#精品长文创作季#
Peasant Revolt - The end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty
The turbulent times at the end of the Sui Dynasty were a bit similar to the secession of the heroes in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, but it was somewhat different from the late Eastern Han Dynasty, in which most of the warlords of the feudal towns in local states and counties were divided, and most of the separatist forces at the end of the Sui Dynasty were peasant rebel armies, so the number of peasant uprisings at the end of the Sui Dynasty was much greater than that in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
In the last years of the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty built a large number of buildings year after year, and launched a war against Goguryeo three times.
(Armed uprisings of local warlords such as Li Yuan, Wang Shichong, and Xiao Miao, which are not within the scope of peasant uprisings)
1. Wagang Army Uprising (Zhai Rang, Li Mi)
Among the peasant uprisings at the end of the Sui Dynasty, the historical popularity of the Wagang Army should be the highest, and most of the heroes of the Sui and Tang Dynasties that everyone knows from novels and commentaries are from the Wagang Army, such as Qin Shubao, Cheng Yanjin, Shan Xiongxin, Wang Bodang, Xu Maogong and others, all from the Wagang Army.
The earliest leader of the Wagang army was Zhai Rang, who gathered people to revolt in the area of Wagang (now Huaxian County, Henan) very early, but in the early days, it was similar to the style of Shuibo Liangshan, occupying the mountain as the king, robbing the rich and helping the poor, robbing the house and robbing the house, and doing the right thing for the sky, and there was no clear political goal!
In 616 AD, Li Mi, a descendant of Li Bi of the Eight Pillars of the Western Wei Dynasty, defected to the Wagang Army and became the military advisor of the Wagang Army after participating in the failure of Yang Xuangan's army.
Li Mi is very politically savvy and politically visioned, he is by no means satisfied with being the king of Wagang Mountain, and his political ambition is to seize the world.
With the assistance of Li Mi, General Wagang gradually grew in strength, defeated the attacks of the Sui Dynasty army many times, and also killed the famous Sui Dynasty general Zhang Xutuo on the battlefield, and his momentum grew day by day.
Later, at the suggestion of Li Mi, the Wagang army also broke through the Luokoucang and Liyang warehouse, which were important grain and grass bases in the Sui Dynasty, and opened a warehouse to release grain, which won the hearts of the people in the Central Plains, and the team expanded to more than 200,000 people.
At this time, the power of the Wagang Army reached its peak and became the most powerful military force at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and Li Mi also had the ambition to conquer the Central Plains and overthrow the Sui Dynasty!
But at the critical moment, there was internal strife within the Wagang Army, because Li Mi played an important role in the repeated battles of the Wagang Army, his personal ability and prestige in the army became higher and higher, so the leader Zhai Rang took the initiative to give the leadership of the Wagang Army to Li Mi, but Zhai Rang's brother Zhai Hong and others were very dissatisfied, and repeatedly persuaded Zhai Rang to regain the leadership.
Although Li Mi is a very capable corporal, he is also very suspicious, and after learning about this, he decided to strike first and directly killed Zhai Rang and others.
After Zhai Rang's death, Li Mi monopolized the power of the Wagang Army, but the strength of the Wagang Army was also seriously weakened!
After Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was killed, Yu Wenhua led the old department of the Sui Dynasty to the north and also joined the ranks of the struggle for hegemony in the world, while the old opponent of the Wagang Army, Luoyang Taishou Wang Shichong and others, supported Yang Tong, the king of Yue, as the emperor.
The small court of Luoyang has been besieged by Li Mi's Wagang army, and Wang Shichong and others want to use Li Mi's Wagang army to deal with Yu Wenhua.
Therefore, Emperor Yang Tong canonized Li Mi as Tai Lieutenant, Shang Shuling, Marshal of the Daxingtai Marching Army of Southeast Dao, and Duke of Wei, hoping to use Li Mi's powerful army to kill Yu Wenhua and then enter the auxiliary government of Luoyang.
Li Mi had great political ambitions at this time, and he wanted to enter the imperial court, and he was overconfident in the combat effectiveness of the Wagang army, so he led his troops to fight with Yu Wenhua, and the two sides were exhausted, although Li Mi finally defeated Yu Wenhua, but the strength of the Wagang army suffered a huge loss!
At this time, the treacherous and cunning Wang Shichong suddenly launched an attack on the Wagang army, because Li Mi was arrogant and complacent, inconsiderate of the soldiers, the Wagang army was disheartened, and was finally defeated by Wang Shichong, Li Mi was forced to surrender to Li Yuan, and the Wagang army was destroyed!
