This is an essay by Gu Yanwu, a writer in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
<原文>
In the old middle of the Juan Fan Jun raised the people, in the summer of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, he hiked into Mount Hua from Beijing as the yellow crown. For a few years, the first Ke settled on the left of the west peak, and the name was Fuan. The wise men and doctors of Huaxia often traveled with him, and the people around the mountains believed in it and saluted it. And Fan Jungu is not a scholar. Reading at a young age, good "Chu Ci", Zhuzi and Jing Shi are involved. Read for the East Palace. Fang Li Zicheng coerced the two kings of the East Palace to come out, and Fan Jun knew that he would go west, so he abandoned his home and walked to the pass, and he would do his duty. Naidong Palace doesn't know what to do, and Fan Jun is Huang Guan.
The mountain of Taihua, the top of the cliff, there are pines to shade, there are land and vegetables, there are springs to draw, not taxed by officials, not subordinate to the palace view. The people of Huaxia or the materials to help them, to create is the nunnery and live in it. There are three houses with three wings, facing east to welcome the sunrise.
Taste the rest of the night. Open an account and look at it, the east of the big river, the mountain of the thunder head is abrupt, and the people who are hungry and the roses picked by Boyi and Shuqi, if they let it go, those who are admired by the solid Fan Jun are also. Since it is and the east, then Fen is a song, the mountain on the mountain haunts the surface of the clouds and smoke, such as the will to see, Jie Zi pushes it from the Jin Gongzi, both anti-national and hidden, and all the ambitions of Fan Jun are also unsuccessful. It is also from the east, between Taihang and Jieshi, where the palace and the mountain mausoleum are, go to the vast, and the extreme hope is not visible, and the phase is with the wilderness! The gentleman of the future climbs the mountain, and he has not forgotten the ambition of Fan Jun.
<翻译>
Fan Yangmin, a eunuch of the former dynasty, migrated from Kyoto to Huashan to become a Taoist priest in the summer of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen. A few years later, a house was built on the left side of the west peak and named it "Fuan". Most of the wise men and doctors in the society below Huashan had dealings with him, and the people around Huashan trusted and respected him. However, Mr. Fan was not originally a Taoist priest. (He) has been reading since he was a child, and he loves "Chu Ci", and he has also dabbled in many theories of the hundred schools of thought, scriptures and historical books. Served as the prince's companion in the palace. When Li Zicheng supported the crown prince and the other two princes to leave Beijing, Mr. Fan, expecting that he would have to flee west, abandoned his home and ran to Guanzhong, intending to do his duty. But the whereabouts of the prince are unknown, and Mr. Fan became a Taoist priest.
On the top of the cliff of Huashan, there are pine trees to shade, land to grow vegetables, and mountain springs to draw water, and they do not pay taxes to the government and are not included in the property register of the temple. The inhabitants of Huashan were financed by his materials, so this dwelling was built to live in. There are three rooms, facing east, and you can see the sun rise.
I once stayed overnight at Fu'an. Open the door and look into the distance, (I saw) to the east of the Yellow River, the green Leishou Mountain rises from the ground, (that is) the place where Boyi and Shuqi Caiwei were hungry and starved to death, (those mountains) seemed to stand there, (the matter of Boyi and Shuqi) was originally the behavior that Mr. Fan admired and imitated the suburbs. From here to the east, is a twist and turn of the Fen River, Mianshan looms in the clouds and smoke, as if to see Jie Zitui following Jin Gongzi to escape, after the son returned to China, Jie Zitui lived in seclusion here. This is something that Mr. Fan has this intention but cannot achieve. From here to the east, between the Taihang Mountain and the Jieshi Mountain, is the place where the Ming Dynasty's former capital Beijing and the Ming Emperor's Mausoleum are located, and it is very far away from there, and I can't see it as far as I can't see, (only) weeping for each other! I wrote this note and stayed in the mountain. Gentlemen who climb this mountain in the future, don't forget Mr. Fan's ambition!
<简析>
Gu Yanwu did not forget his mother's legacy of "you are a foreign courtier, and you are not responsible for the grace of the world", and always maintained a strong and unyielding national integrity, and wrote poems and essays about the rise and fall of the nation. "The Story of Fu'an" was written by the author when he lived in seclusion in Huayin. This article expresses the thoughts and feelings of Gu Yanwu and Fan Yangmin, the remnants of the Ming Dynasty, who never forget the Ming Dynasty and want to restore their homeland.
