In September last year, when General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected Heilongjiang, he first put forward the concept of "new quality productivity". Following the systematic exposition of the new quality productivity when General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over the 11th collective study of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee on January 31 this year, the new quality productivity has become an important keyword in this year's government work report and ranks first in the key work of this year. How can the petrochemical industry deeply study and profoundly comprehend the spirit of General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of speeches on "new quality productivity" and accelerate the development of "new quality productivity"? Combined with the harvest and experience of the theoretical study center group of the Party Committee of the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, the author briefly talks about his immature thinking and understanding.
1. What is "productivity"?
Productivity, according to the concept of political economy, refers to the ability of workers to create goods and services under specific conditions. This can be understood as the ability of human beings to create new wealth, that is, the ability to create social and material productive forces. The term "productive forces" was born in the 18th century, and after a century of evolution and continuous research, Marx and Engels scientifically summarized the concept of productive forces from a brand-new materialist view of history, and systematically expounded the contradictory movements between productive forces and production relations, economic base and superstructure, and became an important theoretical basis of Marxism.
Over the years, we have learned and understood that productive forces are the material basis for social production, the material root of social development, the basis for the existence and development of human society, and the decisive force for promoting the progress of history. In the process of studying "political economy", we also realize that Marx's three elements of productive forces are the laborer, the means of labor, and the object of labor. The development process of human history also tells us that the level of economic development is closely related to the level of productive forces, and the productive forces are historical, and it is a dynamic process of development from low to high, just as Marx observed through the historical conditions at that time, and then vividly said: "The hand-pushed mill produces the society of feudal lords, and the steam mill produces the society of industrial capitalists." ”
2. What is "New Quality Productivity"?
When presiding over the 11th collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping said: "Generally speaking, the new quality of productivity is the quality of advanced productivity that plays a leading role in innovation, gets rid of the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path, has the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, and conforms to the new development concept." It is born by the revolutionary breakthrough of technology, the innovative allocation of production factors, and the deep transformation and upgrading of the industry, with the basic connotation of laborers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimal combinations, and the substantial increase in total factor productivity as the core symbol, characterized by innovation, the key is high quality, and the essence is advanced productivity. This passage brilliantly explains very clearly what the "new quality productive forces" are dominated by, what characteristics they have, and why they give rise to them, as well as their basic connotations, signs, characteristics, and essence. At the same time, General Secretary Xi Jinping said: "High-quality development needs to be guided by new productivity theories, and new quality productivity has been formed in practice and demonstrated a strong driving force and support for high-quality development. This also points out that the new quality of the productive forces is mainly to meet the requirements of the development of the times, not only the re-innovation of the Marxist theory of the productive forces, the key is to use the new theory to guide the new practice, which is our deep understanding of the new quality of the productive forces and closely combined with the actual industry and work, to accelerate the development of the new quality of the productive forces of the basic compliance and clear guidance.
Third, we discussed how to speed up the development of new quality productive forces
When presiding over the 11th collective study of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that we should accelerate the development of new quality productive forces and solidly promote high-quality development. How can our comrades working in all walks of life, especially in the industrial field, speed up the development of new productive forces? I believe that we should focus on doing a good job in the "three prominences":
First, it is necessary to highlight the understanding of the importance of new quality productive forces. The general secretary said that "the development of new quality productivity is the internal requirement and important focus of promoting high-quality development" and "we must keep in mind that high-quality development is the last word in the new era". This is where the extreme importance of the new quality productive forces lies! The mainland's total economic output has ranked second in the world for more than 10 consecutive years, contributing more than 30 percent to world economic growth for many years in a row, and it is also the largest manufacturing country and the largest foreign exchange reserve country for many years, a veritable economic power and manufacturing power, and an important contributor to the stability and security of the world's industrial and supply chains. However, the contradiction of unbalanced and insufficient development, the gap between the east and the west and the gap between the north and the south are still relatively prominent, the status quo of large but not strong and the gap between per capita income and developed countries are still relatively obvious, and there are still stuck points and even "stuck neck" problems in key core technologies, as well as the problems of overcapacity and structural contradictions in some industries cannot be ignored. On the basis of the remarkable progress and achievements that have been made, the only way to break through many bottlenecks and constraints and cope with complex and severe challenges is to achieve high-quality development, and the key to achieving high-quality development is to accelerate the development of new quality productive forces. In accordance with the requirements of General Secretary Xi Jinping, we will fully implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a modern economic system, promote high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, coordinate the promotion of in-depth reform and high-level opening-up, and coordinate high-quality development and high-level security. By accelerating the development of new quality productive forces, promoting the orderly gradient transfer of industries, gradually resolving the contradiction of unbalanced and insufficient development, realizing the high-quality development of the industrial economy and regional economy, and promoting the realization of common prosperity in society; By accelerating the development of new quality productive forces, we will realize the leap from an economic power to an economic power; By accelerating the development of new quality productivity, solving the bottleneck of stuck points and "stuck necks", accelerating the high-end industry of a large manufacturing country, ensuring the safety of the industrial chain and supply chain, and achieving the goal of strengthening the country.