After Li Mi surrendered to Li Yuan, he wanted to break away from Li Yuan, but in the process of escaping, he was chased and killed by the Tang Dynasty!
2. Hebei Dou Jiande and Liu Heitar uprising
Dou Jiande, a native of Zhangnan, Beizhou (now Wucheng County, Shandong), has been farming for generations, once served as the mayor, is generous and righteous, and has a lot of prestige in his hometown!
In 611 AD, Dou Jiande joined the peasant rebellion in Gaoshida.
In 616 AD, Gao Shida thought that his ability and prestige were not as good as Dou Jiande, so he took the initiative to let Xian and elected Dou Jiande as the leader of the army.
After Gao Shida was killed by the Sui Dynasty army, Dou Jiande became the undisputed leader of this peasant army, and he led his troops to defeat the Sui Dynasty army many times, and the ranks continued to grow, up to hundreds of thousands of people, dominating Hebei!
In 617 AD, Dou Jiande proclaimed himself the king of Changle in the area of Leshou and set up a hundred official institutions.
After Emperor Yang of Sui was killed, the world rose together, and it became a pot of porridge, and it seemed that everyone had the strength to win the country, so Dou Jiande established the Xia Kingdom and called himself the King of Xia.
In 619 A.D., Yu Wenhua and the remnants who were defeated by Li Mi fled to Wei County, and actually ascended the throne as the emperor, Dou Jiande hated Yu Wenhua and this despicable and shameless villain who killed the monarch very much, and sent troops to attack Yu Wenhua and, and finally beheaded Yu Wenhua and the masterminds of the gang of king-killing masters, which was very happy.
At this time, among the heroes of the world, in terms of military strength, Li Yuan's Tang Dynasty and Dou Jiande's Xia State were the strongest, and Wang Shichong's Zheng State was the second.
Originally, this three-legged situation in the north would last for a while, but luck was not on Dou Jiande's side.
In February 621, Dou Jiande was worried that after Wang Shichong was eliminated by the Tang Dynasty, the Xia Kingdom would be isolated, so he took the initiative to send troops to reinforce Wang Shichong.
In March, Dou Jiande gathered 300,000 troops and stationed them at Hugao Pass, and agreed with Wang Shichong to flank the Tang army inside and outside.
It's a pity that Dou Jiande met Li Shimin, the king of Qin, a military wizard in the early Tang Dynasty!
Although Dou Jiande had an obvious superiority in troops, he was repeatedly defeated by Li Shimin, and the morale of the front-line troops was shaken.
In May, Li Shimin led his troops to ambush and attack the Xia army, Dou Jiande was unlucky, he was captured on the battlefield, and the Xia Kingdom perished.
Liu Heimin and Dou Jiande are fellow villagers and friends, and they are brave and resourceful.
But he did not follow Dou Jian at first, but joined the Wagang army, and after the defeat of Li Mi's Wagang army, Liu Heimin became a prisoner of Wang Shichong.
Liu Heimin took the opportunity to flee back to Hebei, and finally took refuge in his fellow villager friend Dou Jiande, and soon became Dou Jiande's confidant and was named the Duke of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
After Dou Jiande's defeat, Liu Heimin returned to his hometown to work as a farmer and lived a secluded and low-key life.
In July 621, Dou Jiande was executed by the Tang Dynasty, and Dou Jiande's old troops were worried about being persecuted by the Tang Dynasty, so they elected Liu Heimin as the leader and raised an army against the Tang Dynasty!
Due to the suddenness of the incident, the Tang Dynasty's rule in Hebei was not stable, and for a time, all parts of Hebei killed Tang Dynasty officials in response to Liu Heimin.
In just half a year, Liu Heimin seized many prefectures and counties in Hebei, and almost restored all the territory of the original Xia Kingdom!
In the first month of 622 AD, Liu Heimin was called the king of Handong in Xiangzhou and set up the era name.
Of course, the Tang Dynasty could not tolerate the existence of Liu Heimin, and Li Shimin went out again to crusade against Liu Heimin.
Although Liu Heimin is very powerful, but compared with Li Shimin, it is still far behind, in March, Li Shimin defeated Liu Heimin, Liu Heimin fled to the Turks.
In June, Liu Heimin borrowed troops from the Turks and went south again to attack Zhuzhou County in Hebei!
Since Li Shimin had already left Hebei, Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, led his troops to fight, but was repeatedly defeated by Liu Heimin.
The Tang Dynasty changed commanders three times, and ordered the crown prince Li Jiancheng to replace Li Yuanji, and after many battles, he finally defeated Liu Heimin.