The text is divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph introduces Fan Yangmin's personality and the creation of Fu'an. First explain Fan Yangmin's life experience before and after the death of the Ming Dynasty: Before the death of the Ming Dynasty, Fan Yangmin was the eunuch of the Ming court, and after the death of the Ming Dynasty, he became a Taoist priest. Why do you want to be a Taoist priest? This suspense leads to the following. After explaining the construction of the nunnery, he was not a Taoist priest and wrote about his person. He was trusted and respected by the "people around the mountain", and he read a lot, especially Qu Yuan's patriotic words - "Chu Ci". He breathes the same breath as those people who are in the midst of the deep disasters of the country and the nation, but when Li Zicheng took the prince and others to run, he abandoned his family and rushed to Guanzhong to do his duty, because he did not see the whereabouts of the prince, so he temporarily lived in seclusion in Huashan, in fact, he was waiting for an opportunity to restore the country.
In the second paragraph, the natural environment of Fuan is suitable for seclusion. This paragraph uses a set of neat sentences to write about the environment of Fu'an, which seems to be a transcendent pen, but in fact, it is because it is not under the jurisdiction of the Qing court, it is a "paradise", so he exudes a sense of leisure and comfort, and comfortable feelings. The two sentences of "there are three houses and three wings" pave the way for the following and make a natural transition.
The third paragraph of the writer's emotion in Fu'an account and looking eastward. The sentence "Yu tastes a stay in the hermitage" leads to four meanings: first, looking at Shouyang Mountain from afar, and using the mountain peak to "let it go", expressing Fan Jun and the author's admiration for the ancient scholars who did not eat Zhou Su, Boyi and Qi; second, looking at Jieshan from afar, with the phrase "as you will see", expressing the longing and longing for Jie Zitui, who died and returned with the Lord; third, he wrote about the "Gongque Mountain Mausoleum" of the Ming Dynasty from afar, and felt hopeless to restore his sight, which made the two people feel indignant, relatively weeping, and resentful; and fourth, he explained the purpose of writing this inscription.
This article was written in the early Qing Dynasty, so the expression of the idea of restoring vision is generally implicit, but the stitches and feet are very clear. The article is lyrical through the writing of scenes, through the review of history to express the true feelings, through what you see and feel euphemistically conveys the hearts of the bereaved people, and expresses subtle and deep national feelings and patriotic thoughts. Borrowing topics constitutes a major feature of the writing of this article. The article borrowed the title of "Fu'an" to express the idea of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty.
The ideological connotation of this article is gradually and deeply revealed. In the first paragraph, it is written that Fan Yangmin lived in seclusion in Huashan to create a refuan, and wrote Fan Yangmin's dedication and conscientious conduct, but the theme of "restoring sight" has not yet appeared. In the second paragraph, the natural environment of Huashan Fu'an is written, and through a harmonious and charming description, the feeling of being proud of getting rid of the rule of the Qing court is certainly on the paper, but the idea of restoring the Ming still needs to be deeply revealed. The expression of the last paragraph is becoming clearer. The feature of layered writing is more prominent in the last paragraph: first borrow the phrase "Yu taste a night in the hermitage", which truly and naturally puts the author in, and then shows the mind of the two people step by step according to the line of sight from near to far. Looking east at the "Mountain of Thunder's Head", the author reminds him of the discipline of Boyi and Shuqi who were loyal to the Shang Dynasty, clearly points out Fan Yangmin's admiration and emulation, and shows the kind of thoughts and feelings of being attached to the homeland and not doing anything about the new dynasty; Then it also pointed out the embrace of Fan Yangmin. Because "the East Palace didn't know what to do", he had to enter Huashan to become a Taoist priest, "but not successful". At this point, the article goes deeper, and the theme of regaining vision has been revealed. Looking east at the Ming Dynasty's former capital "Guanque Mountain Mausoleum", it is invisible, hopeless, and the two are "in harmony". clearly expressed the thoughts and emotions of the two of them when they could not expect to regain their sight. On the basis of the above-mentioned layers of expression, at the end of the article, the strong will to "never forget Fan Jun's ambition" is put forward in a clear and clear sentence, praising Fan Jun's ambition and deeds, and clearly showing the theme of opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty. In this way, with the distant shift of sight, the feelings gradually become stronger, written layer by layer, the structure is rigorous, and the expressiveness is strong, which makes the ideological content of the article appear extraordinarily deep. Nature produces a compelling artistic effect.