Second, it is necessary to highlight scientific and technological innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping particularly emphasized that the new quality of productivity is the quality of advanced productivity that plays a leading role in innovation, gets rid of the traditional economic growth mode and productivity development path, has the characteristics of high technology, high efficiency and high quality, and conforms to the new development concept. It is born by the revolutionary breakthrough of technology, the innovative allocation of production factors, and the deep transformation and upgrading of the industry, with the basic connotation of laborers, labor materials, labor objects and their optimal combinations, and the substantial increase in total factor productivity as the core symbol, characterized by innovation, the key is high quality, and the essence is advanced productivity. General Secretary Xi Jinping further analyzed that scientific and technological innovation can give birth to new industries, new models and new kinetic energy, which is the core element of the development of new quality productivity. It is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, especially original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation, accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance, and do a good job in tackling key core technologies, so that original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation achievements can emerge one after another, and cultivate new momentum for the development of new quality productive forces. Here is an interactive dialectical relationship, that is, in order to achieve high-quality development, it is necessary to accelerate the development of new quality productivity, and accelerate the development of new quality of productivity in innovation. From such an interactive dialectical relationship, it has once again confirmed the concept that "scientific and technological innovation is the core element for the development of new quality productive forces" that the general secretary particularly emphasized.
From Marx's theory of the "three elements" of the productive forces of "laborers, labor materials, and labor objects", combined with Marx's in-depth exposition of "the difference between various economic epochs lies not in what is produced, but in how to produce and what means of labor are used to produce", coupled with the history of human development, industrialization and economic development, it has been proved that the level of productive forces determines the level of economic development, and the importance of innovation has been proved, because innovation can make the means of labor and labor tools more advanced. More efficient, more capable, and more efficient in the output of wealth creation. Under the historical conditions at that time, Marx only saw the "steam mill" instead of the "hand-pushed mill", and saw the great role of technological progress in the first industrial revolution, because the first industrial revolution marked by the steam engine promoted human society from an agricultural society to a large-scale industrial era of large-scale industrialization, and the social productive forces achieved a great leap. The history of the development of human society tells us that later generations, the second industrial revolution marked by the internal combustion engine, human society entered the era of electrification; The third industrial revolution, marked by electronic computers and the Internet, has pushed human society into the information age. The history of industrial development and the history of human development have further confirmed that innovation and technological progress are the core elements and the key to the development of new quality productivity.
The third is to highlight green and low-carbon. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that green development is the background color of high-quality development, and new quality productivity itself is green productivity. We must accelerate the green transformation of the development mode and help achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Firmly establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and unswervingly follow the path of ecological priority and green development. Accelerate the innovation of green technology and the promotion and application of advanced green technologies, strengthen the green manufacturing industry, develop the green service industry, expand the green energy industry, develop green and low-carbon industries and supply chains, and build a green and low-carbon circular economic system. At the same time, we vigorously advocate a green and healthy lifestyle in the whole society.