In the first month of 923 AD, Liu Heimin led the remnants to flee to Raoyang, where he was captured by the general Zhuge Dewei and sent to the Tang army, where he was executed!
3. Wang Bo's Changbai Mountain Uprising (not the Changbai Mountain in Jilin)
Among the heroes at the end of the Sui Dynasty, Wang Bo's reputation was completely inferior to Li Mi, Wang Shichong, Dou Jiande and others, but he occupied the first place, the first rebel of the late Sui Dynasty.
In 611 AD, Wang Bo, who was born as a blacksmith, rose up in Changbai Mountain in the area of Zouping, Shandong (now the junction of Zouping and Zhangqiu, Shandong) to rebel against the Sui Dynasty and gather tens of thousands of people!
Generally speaking, the first bird to emerge will die quickly, but Wang Bo's luck was good, although he was quickly defeated by Zhang Xutuo of the Sui Dynasty, and the rebel army suffered heavy losses, Wang Bo adopted the method of hibernation and hiding, which once made the Sui Dynasty forget about him as a person.
In 619 AD, after Emperor Yang of Sui was killed, Wang Bo appeared again, but he took refuge in Yu Wenhua.
When Dou Jiande led his troops to attack Yu Wenhua in time, Wang Bo opened the ice gate of the city in time and handed over Yu Wenhua to Dou Jiande.
But the strange thing is that a few days after taking refuge in Dou Jiande, Wang Bo suddenly chose to surrender to the Tang Dynasty!
Later, Wang Bo made great contributions to the Tang Dynasty's pacification of Shandong.
In 622 AD, Wang Bo was ordered to go to Tanzhou to transfer grain, but he was killed by the enemy, and he also died in a mess!
4. Hebei Gaokaidao uprising
Gao Kaidao, a native of Cangzhou, was born in Yanmin, famous for his bravery, and in 613 AD, Gao Kaidao joined Geqian's peasant rebel army.
After Ge Qian's death, Gao Kaidao became the leader of this team.
In 617 AD, Gao Kaidao captured Beiping and Yuyang, and ascended the throne as the emperor and the king of Yan!
In September 620, Dou Jiande besieged Youzhou, where Luo Yi was stationed, Gao Kaidao led his troops to rescue Luo Yi and repelled Dou Jiande, and then Gao Kaidao surrendered to the Tang Dynasty through Luo Yi, and was named the governor of Ulzhou, Shangzhu State, and the king of Beiping County.
But Gao Kaidao did not sincerely submit to the Tang Dynasty, and was always looking for an opportunity to break away from the Tang Dynasty and raise troops again!
In 622 AD, Liu Heimin raised an army against the Tang Dynasty, Gao Kaidao cut off contact with Luo Yi, and then called the King of Yan, united with the Turks and Liu Heimin, continued to divide the Yuyang area, and continued to attack Youzhou!
After Liu Heimin was killed, Gao Kaidao Group was exhausted, and the generals Zhang Jinshu and Zhang Junli took the opportunity to make trouble, and Gao Kaidao and his family hanged themselves!
5. The Jianghuai Uprising of Du Fuwei and Fu Gongyou
Du Fuwei, a native of Zhangqiu, Shandong, was born as a commoner, and was a thief in the mountains and forests with his fellow townsman and friend Fu Gongqi when he was a teenager.
In 613 AD, Du Fuwei and Fu Gongqi gathered a crowd to raise troops, and then moved to Huainan and occupied the Yangzhou area.
In 617 AD, Du Fuwei defeated the Sui general Chen Ling in the Gaoyou area, and the Sui army in Yangzhou was no longer the opponent of Du Fuwei's army.
Du Fuwei occupied Hexian County, claimed to be the governor, recruited talents, expanded his strength, and his strength increased rapidly in the south of the Yangtze River.
However, although Du Fuwei was the leader of the peasant rebel army, he still wanted to be recruited by the imperial court in his bones, make a wife and a son, and glorify his ancestors, and did not really overthrow the Sui Dynasty and claim the political ambition of being the emperor himself.
In 618 AD, Du Fuwei also took the initiative to submit to Yang Tong, the king of Yue in Luoyang, and was named the governor of Southeast Province and the king of Chu by Yang Tong.
In 619 A.D., Du Fuwei announced his submission to the Tang Dynasty, and was appointed by the Tang Dynasty as the governor of the military south of Jianghuai, the history of Yangzhou Thorn, the southeast road Xingtai Shangshuling, and the king of Wu.
