke can effectively isolate the smoke from the lateral flow to prevent its rapid spread, and cooperate with the corresponding smoke exhaust ventilation system to greatly reduce the harmful impact of smoke and ensure safe escape and rescue.
source：Smoke control in shopping centres
It can be seen that the glass smoke barrier wall is a very commonly used fire-fighting facility, when the building needs to set up a smoke prevention and exhaust system and needs to divide the smoke-proof partition, the smoke barrier wall can be used for smoke separation, so as to play the role of fire prevention and strive for escape and rescue time.
3. Type
Glass smoke retaining vertical walls can usually be classified according to different glass materials, which are specifically divided into single piece of fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall, wireless fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall, and laminated fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall.
a. Single-piece fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall
The single-piece fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall can be divided into a single piece of ordinary tempered fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall and a single ultra-white tempered fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall.
It is characterized by good light transmittance, beautiful appearance, in which light transmittance: ultra-white > ordinary, the disadvantage is that when the smoke vertical wall encounters a certain strength of external impact, its stability will be weakened, and collapse may occur.
source:google.cn
△ Schematic diagram of monolithic ordinary and ultra-clear tempered fireproof glass materials
source:google.cn
△ Schematic diagram of the vertical wall effect of single-piece ordinary tempered fireproof glass
source:google.cn
△ Schematic diagram of the vertical wall effect of single-piece ultra-white tempered fireproof glass
b. Wire fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall
The wire-resistant fireproof glass is inlaid with steel wire in the center of the glass, also known as safety glass, and its outstanding advantage is that when the glass is broken by external force, because the broken glass will not fall or collapse completely, and has a high safety. The disadvantage is that the aesthetics are relatively poor.
source:google.cn
△ Schematic illustration of the effect of the smoke barrier vertical wall of the wireless fireproof glass
c. Laminated fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall
It belongs to the perfect type of glass smoke retaining vertical wall, which not only has the light transmittance and aesthetics of a single piece of fireproof glass smoke retaining vertical wall, but also has the safety and stability of the smoke retaining vertical wall of wireless fireproof glass. However, due to the production cost, the unit price is also relatively high.
source:google.cn
△ Laminated fireproof glass smoke barrier vertical wall effect
02. Relevant specifications for glass smoke retaining vertical walls
The relevant specifications of glass smoke retaining vertical walls are mainly for reference:
《挡烟垂壁》XF 533-2012
Technical Standard for Building Smoke Prevention and Exhaust Systems GB 51251-2017
Illustration 15K606 of the Technical Standard for Smoke Prevention and Exhaust Systems in Buildings
source:google.cn
1. Set requirements
According to the provisions of the code "Technical Standard for Building Smoke Prevention and Exhaust System" GB 51251-2017, smoke barrier vertical walls need to be set in the following cases.
4.1.3 The design of the smoke extraction system of the atrium of the building, the corridor connected to the atrium and the surrounding premises shall comply with the following requirements:
......
4. When the atrium and the surrounding places do not use fireproof partition walls, fireproof glass partition walls, and fireproof roller shutters, smoke barrier vertical walls should be set between the atrium and the surrounding places.
source：图集15K606
4.2.1 The place or part where the smoke exhaust system is set up shall be divided into smoke-proof partitions by means of smoke retaining vertical walls, structural beams and partition walls. Smoke zones should not cross fire zones.
source：图集15K606
4.2.3 In buildings with smoke exhaust facilities, the openings of open stairs and escalators should be equipped with smoke barrier walls and other facilities.
source：图集15K606
2. Height requirements
According to the provisions of the specification "Smoke Barrier" XF 533-2012, it can be seen that:
5.1.3.1 The smoke barrier height of the smoke barrier vertical wall shall meet the design requirements, and its minimum value shall not be less than 500mm, and the maximum value shall not be greater than the public value of the product model applied for testing by the enterprise.
According to the provisions of the code "Technical Standard for Building Smoke Prevention and Exhaust System" GB 51251-2017, it can be seen that:
2.1.11 储烟仓 smoke reservoir
Located at the top of the building space, the space formed by the smoke retaining vertical wall, beam or partition wall is used to store fire smoke, and the height of the smoke storage bin is the design thickness of the smoke layer.
source：图集15K606
4.2.2 The depth of smoke barrier separation facilities such as smoke barrier vertical wall shall not be less than the thickness of the smoke storage bin specified in Article 4.6.2 of this standard. For the space with the ceiling, when the ceiling opening is uneven or the opening ratio is less than or equal to 25%, the height of the space in the ceiling shall not be included in the thickness of the smoke storage warehouse.
source：图集15K606
4.6.2 When the natural smoke exhaust mode is adopted, the thickness of the smoke storage bin shall not be less than 20% of the net height of the space and shall not be less than 500mm, and when the mechanical smoke exhaust mode is adopted, it shall not be less than 10% of the net height of the space and shall not be less than 500mm. At the same time, the height of the bottom of the storage silo from the ground should be greater than the minimum clear height required for safe evacuation, and the minimum clear height should be calculated and determined in accordance with the provisions of Article 4.6.9 of this standard.
source：图集15K606
4.6.9 The minimum clear height of the area where the clear height of the corridor and indoor space is not more than 3m shall not be less than 1/2 of the clear height, and the minimum clear height of other areas shall be calculated as follows:
right =1.6 +0.1 H′ (4.6.9)
where: Hq - minimum clear height (m);
H′ - For a single-storey space, take the clear height of the building for the smoke exhaust space (m), and for the multi-storey space, take the floor height of the highest evacuation floor (m).