Another characteristic of the writing of this article is that the material is selected around the content of the ideas to be expressed, and the tailoring is very appropriate. The author looked east in Fu'an, and his field of vision was originally extremely broad, but the concentration of ink was only in the northeast. From this side alone, from Huashan in Shaanxi Province to Beijing, thousands of miles away, there are naturally many mountains that can be written in the middle, but the author only chooses "Thunder Head Mountain", "Mianshang Mountain" and "Taihang, Jieshi Tree" to write, and wantonly sway, fully express thoughts and feelings, and do his best to stop. The two remnants of the Ming Dynasty who lived in seclusion in Huashan were connected to their emotions day and night, and they didn't need to ask. As for those that have nothing to do with the theme, even if it is a famous peak and immortal mountain, it will never be involved in writing. The theme is clear and prominent, and the expression is appropriate and appropriate.
It should be mentioned in passing that the "Fu'an Ji" is written towards the rulers, not the peasants who revolted. Although the attitude towards Li Zicheng in the article shows the limitations of the author's thinking, it absolutely cannot hide the dazzling brilliance of this article, and people will not weaken their love for it.
<注释>
[1] "The Story of Fu'an": Selected from "Tinglin Poetry Anthology". "Fu" means determined to regain sight; "Nunnery" mostly refers to small thatched huts or temples, and in this article, it refers to the three huts where Fan Yangmin lived in seclusion as a Taoist hermitage.
[2] Gu Yanwu (1613-1682): A famous thinker and patriotic scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. At first, he was called Gu Jiang, but after the death of the Ming Dynasty, he changed his name to Yanwu, the word Ningren, alias Tinglin, and sometimes called himself Jiang Shan. Jiang Shan refers to the Purple Mountain in Nanjing, and there is the filial piety tomb of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, under the mountain, and the Jiang Shan maid means the servant of the Ming Filial Piety Tomb. A native of Kunshan, Jiangsu. Tinglin is very knowledgeable, and is the author of "Rizhilu", "Five Books of Music" and "Tinglin Poetry Anthology".
(3) Old Zhongjuan: The eunuch of the Ming Dynasty. Old: refers to the Ming Dynasty, when the author writes this article, the Ming Dynasty has died, and Fan Yangmin has become a Taoist priest, so Fan Yangmin is called "old" Zhongjuan here. Zhong Juan: The eunuch who presides over the cleaning and cleaning of the palace. Juan: Clean.
[4] In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen: to: in. Seventeenth year of Chongzhen: 1644 AD. Chongzhen: The era name of Ming Sizong. In March of this year, Li Zicheng entered Beijing, and Ming Sizong hanged himself. In April, Wu Sangui led Qing troops into Shanhaiguan. In May, Li Zicheng evacuated Beijing and moved to Shanxi.
(5) Jingshi: Refers to Beijing, the capital of the dynasty.
(6) Hua Mountain: In present-day Huayin County, Shaanxi Province, the west of the five mountains.
(7) Huang Guan: This refers to the costume of a Taoist priest, and here it is borrowed to refer to a Taoist priest.
[8] Shi Ke settled on the left side of the west peak: in order to build a simple house on the left side of the west peak of Huashan Mountain. K: Yes. Knot: Here's what it means to tie a lid. Lu: Houses, mostly referring to simple houses.
(9) Huaxia: refers to the foot of Huashan Mountain. Hua: The provincial name of Huashan.
〔10〕礼之：指尊敬范养民。 礼：作动词，尊敬。
[11] Fangshi: A person who has a magic technique. In the old days, these people often deceived people by pretending to be alchemy and seeking immortals. In the Western Han Dynasty, there were many monks, and later Taoism was born, and Taoist priests inherited the mantle of monks.
[12] Dabbling: Reading extensively without specialization. [13] Reading for the East Palace: It refers to accompanying the prince to study. East Palace: The prince lives in the East Palace, which refers to the prince. Companion reading: official name.
