Ninety percent of early-stage cancers can be cured, while late-stage cancers are life-threatening. The pre-tumor symptoms of the digestive tract are very insidious, known as "dumb cancer", which is easily ignored by people, and paying attention to gastrointestinal endoscopy is the most effective means to detect the early cancer of the digestive tract.
There is a high incidence of cancer in the two major systems of the human body.
The digestive tract is the "hardest hit area"
Three meals a day, food intake, waste discharge, and the frequency of contact between the digestive system and the outside world is the highest, making the digestive tract the "hardest hit area" for cancer.
Another area that has frequent contact with the outside world is the respiratory system. The respiratory system is also a "high-risk zone" for tumors. "According to statistics, the number of tumors in the two accounts for 70%~80%, and the number of digestive tract tumors accounts for almost half of all tumors. ”
Professor Hu Bing, director of the Digestive Endoscopy Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, member of the Standing Committee of the Digestive Endoscopy Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and chairman of the Digestive Endoscopy Committee of the Sichuan Medical Association, said.
The horror of digestive tract cancer is that there are no symptoms in the early stage, and even if surgery is undergo in the advanced stage, the recovery is not ideal, "The 5-year survival rate after resection of advanced tumors is only about 30%. Professor Hu Bing said.
However, if precancerous treatment is possible, the patient is a different outcome. "If detected early, diagnosed early, and treated early, patients with gastrointestinal tumors have a 95% cure rate. ”
The key to life and death lies in an examination that many people ignore - endoscopy.
Bowel cancer is often caused by intestinal polyps
In the past, bowel cancer occurred in people over the age of 45, but in recent years, its incidence has increased and the age of onset has advanced, which is related to the eating habits of high fat, high protein and low fiber that everyone eats too much fish and meat.
Also, be wary of intestinal polyps. Polyps are divided into hyperplastic polyps, inflammatory polyps and neoplastic polyps, the first two are relatively safe, "neoplastic polyps must be removed, otherwise it will be too late to develop cancer." Professor Hu Bing said.
Experts remind: People over 40 years old should have regular colonoscopy screening every year.
In fact, bowel cancer is very effective if it is detected early and treated promptly. It is worth noting that its early symptoms can be easily confused with hemorrhoids, colitis, intestinal polyps, etc.
Only gastrointestinal endoscopy can detect precancerous lesions
Gastrointestinal endoscopy is known as the "deminer" of early cancer of the digestive tract. For early cancer of the digestive tract that cannot be detected by routine physical examination, gastrointestinal endoscopy can make early cancer nowhere to hide.
Professor Hu Bing said that general methods cannot detect early cancer of the digestive tract, because the digestive tract is a hollow viscera, and ultrasound, CT, and magnetic resonance examination methods are not suitable for this kind of lumen structure organs.
In addition, at present, the markers of gastrointestinal tumors are not very sensitive, and the positive rate of gastrointestinal tumors is only about 20%, and they are not sensitive in the early stage.
The most effective way to detect early cancer of the digestive tract is gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Clinical findings, 20%~30% of the people who go to the digestive endoscopy center for gastrointestinal endoscopy have found intestinal polyps, and many gastric polyps have also been found.
Professor Hu Bing introduced that the gastrointestinal endoscope is a very thin tube with a camera at the front end, which can magnify 40 times, 100 times or even 500 times, through which the digestive tract can be seen clearly.
At present, endoscopic technology has "evolved" into a crossover between internal medicine and surgery, and it is equipped with treatment equipment like a surgical knife, and it can be completely removed if it is confirmed to be a precancerous lesion during examination.
Many people are afraid to have a gastrointestinal endoscopy. Professor Hu Bing pointed out that during the gastrointestinal endoscopy, it is necessary to cooperate with anesthesia administration, and there is no feeling during the examination, and it is good to sleep.
4 types of people, hurry up and do gastrointestinal endoscopy!
(1) People over 40 years of age. The general population, both men and women, and those over the age of 40 should have a gastrointestinal endoscopy done every year.
(2) People with a family history of gastrointestinal cancer. People with a family history of gastrointestinal cancer are a high-risk group for gastrointestinal cancer.