The green and low-carbon transformation and the transformation of the green development mode are particularly important to the mainland's industrial structure, energy structure and economic structure. Compared with developed countries, the industrial structure of the mainland is dominated by basic industry and heavy chemical industry, and both basic industry and heavy chemical industry belong to resource-based and energy-based industries; The mainland's energy structure is dominated by coal, and the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption has continued to decline after continuous efforts, but it was still as high as 55.3% last year. In addition, the energy intensity of the mainland is much higher than the world average, more than twice that of developed countries, so we must pay more attention to green and low-carbon transformation in the face of the "double carbon" goal, and accelerate the transformation of green development modes (including production methods and lifestyles). Because the traditional mode of production and lifestyle, the past development ideas and models of investment, resources and scale no longer meet the new requirements of the green and low-carbon era and high-quality development, so to accelerate the development of new quality productivity, we must put the green and low-carbon transformation and the transformation of the green development mode in a more prominent position as one of the most important development contents.
Fourth, how to accelerate the development of new productive forces in the petrochemical industry
The petrochemical industry is an important pillar industry of the national economy and an important guarantee for new industrialization and Chinese-style modernization. The new industrialization of the petrochemical industry is directly related to the level of new industrialization in other industrial fields, and the high-quality development of the petrochemical industry also determines the development quality of other industrial categories and even the level of national security. Intuitively, if the technical level and quality level of electronic chemicals are not up to standard, the mainland's electronic information field, high-end manufacturing industry, and strategic emerging industries are easy to be "stuck"; If the mainland's new chemical materials, high-performance fibers and composite materials cannot be controlled independently, the mainland's high-end manufacturing, strategic emerging industries, aerospace, national defense and military industries and other cutting-edge fields and security fields will be subject to others. It can be seen that the high-quality development of the petrochemical industry has different importance and particularity compared with other industrial fields, which puts forward higher and more urgent requirements for the petrochemical industry to accelerate the development of new quality productivity. To accelerate the development of new quality productivity in the petrochemical industry, we must base ourselves on the current situation of the petrochemical industry, closely combine the reality of the petrochemical industry, and face the needs of the country's future development.
First, highlight the attributes of the petrochemical industry and accelerate the development of new productive forces in the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. The petrochemical industry is not only a resource-based and energy-based basic industry, but also an important supporting industry of the national economy. The attributes of supporting industries are to provide important supporting products and high-performance materials for light industry, textiles, high-end manufacturing, strategic emerging industries, aerospace, national defense and military industry; The attributes of the basic industry are that compared with developed countries or regions such as Europe, the United States and Japan, the industrial structure of the petrochemical industry in the mainland is mainly based on basic products and general materials, and the other is that the current production of petrochemical products and chemical materials mainly relies on fossil resources such as oil, natural gas, and coal as raw materials, which determines that the petrochemical industry is an industrial category with large resource consumption and energy demand.
Today's petrochemical industry in the mainland is very similar to the industrial structure, which is based on traditional industries, which also determines that the petrochemical industry to accelerate the development of new quality productivity, must work the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, which also requires the petrochemical industry to deeply understand the general secretary Xi Jinping in the Jiangsu Provincial delegation to participate in the deliberations of the Jiangsu Provincial delegation emphasized that "we must firmly grasp the primary task of high-quality development, and develop new quality productivity according to local conditions" The profound connotation of "adapting measures to local conditions" must be grasped and based on and closely combined with regional reality. Industry reality and enterprise reality. The petrochemical industry should continue to deeply understand what General Secretary Xi Jinping further emphasized that the development of new quality productivity is not to ignore and abandon traditional industries, but to prevent a rush and bubble, and not to engage in a model. All localities should insist on proceeding from reality, selectively promote the development of new industries, new models and new kinetic energy according to local resource endowments, industrial foundations, scientific research conditions, etc., transform and upgrade traditional industries with new technologies, and actively promote high-end, intelligent and green industries.
