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Sijiaoping ruins
My Trip in 2024
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The four corners of the square ping, the Qin culture.
When thousands of years later, the simple and exquisite moire tiles, rope pattern cylinder tiles, back grain floor tiles, hollow bricks...... When it was discovered at the top of the four-grid mountain in Lixian County, it was a sensation and gave people endless confidence.
With the continuous efforts of archaeologists, a piece of Sijiaoping cultural relics and a rigorous and symmetrical building complex relics brushed away the loess and rediscovered the light of day, highlighting the national will during the Qin Empire, witnessing the historical process of the national sacrifice reform and China's "great unification", and telling the style and spirit of the early stage of the formation of China's ancient unified state.
The Sijiaoping site in Lixian County was also successfully selected as one of the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in China" in 2023.
Where is the square lawn? Why was it built, why is it here, what is it like, and what inspiration does it leave for future generations......
With more questions, the reporter walked into the Sijiaoping site of Lixian County, and through the archaeological relics and the narration of the excavators, he perceived the dialogue between history and the present and the future.
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My Trip in 2024
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Follow the neatly groomed dirt road up the stairs until you reach the highest point of the mountain, where a square platform comes into view.
This is the top of the Sigezi Mountain in Lixian County, with an altitude of 1,867 meters, the Sijiaoping site is located here, 2.5 kilometers away from the county seat of Lixian County, and the top of the mountain is artificially treated as a large platform, with an area of about 28,000 square meters. Zhao Juan, a member of the archaeological project of the Sijiaoping site and an associate researcher of the Lixian County Museum, told the story.
Zhao Juan is a native of Lixian County, and she is extremely proud that the Sijiaoping site was selected as one of the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in the Country", and she also has a special fate with Sijiaoping.
"In 2009, we discovered the site during our investigation and collected some building materials such as slabs, cylinders, and tiles. Zhao Juan said that in 2012, the Qin culture archaeological team conducted another investigation and found the rammed earth wall on the west side, and collected some bricks and tiles. In 2019, the Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology comprehensively explored the Sijiaoping site in Lixian County and discovered a large building complex.
Walk slowly along the rammed earth wall on the perimeter, with moire tiles, hollow floor tiles, hollow bricks, and drainage components...... Arranged in an orderly manner at the original site, a glance for thousands of years.
Since 2020, the Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, together with the Department of Cultural Relics and Museology of Fudan University and the School of Archaeology and Museums of Peking University, has conducted archaeological excavation and architectural restoration research on the site. Zhao Juan told reporters.
As the reporter can see, the relics unearthed at the Sijiaoping site are mainly building components. "Combined with the size of the Qin Dynasty weights and measures standard, the building size of the Sijiaoping ruins is fully in line with the provisions of the Qin ruler, which is the setting of the whole ruler, and the Sijiaoping ruins have made a very rigorous plan at the beginning of the construction. Hou Hongwei, the leader of the archaeological team of the Sijiaoping site and the deputy research librarian of the Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said.
Carefully observe the ruins, whether it is the overall layout with the large rammed earth platform as the core, or the ancillary buildings distributed at the four corners, or even the laying of cobblestones, they are all symmetrical patterns in the center, and the specifications and patterns of the building components are unified, and the system is unified.
The architectural pattern reflects the ideological cognition of the builder, and walking into the Sijiaoping ruins is like knocking on the door of the Qin Empire's architecture.
According to the characteristics and production process of the unearthed building materials, combined with the historical background, the Sijiaoping site is the remains of the Qin Empire after the unification of Qin, and is the only ceremonial building complex that represents the will of the country during the Qin Empire period, which is a landmark building for the transformation from the kingdom to the imperial stage, and also the materialized carrier of the national sacrificial reform and the historical process of China's "great unification".
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Standing on the ruins of Sijiaoping, looking into the distance, one side is the ruins of Dabaozi Mountain, the other side is the ruins of Xishan, Sijiaoping is located in the center point, three points and one line, echoing each other from afar, and constructing the three major blocks of Qin cultural sites in Lixian County.
Why is the Sijiaoping site in Li County?