(3) People with gastrointestinal discomfort. Uncomfortable symptoms should be investigated as soon as possible, Professor Hu Bing commented on digestive tract tumors, 9 percent can be treated in the early stage, remember, don't drag small digestive tract problems into tumors.
(4) People with Helicobacter pylori infection and frequent stomach discomfort and unhealthy lifestyle.
Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric cancer, and if you are positive for Helicobacter pylori and have related gastrointestinal symptoms, it is recommended to also do gastroscopy to rule out the risk of cancer.
Stay away from digestive tract tumors, from a dietary point of view, these lifestyle habits should be abandoned-
Eat pickled products, kimchi and overly salty foods often, in order to save, moldy foods are reluctant to throw away, and often eat moldy foods.
Precautions for colonoscopy
1) Make an appointment in advance before colonoscopy, and prepare for intestinal cleansing.
Bowel preparation is done as follows:
(1) 1~3 days before colonoscopy, start to eat semi-liquid or low-residue diet, such as fish, eggs, milk, porridge, noodles, bread, porridge, etc., and avoid eating vegetables, fruits and other foods containing more cellulose residue;
(2) Morning examiner: 150 ml of 33% magnesium sulfate solution or 500 ml of 20% mannitol should be taken orally at 5:00 a.m. on the day of the examination, 500 ml of water should be drunk after 10 minutes, and it should be drunk within half an hour, and generally defecation more than 4~6 times until the discharge is light yellow and slag-free stool.
(3) Afternoon examiners: 150 ml of 33% magnesium sulfate solution or 500 ml of 20% mannitol should be taken orally at 9:00 a.m. on the day of the examination, 500 ml of water should be drunk after 10 minutes, and the bowel movements should be completed within half an hour, and the bowel movements should be more than 4~6 times until the discharge is light yellow and slag-free stool;
(4) If the bowel preparation is not satisfactory, clean the intestine if necessary, or follow the doctor's advice when using other laxatives;
(5) On the day of the examination, you can take a small amount of white sugar water to avoid hypoglycemia. Antihypertensive drugs and coronary heart disease medications can be taken as usual. Please prepare four packs of toilet paper for later use.
2) If you have a history of special diseases and medications, or have special requirements, such as electrocution of polyps, painless colonoscopy, pathological biopsy, etc., please explain to the medical staff in advance when making an appointment;
3) Please come to the digestive endoscopy room for endoscopy at the appointed time and line up in the waiting room.
4) Before the examination, please bring the electrocardiogram, previous colonoscopy results, pathological diagnosis and imaging examination and other relevant information for reference.
5) Endoscopic treatment such as polyp cutting, EMR, etc., mannitol is forbidden for bowel preparation; aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin and other drugs must be stopped for 1 week before surgery; after endoscopic treatment, the physician must obtain consent to continue to take aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, and fasting for 24 hours, avoid overwork and overactivity for half a month or follow the doctor's instructions. A small liquid diet or as directed by a doctor can be taken 2 hours after the biopsy.
6) If you are menstruating, please explain to your doctor that you should stagger your period before having a colonoscopy.
7) Patients with painless colonoscopy need to grasp the time, and generally abstain from drinking and fasting 3~4 hours before the examination. After the painless colonoscopy, you need to be accompanied by someone for 24 hours, and you must not drink alcohol, drive, or work at height or operate machinery.
8) In order to ensure the safety and smooth progress of examination and various endoscopic treatments, please do not enter the examination room without permission, so as not to affect the doctor's operation.
9) In the case that there is no contraindication to rehydration in elderly patients, appropriate rehydration can be considered, which can at least reduce the discomfort caused by fasting.
Illustrate:
1) Since the endoscope is an invasive examination, it is necessary to sign an informed notice before the examination.
2) All patients taking anticoagulants should not be biopsied.
3) Special lesions need to be biopsied and pathology, immunohistochemistry and other examinations need to be added, and the examination cost needs to be increased.
4) Painless gastrointestinal endoscopy needs to be accompanied by family members, and can only be left after 2 hours after the examination is completed.
Source: Chengdu Business Daily