Although this was said by the Jiangsu Provincial Delegation and aimed at a region, the principle of "adapting measures to local conditions and proceeding from reality" emphasized is also applicable to an industry and an enterprise; To speed up the development of new quality productive forces, an industry or enterprise should also base itself on the actual conditions of the industry or enterprise, seriously analyze the resource endowment, industrial base, and scientific research conditions of an industry or even a country, study the advantages and bottlenecks and constraints of speeding up the development of new quality productive forces, and determine breakthrough points and key tasks and objectives. We can learn from the good practices and experiences of other industries and other enterprises, but we must not copy and copy, rush to the top, and engage in a model. In particular, an industrial system like the petrochemical industry, which is based on traditional industries, must highlight the industrial attributes, based on the actual situation of the industry, continuously increase the use of advanced and applicable technologies to transform traditional industries, continuously increase the demonstration and transformation of scientific and technological innovation achievements and industrial application, and continue to reduce the material consumption and energy consumption of the petrochemical industry and the emission level of "three wastes"; Through continuous transformation, upgrading and optimization, we will promote the petrochemical industry to achieve a new type of industrialization characterized by "high technology content, low resource consumption, low emission of 'three wastes' and good economic benefits".
Second, it is necessary to give prominence to the characteristics of the development of new-quality productive forces, and accelerate the development of new-quality productive forces in the process of intensifying innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly emphasized that "new quality productivity is the leading role of innovation" and "scientific and technological innovation is the core element of the development of new quality productivity". This is the key to grasping the new quality of productive forces, and it has also pointed out to us the important direction and key to speeding up the development of new quality of productive forces.
Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the petrochemical industry has continuously achieved new leaps in scientific and technological innovation, and has made major innovative breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration and exploitation, new oil refining technology, complete sets of ethylene technology for one million tons, synthesis and polymerization technology, engineering optimization and advanced control technology, large-scale gasifier and its complete set of technology in the field of modern coal chemical industry, coal-to-liquid (direct and indirect) industrialization technology, methanol-to-olefins industrialization technology, kerosene co-refining technology, and coal-to-degradable materials. A number of major key technologies and core technologies of engineering plastics, such as polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide and nylon new materials, have been broken through and industrialized; The key core technologies of a number of high-performance fiber materials such as carbon fiber, aramid, polyimide, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene have been overcome and industrialized one after another; High-end membrane materials such as ion membranes, organic/inorganic separation membranes, photovoltaic membranes, new energy battery membranes, cling films, and medical membranes have been successfully developed, and some have also broken the market monopoly and met the urgent needs of the market; A variety of fine chemicals, specialty chemicals, some electronic chemicals, high-purity reagents, etc. have also achieved mass production to meet some market demand. At the same time of making significant progress and achievements, we must also see that our independent innovation ability is not strong shortcomings are also obvious, high-end polyolefins, polyolefin elastomers, ultra-pure and ultra-clean reagents and higher performance fiber materials, dialysis membrane materials and other high-end products have long relied on imports, innovation has always been our obvious shortcomings from a petrochemical country to a petrochemical power, and the innovation ability is not strong has always been one of our pain points. This requires the petrochemical industry to accelerate the development of new quality productive forces, must adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall situation of the mainland's modernization, adhere to the "four aspects", take the national strategic needs as the guide, accumulate strength to carry out original and leading scientific and technological research, resolutely win the battle of core technology, actively undertake strategic, overall and forward-looking major national scientific and technological projects, enhance the independent innovation ability of enterprises and industries, accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-reliance, and give full play to the fact that science and technology are the primary productive forces. Innovation is the role of the first driving force.