3. Single-section width requirements
According to the provisions of the specification "Smoke Barrier" XF 533-2012, it can be seen that:
5.1.3.2 The width of a single section of the rigid smoke barrier vertical wall made of non-combustible inorganic composite panels, metal plates, fireproof glass and other materials shall not be greater than 2000mm;......
source:google.cn
4. Appearance requirements
According to the provisions of the specification "Smoke Barrier" XF 533-2012, it can be seen that:
5.1.1 Appearance
5.1.1.1 Permanent signs shall be set up on the vertical wall of smoke barriers, and the signs shall be firm and the content of the identification shall be clear.
5.1.1.2 There should be no cracks, pits, missing corners, holes, obvious concave and convex, burrs and other defects on the surface of the smoke blocking parts of the vertical wall: the anti-rust coating or plating of metal materials should be uniform, and there should be no spot peeling and flowing.
5.1.1.3 The assembly, splicing or connection of the smoke barrier vertical wall should be firm and meet the design requirements, and there should be no dislocation and loosening.
03. The construction technology of the glass smoke barrier vertical wall
The construction of the glass smoke barrier wall is relatively simple, and the following is an example of the installation process of the glass smoke barrier wall in the light steel keel gypsum board ceiling, to talk about the specific construction practices.
The construction process is as follows:
Construction preparation→ measurement and positioning→ installation of glass base steel frame, boom and main keel→ hanging glass smoke retaining vertical wall→ installation of side keel, secondary keel and corner protection strip→ installation of gypsum board→ caulking treatment→ painting or spraying of finishing paint
1. Construction preparation
Before construction, it is necessary to check whether the dimensions of some civil structures on the site are consistent with the design drawings, and at the same time, it is also necessary to check whether the quality of construction materials is qualified, whether the construction machinery and tools can work normally and are ready, and whether the construction personnel do a good job of technical disclosure.
2. Measurement and positioning
The measurement and pay-off of the positioning axis of the smoke vertical wall must be parallel or perpendicular to the main axis of the main structure, and the use of high-precision laser level, theodolite, with standard steel tape measure, heavy hammer, level, etc. At the same time, the main keel positioning and boom fixing point of the light steel keel gypsum board ceiling should be played.
source:google.cn
3. Install the glass base steel frame, boom and main keel
The galvanized steel plate embedded parts are fixed on the structural beam or floor slab with expansion bolts, and then the glass base steel frame is welded with the galvanized steel plate embedded parts.
To install the ceiling boom, the boom can be installed by installing the boom embedded parts, brushing anti-rust paint, and then welding with the boom, or the boom can be fixed by using expansion bolts. The main keel is then mounted on the boom.
The connection between the channel steel and the glass base steel frame is fully welded and the fire and rust prevention treatment is done, and the glass hanging parts are installed.
4. Hang the glass smoke barrier vertical wall
Conceal the inspection first, and after passing the acceptance, the glass and the hanging parts are fixed. After the first piece of glass is in place, the verticality of the side of the glass should be checked, and the glass in place after the future should be checked to see if the upper and lower gaps of the glass that have been in place are equal and meet the design requirements.
5. Install side keel, secondary keel and corner protection strips
According to the design drawings and size positioning, install the side keel, the secondary keel and the corner protection strip in turn. The side keel is closed on the wooden square or rubber pad, and the secondary keel spacing should not be > 400mm.
6. Install gypsum board
According to the design drawings and size positioning, the gypsum board on the paper surface is fixed with the keel frame of the ceiling, and the junction position of the gypsum board and the glass smoke barrier vertical wall is closed with stainless steel corner strips.
source:google.cn
7. Caulking treatment
The gaps of gypsum board are made of plaster paste with gypsum powder mixed with white latex or polyethylene glue, and the gaps are filled tightly.
source:google.cn
△ Gypsum board caulking treatment
Paste the tape and paper tape in the gap between the vertical walls of the glass smoke barrier, then seal the seam with sealant, and then wipe off the excess colloid and other stains with a special detergent.
source:google.cn
△ Glass smoke barrier vertical wall caulking treatment
8. Brush or spray finishing paint
Scrape putty on the surface layer of gypsum board, polish it after the putty layer is dry, and then brush or spray the finishing paint. Usually one primer and two topcoats.
9. Precautions
a. The elastic line must be accurate, the installation keel should be straight and firm, and the keel spacing and arching height should be within the allowable range.
B, the keel must be firm, flat, the keel is strictly forbidden to have hard bending, the overall stiffness of the keel should be ensured, and the spacing size of the keel grid must meet the design requirements.
c. Lamps, fans and other heavy equipment larger than 3kg are strictly forbidden to be installed on the keel.
10. Node structure
source:google.cn
For the construction process of installing the hanging parts of the glass smoke barrier vertical wall on the inside of the ceiling, the friends have a general understanding!
Now the question is, the structure of the smoke barrier vertical wall shown in the figure below, should the inside of the ceiling be blocked?
Welcome to speak freely in the comment area~
source:google.cn
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