Kongtong Mountain in Gansu Province is a famous Taoist mountain in mainland China and one of the birthplaces of Taoism in China. Regarding Kongtong Mountain, there are also northern, middle and southern divisions, among which there is a saying that Pingliang is the North Kongtong, Henan Ruzhou is the middle Kongtong, and Guangdong Yangchun is the South Kongtong.
Some scholars believe that Kongtong Mountain in Ruzhou is "close to the capital of the Yellow Emperor (according to the record of the Water Classic", "Xinzheng County" is "the capital of the Yellow Emperor"), only 150 kilometers, and it is just "west of Xinzheng", "from the perspective of the ground, it conforms to the Yellow Emperor's 'west as Kongtong'", so it is believed that the Kongtong Mountain of "the Yellow Emperor asked Guangchengzi" should be in Ruzhou, Henan. It also cites the sixth volume of the "Immortal Interpretation" of the engraved book "Ruzhou Chronicles" in the first year of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty (1506) and says: "Guangchengzi, a native of Xuanyuan Shi, lives in the stone room of Kongtong Mountain in Ruzhou, and the Yellow Emperor made Yan, asking the ...... of the Tao."
The first volume of "Guangchengzi" in the "Legend of the Immortals" written by Ge Hong, a Taoist master of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, does not specify that Guangchengzi "lives in the stone chamber of Kongtong Mountain in Ruzhou", but only says that Guangchengzi "lives in the stone chamber of Kongtong Mountain".
Tang Li Jifu wrote the third volume of the "Yuanhe County Atlas" and recorded: "Lutou Mountain, a Kongtong Mountain, is one hundred miles west of the county (Pinggao County, now Pingliang City), that is, the place where the Yellow Emperor learned the Tao of Guangchengzi. "The Yellow Emperor saw Guangchengzi in Kongtong in the west, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Xingxingyong, the ancestral hall five, and then ascended Kongtong, and for this mountain also. ”
At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Gu Yanwu, a master of Puxue, wrote the "Book of Diseases of the Heavenly Counties" (the volume is unknown) said: "Kongtong Mountain is in the border of Ru and Yu two states, and there is a great immortal view. There are Guangchengzi temple and Kongtong view on the peak, and there are Guangcheng tomb and city below, that is, the Yellow Emperor asks the question. Pingliang and Lintao each have Kongtong Mountain, and each cloud is wide into a hidden place. Zhuangzi said that the Yellow Emperor asked Kongtong, and then said that he saw Dakui, and was fascinated by the wilderness of Xiangcheng, which is undoubtedly a mountain. ”
Some scholars said that the "Historical Records of the Five Emperors" said that the Yellow Emperor "went west to Kongtong", and the "Taishi Gong's Self-Narrative" said that "the Yellow Emperor went to Kongtong and climbed Jitou Mountain", and Jitou Mountain, Qiantou Mountain, and Lutou Mountain are other names for Pingliang Kongtong Mountain. During the Qin and Han dynasties, Kongtong Mountain was the only place to pass through the Jitou Road that connected Guanzhong in the east and Longyou in the west. Therefore, Sima Qian said in the "Qin Shi Huang Benji" that Qin Shi Huang "toured the west and north of Longxi, and went out of Jitou Mountain"; in the "Feng Zen Book", he said that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "went to Longxi and ascended Kongtong in the west"; and said in the "Records of the Five Emperors": "Yu tastes the west to Kongtong, the north through Zhuolu, the east gradually to the sea, the south to the Jianghuai, and the elders are often called the Yellow Emperor, Yao, and Shun."
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Tai, the editor-in-chief of the first volume of the "Chronicles of the Ancient Lands", recorded: "Lutou Mountain, a Kongtong Mountain, is in the west hundred miles of Pinggao County, Yuanzhou. "Yu Gong": Jingshui. "Chronicles of the Ground" cloud: Or Jitou Mountain. Li Dao Yuanyun: Gai Da Longshan is also a different name. ”
The fourth volume also recorded: "Kongtong Mountain is sixty miles southeast of Fulu County, Suzhou (now southwest of Gaotai County, Gansu). ”
From this point of view, whether the Yellow Emperor asked about Kongtong Mountain in Pingliang, Gansu, or Zhongkongtong Mountain in Ruzhou, Henan, there is a certain truth, and there are also their own historical documents as support. Perhaps, the Yellow Emperor visited all over the famous mountains and rivers, and it is very possible that he has been to both Kongtong Mountains.
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