In the 80s of the last century, Comrade Deng Xiaoping said, "Marx said that science and technology are productive forces, and facts have proved that this is very correct. In my opinion, science and technology are the primary productive forces." After Marx put forward the theory that "science and technology are productive forces," Comrade Deng Xiaoping clearly pointed out that "science and technology are the primary productive forces" when he looked at the history of the development of the world's industry for more than 100 years! Because the second industrial revolution and the third industrial revolution after Marx have fully proved the tremendous role of innovation and technological progress in promoting the development of productive forces and social progress, especially since the 80s of the last century, the rapid changes in science and technology and the continuous acceleration of industrial transformation have shown the great power of "science and technology are the primary productive forces". Today's facts also tell us that the means of labor with higher technological content are the source of power for the new quality of productivity, and many scientific and technological achievements such as new technologies, new processes and new equipment that have been continuously bred by the new scientific and technological revolution, as well as the rapid development of digital technology to promote the automation and intelligence of production processes and production tools, have greatly improved production efficiency and significantly enhanced the ability of human beings to create wealth. From the history of industrial development to today's practice, from "science and technology is the primary productive force" to "accelerate the development of new quality productivity", this is more intuitive and more clear that the petrochemical industry should deeply understand and implement the general secretary Xi Jinping's emphasis on scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation. The petrochemical industry should focus on major national strategic needs and key projects, and concentrate on tackling key problems in the fields of new chemical materials, high-end fine chemicals, high-performance fibers and their composite materials, high-end membrane materials and their special materials, ultra-pure and ultra-clean reagents (additives), and new technologies of modern coal chemical industry; It is also necessary to pay attention to the research and development of forward-looking technologies, such as component refining, molecular refining and crude oil direct to chemicals technology, large-scale electric heating furnace instead of steam cracking technology, syngas direct synthesis of olefins, carbon dioxide capture, purification, solidification and conversion, carbon dioxide as raw material synthesis chemicals or synthetic new materials, green hydrogen preparation, etc., strengthen scientific and technological innovation, especially originality, disruptive scientific and technological innovation, and do a good job in key core technologies, so that originality, Disruptive scientific and technological innovation achievements are emerging, and scientific and technological innovation achievements are applied to specific industries and industrial chains in a timely manner, transforming and upgrading traditional industries, cultivating and expanding emerging industries, laying out and building future industries, and improving the modern industrial system.
Third, we should highlight the epochal nature of productivity and accelerate the development of new quality productivity in the green and low-carbon transformation and digital upgrading. Nearly 180 years have passed since Marx formed a relatively mature and scientific concept of "productive forces" in 1847. It has also been nearly 40 years since Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward the famous thesis that "science and technology are the primary productive forces"; In the past 180 years, especially in the past 40 years, the development of the world economy has greatly exceeded the sum of the total since the birth of mankind, and the progress of science and technology has advanced by leaps and bounds. In today's era, economic development has far exceeded the imagination of Marx, Engels and their contemporaries, and China's economy is also leapfrogging the traditional development model and moving towards a new stage of high-quality development.
At a time when the world is facing the acceleration of major changes unseen in a century, the rapid progress of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the great power game and regional turmoil are intensifying, and the international political and economic environment is becoming more and more severe and complex. Under such a background and environment, the climate crisis faced by mankind is becoming increasingly severe, extreme weather, natural disasters are frequent, food crises and energy crises are constantly intruding on the survival crisis of mankind. It is an age of wisdom, but also an age of stupidity; It's a time of trust, but it's also a time of doubt." If we take the current world situation as a new annotation for this sentence, it is: "the best era" is when mankind jointly responds to the climate crisis and jointly builds a community with a shared future for mankind, and the "worst era" is the intensification of games and confrontations, the intensification of regional turmoil, and frequent crises. The "age of wisdom" is the rapid progress of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and the "age of stupidity" is the hegemonic thinking, zero-sum game, and the law of the jungle have always imprisoned some people's cognition; The "period of trust" is that good people always act from good intentions, and the "period of doubt" is when certain old and new hegemonic states always disappoint good people.
One of the characteristics of our time is the energy transition. In order to cope with the climate crisis, mankind is accelerating the transition to green and low-carbon, and the consensus of all countries is to effectively control greenhouse gas emissions, and its main measure is to accelerate the transition from fossil energy to clean energy. The transition from fossil energy to clean energy is a relatively long period, in this long transition period, it is necessary to go through the early stage of fossil energy, supplemented by clean energy, the medium term of fossil energy and clean energy, the later stage of fossil energy supplemented, clean energy, until the final transition to the complete withdrawal of fossil energy from the energy field, clean energy has become the main energy of human society. The petrochemical industry is facing severe challenges in this long transition period, but also has many new development opportunities, such as new chemical materials and high-end composite materials, functional chemicals, high-performance membrane materials, photocatalytic and conversion materials, special sealing materials and special materials required for new energy such as controlled nuclear fusion and hydrogen energy. To accelerate the development of new quality productivity, we must not only actively respond to the new challenges caused by the energy transition, but also seize the new opportunities of the energy transition, take advantage of the momentum, promote the high-quality development of the petrochemical industry, and achieve the goal of becoming a petrochemical power.