In 621 AD, Du Fuwei eliminated another separatist force, Li Zitong, for the Tang Dynasty, and his territory rapidly expanded to Jiangdong and the whole of Huainan.
Although Du Fuwei had ostensibly submitted to the Tang Dynasty, he still had a lot of autonomy in Jiangnan and always had a strong army, Li Yuan was also very worried about this, so he proposed to let Du Fuwei serve in Chang'an, wanting to completely control Du Fuwei's army.
Du Fuwei really has no political ambitions, and honestly went to Chang'an to become an official!
However, Fu Gong Yi did not plan to surrender to the Tang Dynasty, and after Du Fuwei left Jiangnan, he handed over the military power to his adopted son Wang Xiongdan, but Fu Gong Yi only stayed in Danyang.
In August 622 AD, Fu Gongqi killed Wang Xiongdan, ascended the throne as emperor, and officially raised troops against the Tang Dynasty, controlling a large area of Jiangnan and Huainan!
When Li Yuan learned of this, he was furious and immediately sent Li Xiaogong and Li Jing to lead troops to attack Fugong Yi.
In 624 AD, Li Xiaogong defeated Fu Gong Qi and beheaded Fu Gong Qi in Danyang.
Although Du Fuwei did not participate in the rebellion, he was also implicated in Chang'an and died of fear and depression!
6. Jiangxi Lin Shihong uprising
Lin Shihong, a native of Raozhou, Jiangxi, is heroic and righteous, has martial arts, and is strategic.
In 616 A.D., Lin Shihong and fellow townsman Cao Shi begging led the people to revolt, captured Yuzhang County, after the death of Cao Shi begging, Lin Shihong ruled the team, continued to fight with the Sui Dynasty army, and repeatedly defeated the Sui army, the team expanded to more than 100,000 people, occupying most of Jiangxi and part of Guangdong!
But Lin Jiaohong's strength is not as good as Xiao Miao, and he is often attacked by Xiao Miao!
In 621 AD, after Xiao Mo was eliminated by the Tang Dynasty, many of Xiao Mill's men and horses defected to Lin Shihong, and Lin Shihong's power began to increase, but Xunzhou and Chaozhou surrendered to the Tang Dynasty.
In November 622, Lin Shihong sent his younger brother Lin Yaoshi to lead an army to attack Xunzhou, but he was defeated and Lin Yaoshi was also killed.
Soon after, Lin Shihong died of illness!
7. Li Zitong uprising
Li Zitong, a native of Yixian County, Shandong, is kind and charitable, quite brave, participated in the construction of Wang Bo's Changbai Mountain Rebel Army in the early years, and was later suspected internally, led his troops to flee to Huainan, and Du Fuwei united!
In 615 AD, Li Zitong was known as the king of Chu.
In 618 AD, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was killed, and Li Zitong occupied Hailing and began to attack Jiangdu, which was occupied by Chen Ling, an old general of the Sui Dynasty.
In 619 AD, Li Zitong conquered Jiangdu and ascended the throne as emperor, with the country name Wu, and later moved the capital to Yuhang.
The territory of Li Zitong in its heyday included Hangzhou, Shaoxing, southern Jiangsu, and southern Anhui.
In 621 AD, Du Fuwei, who had already belonged to the Tang Dynasty, led his troops to attack Li Zitong, and fought in Suzhou, where Li Zitong was defeated and captured. Escort to Chang'an.
But Li Yuan did not embarrass Li Zitong and let Li Zitong work in Chang'an, but Li Zitong still wanted to escape from Chang'an and make a comeback, but he was executed!
8. Shandong Xu Yuanlang uprising
Xu Yuanlang, a native of Yanzhou, Shandong, gathered troops at the end of the Sui Dynasty, occupied Dongping and Langya, and had more than 20,000 soldiers.
With the development of the situation, Xu Yuanlang, who had weak troops, successively attached himself to Li Mi's Wagang Army, Wang Shichong of Luoyang and the Tang Dynasty, and was named the governor of Yanzhou and the Duke of Lu County by the Tang Dynasty.
In July 621 AD, Dou Jiande's old department Liu Heimin raised troops in Hebei against the Tang Dynasty, Xu Yuanlang was unwilling to be lonely, detained the Tang general Sheng Yanshi, seized Yanzhou, raised troops to respond to Liu Heimin, called the king of Lu, and attacked Yucheng, in response to Liu Heimin.
In February 623, Liu Heimin was killed by the Tang army, and Xu Yuanlang abandoned the city and fled, being killed by the villagers on the way!