[14] Li Zicheng's coercion of the two kings of the East Palace: It refers to the fact that when Li Zicheng evacuated Beijing, he took away the crown prince of Ming Sizong (Zhu Cijiong) and the other two sons Dingwang (Zhu Cijiong) and Yongwang (Zhu Ciyizhao).
(15) Walk to the pass: run to the pass. Walk: Walk, run. Zhi: To. Guanzhong: refers to present-day Shaanxi Province. In the Qin period, there were four passes here: Hangu Pass in the east, Sanguan Pass in the west, Xiao Pass in the north, and Wuguan Pass in the south.
[16] Will do his duty: will do his duty. Who: It's, his.
[17] Yes: Actually, unexpectedly.
[18] Taihua Mountain: that is, Huashan. There is Shaohua Mountain in the southwest of Huashan, also known as Xiaohua Mountain.
(19) No tax on officials: No taxes on the government. Tax: verb, to pay taxes.
[20] Not affiliated with the palace view: not included in the register of temple property. Gongguan: A Taoist temple. Registration: Register.
(21) Ying (ying): This refers to the bright pillar in front of the hall house, and here it is used to refer to a room.
[22] Leishou Mountain: It is Shouyang Mountain, in the south of Yongji County, Shanxi Province, at the southern end of Zhongtiao Mountain, and there is a tomb of Yiqi. According to legend, the remnants of the Shang Dynasty, Boyi and Shuqi, did not eat Zhou Su, picked roses in Shouyang Mountain, and finally starved to death.
[23] Abrupt: The green hills are towering. Cangran: Describes the deep blue of the mountains. Abrupt: Described as high.
[24] If you give way to it: [The peaks] are as if they were there to be bowed. Concession: the etiquette of the host and the guest meeting each other. Hu: Yu, in.
[25] Those who do what Fan Jun admires: (Bo Yi Shuqi's actions) were originally admired by Fan Yangmin and (imitated) to do so. It means that Fan Yangmin lived in seclusion in Huashan, cultivated and ate by himself, and did not eat the officials of the Qing Dynasty, which was exactly what Boyi Shuqi did not eat Zhou Su.
[26] Fen Yiqu: A twist and turn of the Fen River. "The Book of Poetry, Wei Feng, Fen Frustration (ju) 洳 (ru)" has "Bi Fen a song". Fen: The Fen River, the largest river in Shanxi Province.
[27] The Mountain of Mianshang: The Mountain of Introduction. Mianshang: The ancient place name, in the Spring and Autumn Period, belonged to the Jin Kingdom, under the Nanjie Mountain in Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province. "Zuo Chuan" in the twenty-fourth year of the Duke of Jin: "The Marquis of Jin (the prince of Jin Chong'er once went into exile in various countries, and finally borrowed the power of the Qin State to return to China, for the Marquis of Jin, died in Wen, so he was called the Duke of Jin Wen) rewarded the deceased, and Jie Zitui did not say Lu (refused to say his own merits in order to seek the throne)...... Then he died in hiding. The Marquis of Jin did not get it, and took Mianshang as the field (the sacrificial field of Jie Zitui).
[28] Jie Zi Tui: also known as the introduction of the push, the nobles of the Jin Kingdom in the Spring and Autumn Period.
[29] And all those who fail to succeed in Fan Jun's will are also: it means that like Jie Zitui, he will go out and return with the Lord, which is also Fan Yangmin's ambition, but he has not achieved this goal. Unsuccessful: Unsuccessful.
(30) Between Taihang and Jie: refers to Beijing. Taihang Mountain is between the Shanxi Plateau and the Hebei Plain. Jieshi Mountain is in Changli County, Hebei Province.
(31) Gongque Mountain Mausoleum: Indicates the imperial palace and imperial mausoleum. 阙 (que): tall buildings on both sides in front of the main entrance of the palace. Mountain Mausoleum: The Emperor's Mausoleum. This refers to the Ming Tombs in Changping.
[32] The vastness of going: too far away from there (palaces, mountains). Go: Leave.
[33] Hope: Look as far as you can.
[34] Xiang and Xunran: relative tears. Xuan Ran: The appearance of tears. Hyun: Water droplets drip down.