Another feature of today's era is digitalization. At present, the development of the digital economy is unprecedentedly fast, wide-ranging, and influential, and is becoming a key force in reorganizing global factor resources, reshaping the global economic structure, and changing the global competitive landscape. Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the petrochemical field has accelerated intelligent transformation and digital upgrading, carried out pilot demonstrations of smart factories and smart chemical parks, and promoted the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy, empowered the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and gave birth to new industries, new formats and new models.
In today's era, digital technology and digital economy are the first opportunity of the world's scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and are the key areas of a new round of international competition. "Strengthen the research of key core technologies, improve the basic research and development capabilities of digital technology, do a good job in tackling key core technologies, focus on breakthroughs in key software, promote the software industry to become bigger and stronger, and improve the innovation and supply capacity of key software technology.
According to the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the development of the petrochemical industry, "digital and intelligent transformation" is regarded as one of the four major development strategies, and the "14th Five-Year Plan" of the national chemical park will list "intelligent engineering" as one of the "five key projects". Focusing on key areas, in core business links such as production and operation, equipment management, safety and environmental protection, and supply chain collaboration, we have broken through 10 to 15 major key technologies for intelligent manufacturing, formulated and revised more than 20 intelligent manufacturing standards, and carried out pilot demonstrations of 100 smart factories and 50 smart parks, forming a number of excellent solutions for intelligent manufacturing in the industry; To further stimulate the innovation of enterprises, improve the management level and operational efficiency of enterprises and the whole industry, promote the transformation of operation and management from extensive to refined, greatly reduce operating costs and material consumption and energy consumption, and significantly improve labor productivity and intrinsic safety level, helping to promote the high-quality development of the petrochemical industry and move towards the goal of becoming a petrochemical power.
Fourth, grasp the future development trend of the petrochemical industry, and accelerate the development of new quality productivity in the process of cultivating modern petrochemical industry clusters. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that it is necessary to apply scientific and technological innovation achievements to specific industries and industrial chains in a timely manner, transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and expand emerging industries, advance the layout and construction of future industries, and improve the modern industrial system. The Central Economic Work Conference put "leading the construction of a modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation" in the first place of the nine key tasks, and in this year's government work report, "vigorously promote the construction of a modern industrial system and accelerate the development of new quality productive forces" ranked first among the ten major tasks, which shows the layout of the importance of the Party Central Committee to the construction of a modern industrial system. The development of the petrochemical industry is based on bases, parks, refining and chemical integration and industrial clusters, which are the best practices proven by the practice of developed countries, because the cluster development of the petrochemical industry not only realizes the mutual supply of raw materials, energy sharing, and upstream and downstream coordination of the industrial chain, but also reduces logistics and transportation, energy consumption, cost saving and centralized disposal of the "three wastes", laying a solid foundation for the high-quality development of the petrochemical industry. World-class petrochemical bases such as BASF in Germany, Jurong Island in Singapore, and Antwerp in Belgium, as well as Shanghai Chemical Industry Park, Nanjing Jiangbei New Material Science and Technology Park, Huizhou Daya Bay Petrochemical Base, Lianyungang Xuwei New Area, and Ningdong Modern Coal Chemical Demonstration Base, have provided us with successful cases and good references. The world-class petrochemical base and modern petrochemical industry cluster will create good conditions for the petrochemical industry to accelerate the development of new quality productivity. Therefore, about 650 chemical parks and petrochemical bases and petrochemical enterprises that have been identified should conscientiously implement the national "14th Five-Year Plan Guide for Chemical Parks and Medium and Long-term Development Prospects", organize the implementation of the "five key projects", focus on cultivating the overall deployment and target requirements of the "five world-class petrochemical industry clusters", and conscientiously organize and implement the industrial upgrading innovation project and intelligent project in accordance with the requirements of the new era, implement the new development concept, and accelerate the development of new quality productivity. Green chemical engineering, standardization engineering and high-quality development demonstration projects, actively explore low-carbon or zero-carbon demonstration parks and creation, the national layout of the "seven petrochemical bases" and "four modern coal chemical demonstration industrial parks" and related chemical parks, to focus on the Bohai Bay, Hangzhou Bay, Haixi Meizhou Bay, Pan Daya Bay "coastal petrochemical industry clusters" and "energy Golden Triangle modern coal chemical industry clusters" to increase cultivation efforts, and strive to the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan" the "five world-class petrochemical industry clusters" By 2035, we will build a world-class petrochemical industry cluster with global competitiveness and sail at home and abroad, and become an important base and carrier for the development of the petrochemical industry.