Tracing back to the origin, the area around Lixian County was called "Xitui" during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which was the birthplace of early Qin culture and the location of the earliest capital of the Qin State. In the 90s of the 20th century, Dabaozi Mountain in Lixian County was famous for the discovery of the Qin Cemetery.
According to historical records, Qin Shi Huang had a western tour in the second year of the unification of the country before the eastern tour, and the area he went to was Qin's Beidi County (now Pingliang, Qingyang area) and Longxi County (today's Shui, Longnan, Dingxi region), Li County belonged to Qin Longxi County, where the early capital of the Qin people and the cemetery of the ancestors were found. Zhao Juan said. The Sijiaoping site is a large building complex in the Qin Dynasty, which is extremely rare in scale and high in rank, and it is speculated that it is likely to be a sacrificial place prepared for the first emperor's western tour.
"The excavation of the Sijiaoping site in Lixian County is a continuation of the early Qin culture project, as of this year, it has been carried out for 20 years, in the past 20 years, we have carried out a comprehensive archaeological survey of the upper reaches of the Western Han River and the upper reaches of the Wei River, and selected important Qin culture sites and Xirong culture cemeteries for archaeological excavations. Hou Hongwei gave a detailed introduction to the background of the excavation of the Sijiaoping site.
Lixian was originally the birthplace of the Qin people, the Qin state, and the Qin culture. Professor Li Kaiyuan, a researcher at the Center for Ancient Chinese History at Peking University, said in the book "From Qin Shi Huang to Liu Bang": "Qin Xianggong is the first generation of Qin Gong, the ancestor of the founding of Qin, and his ancestral temple is the ancestral temple of Qin, which has a special significance in the history of Qin. ”
Mr. Wang Zijin, a professor at the Chinese People's University and a chief expert on contemporary Qin history, said: "The Xizhuo homeland is the spiritual origin of the Qin people's eastward progress, and the hometown of the entire Qin tribe. ”
"The Sijiaoping site was originally the 'Temple of Heaven' built by the Great Qin Empire in Lixian, the place where the Qin people rose!" Zhao Wenbo, honorary president of the Gansu Provincial Qin Culture Research Association, defined Sijiaoping.
Step by step, we can feel civilization in archaeological relics, and every cultural relic is a living inheritance.
In Sijiaoping, in Lixian, this heaviness and inheritance are condensed into a "historical avenue" that records Qin culture, from the kingdom to the empire, and it is difficult to hide its glory for thousands of years.
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What is history and what is inheritance?
The source is long, and the roots are deep. Cultural relics are not the swan song of history, but should have the echo of the times.
As a large-scale ceremonial building built after the unification of the whole country by Qin, the Sijiaoping building complex is undoubtedly the embodiment of the national will and national spirit, and provides a very important template for the same type of architecture in later generations. Zhao Juan said that the discovery and research of the Sijiaoping site has enriched the development of ancient Chinese national sacrificial buildings, enhanced historical credibility, enriched historical connotation, and activated the historical scene, which is of great value for the study of China's early national ritual system.
See through the history, see through the people.
For Zhao Juan, the Sijiaoping site was selected as one of the "Top Ten New Archaeological Discoveries in the Country", which is of more far-reaching significance, "When I decided to declare the top ten new archaeological discoveries in the country, I was not confident and worried that I would not be selected." Zhao Juan said, but after being successfully selected, the cultural self-confidence and spirit hidden in the blood were completely activated. "All walks of life and major media have paid attention to and reported on Sijiaoping in an all-round way, and I am proud to participate in it, and I am even more proud to be a person from Lixian County. ”
Mr. Liang Yun, an archaeologist and doctoral supervisor of Northwest University, who has participated in the excavation and research of "Dabaozi Mountain Ruins" and "Xishan Ruins", said: "There is an unparalleled cultural heritage in the desolate ravine in Lixian County"!
From the prosperous era of the Qin people to the modern civilization, the enterprising spirit of the Qin people is engraved in the bones and hidden in the blood, leaving endless cultural genes for this land.
History shines into reality and enlightens the future. With a sense of urgency and a sense of responsibility to seize the day, Lixian County, which blends ancient and modern, is in full swing and going all out to write a new chapter of high-quality development.
(Text / Reporter Shi Gu, Jin Shumin, Luo Yan / Provided by Lixian Cultural Relics Bureau)