*For medical professionals only
If you ask the doctor if you eat sugar for diabetes, the doctor will probably answer that you are not.
But it is undeniable that there is a strong relationship between diet and diabetes, and there are foods that are associated with a high risk of diabetes.
Recently, a new study published in the journal Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, in which scientists analyzed data from more than 120,000 people in 20 countries in the PURE cohort and found a clear link between a high glycemic index and a high glycemic load associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
In the study, a high glycemic index was significantly associated with a 15% increase in the risk of diabetes, while a high glycemic load was associated with a 21% increase in the risk of diabetes, and this effect was more pronounced in people with a high BMI. It is worth mentioning that the glycemic index of mainland residents ranks first among all countries in the queue, and it seems that we really need to pay attention to food.
Diagram of the title of the dissertation
The glycaemic index is used to assess the effect of foods containing units of carbohydrates on blood sugar. In this study, white bread containing 50 g of carbohydrates was used as a reference standard, and its glycemic index was set at 100, non-leguminous starchy foods 93, sugar-sweetened beverages 87, fruits 69, fruit juices 68, non-starchy vegetables 54, legumes 42, and dairy products 38.
Food intake is also taken into account, and the product of glycemic index and net carbohydrate weight consumed is quantified by glycaemic index.
Data were derived from the prospective Urban-Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study, which included a total of 127594 participants with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus at a median follow-up of 11.8 years.
Overall, the median glycemic index of participants' diets was 85.9, grouped by region, with the Chinese diet having the highest glycemic index at 88.9, followed by Southeast Asia at 88.2 and Africa at 88.0. Glycemic load varies widely between regions, as low as 177.1 in North America and Europe, and as high as 346.0 in South Asia.
People with a higher glycemic index tend to be less educated, live in rural areas, have higher smoking rates, have lower levels of exercise, have a lower BMI, consume less dairy products, fruits and vegetables, legumes, fruit juices, unprocessed red meat/poultry, and have a higher intake of starchy foods.
Characteristics of the dietary glycemic index quintile
After adjusting for multiple variables such as demographics, lifestyle, health history, and dietary factors, the results showed that the highest group had a 15% higher risk of diabetes compared with the group with the lowest dietary glycemic index, and similarly, a high glycemic load was associated with a 21% higher risk of diabetes.
The data from model 3 was used as the final data
This effect is more pronounced in people with a high BMI.
The threshold for BMI grouping varies between regions, with 24.3 as the cut-off line for China.
The relationship between glycemic index and diabetes risk was more significant in those with high BMI
In fact, the association between a high glycemic index and high glycemic load of diet and type 2 diabetes has been controversial in previous studies, but this study can be said to provide a clear answer. The researchers believe that the above results are enough to show that the consumption of a low glycemic index and a lower dietary glycemic load can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.
Resources:
[1]https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(24)00069-X
The author of this article丨 Dai Siyu