Fifth, it is necessary to give prominence to the factors that are most active in the productive forces, increase the training of qualified personnel, and provide an important guarantee for speeding up the development of new productive forces. According to Marx's theory of the "three elements" of productive forces: laborers, labor materials, and labor objects, laborers are the most active factors in the productive forces, and only through the effective labor of labor materials and labor objects can new wealth be created; Without the laborers, neither the means of labor nor the objects of labor will produce new wealth on their own, so the laborers are the decisive factor in the productive forces, and without the contingent of high-quality laborers, they will lose the important prerequisite and conditions for speeding up the development of new quality productive forces, and they will not be able to form new quality productive forces. In that era, due to the scarcity of educational resources and the limited accumulation of knowledge, most of the laborers were peasants, operation workers, and other strata, while most of today's laborers are well-educated intellectual strata, and the amount of knowledge, knowledge level, operational level, consciousness level, and thinking ability mastered by them are dozens or even hundreds of times that of the laborers of that era; In addition, the tools of labor today are much more complex than those of that era, especially since the information age, the degree of mechanization, automation and digitization have been greatly improved, and the requirements for workers in the development of new quality productive forces today are also much higher.
The mainland is currently the country with the largest working population in the world, with more than 12 million new college graduates every year, but at the same time, it is also a country lacking high-quality talents, and there is a significant gap between the proportion of high-quality talents in the working population and developed countries, and the proportion of the national population is even lower; Many newly graduated college students, even graduate students, may not necessarily adapt to the new jobs, especially some have not yet adapted to the new requirements of developing new quality productivity. As far as the talent team is concerned, there are many entrepreneurs in the mainland, but there is a lack of entrepreneurs with international vision and international management level; There are many innovators in the mainland, but there is a lack of talents engaged in original innovation, disruptive innovation and self-reliance and self-reliance in major key technologies (taking the Nobel Prize as an example, the United States is the country that has won the most Nobel Prizes in science, and by 2022, a total of 384 people in the United States have won the Nobel Prize, 132 in the United Kingdom, and 111 in Germany; The 2023 Nobel Prize has a total of 6 awards and 11 winners, including 6 from the United States); The mainland has a huge team of operators, but there is a serious shortage of high-skilled personnel. Today, as we speed up the development of new productive forces, we must regard the building of the contingent of qualified personnel as the most important factor and give more prominence to it.
Through discipline education and continuing education, the first is to attach great importance to the cultivation of innovative talents, which is the core team to accelerate the development of new quality productivity, is the key element, original innovation, disruptive innovation, key core technology innovation and independent innovation team is strong, to accelerate the development of new quality productivity has a strong driving force; The second is to attach great importance to the cultivation of high-skilled talents, which is the main team to accelerate the development of new quality productivity, the team that plays a key role in the "three elements" of "laborers, labor materials, and labor objects", and is also an important team that can realize the "optimal combination" of these "three elements" and greatly improve the total factor productivity; Third, it is necessary to attach great importance to the construction of a contingent of managerial talents, especially the contingent of entrepreneurs in the new era, which is an important backbone contingent for accelerating the development of new-quality productive forces, and is also where the leadership and decision-making power in the process of accelerating the development of new-quality productive forces lies. In short, we must implement what General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized, in accordance with the requirements of the development of new quality productive forces, smooth the virtuous cycle of education, science and technology, and talents, and improve the working mechanism of talent training, introduction, use, and reasonable flow. According to the new trend of scientific and technological development, it is necessary to optimize the discipline setting and talent training mode of colleges and universities, and cultivate urgently needed talents for the development of new quality productivity and the promotion of high-quality development.
Due to the limitation of knowledge, coupled with the lack of deep learning and understanding, it is inevitable that there will be biases, so we only hope to communicate and inspire each other, and jointly contribute a little useful enlightenment to accelerate the development of new productive forces in the petrochemical industry.