500 Yakovlev Alexander Nikolaevich ( 1923-2005) 82岁。
Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev: political activist, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (РАН) (1990). 1965-1973 First Deputy Head of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Ambassador to Canada from 1973 to 1983. Since 1983 he has been the Dean of the School of World Economy and International Relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1985 to 1986 he was head of the Propaganda Department, from 1986 to 1990 he was Secretary General of the Central Committee, and from 1987 to 1990 he was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. During the "reconstruction" entered the most recent political circles of Gorbachev. In 1991 he was expelled from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The President of the Russian Federation was appointed Chairman of the Commission for the Restoration of Honour to the Victims of Political Cleansing (since 1993). Head of the Federal Television and Radio Service of Russia (1993-1995). He is the author of Foreword, Collapse, Afterword (1992) and Suffering, Bolshevism and Russian Reformation (1994).
Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev – Soviet political activist, historian, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (РАН) (1990).
Yakovlev with parents
Childhood and youth
Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev was born on December 2, 1923 in the interior of Russia - in the village of Korolevo in the Yaroslavl region. His parents were farmers. Alexander is the eldest of five children. He had four sisters, but two of them died in infancy.
For the first seven years of school, Alexander studied in his hometown. After his house burned down, the family moved to the Red Weavers' Village, where he continued his education at the school.
After graduating from the school in 1941, A. Yakovlev enrolled in a short-term training course at the Leningrad Military Academy, which by that time had been evacuated to Udmurtia. Having received the rank of lieutenant at the end of the course, Yakovlev ended up on the Volkhov front, where he commanded a platoon. He fought until 1943, when he was seriously wounded and he ended up in hospital. After a long period of treatment, he was demobilized.
Returning from the front on crutches, Yakovlev joined the party and entered the history department of the Yaroslavl Pedagogical Institute. At the first meeting of the Komsomol, he was elected a member of the Komsomol Presidium of the Institute. Later, he received the post of head of the department while studying at the Moscow Higher Party School.
Stages of political career
In 1950 A. Yakovlev was appointed Deputy Head of the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee of the Communist Party. A year later, he became the head of the school and university department of the regional committee of the Communist Party of Yaroslavl.
In 1953 Yakovlev was appointed as an instructor in the organs of the CPSU.
1958 - 1960 He studied at the Graduate School of the Russian Academy of Sciences and completed a one-year graduate internship at Columbia University in New York.
1960 - 1967 He defended his Ph.D. (1960) and Ph.D. dissertation in American History and Literature (1967).
1972 - An article by A. N. Yakovlev "Against anti-historicism" was published in the November issue of the Literary Newspaper. The publication of the article caused a negative reaction from Soviet writers, but especially from Sholokhov.
1973 _ Yakovlev as the Soviet ambassador to Canada, where he lived for almost 10 years. This long expatriate was later considered to be "exiled" for this anti-Soviet article.
In 1983 _ at the insistence of M. S. Gorbachev, he returned to Moscow. Upon his return, he was appointed director of the Institute of World Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
In 1984 Yakovlev was elected deputy of the Supreme Soviet.
Gorbachev was Yakovlev's "Bole". In 1985, Yakovlev, then Minister of Propaganda, wrote to Gorbachev, proposing "a series of comprehensive political reforms such as democracy, openness, multi-party system, and presidential system." These recommendations established him as prime in Gorbachev's think tank.
In 1985, Yakovlev was appointed head of the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China, responsible for the country's ideological, cultural, and information work.
In 1989 Yakovlev was elected People's Deputy of the USSR.
On 2 July 1991, A. Yakovlev signed an appeal on the need to form a democratic reform movement with like-minded people, including A. Sobchak, N. Petrokov, S. Shatarin, A. Rudskoy, E. Shevardnadze.
On August 16, 1991, the Central Supervisory Committee of the CPSU recommended that he be expelled from the party on the grounds of splitting the CPSU. The next day, Yakovlev announced his withdrawal from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
In 1991 Yakovlev was appointed adviser to special assignments, a member of the Political Council of the President of the USSR. In December of the same year, he attended the formal transfer of power from Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev to Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
In 1993, former KGB Chairman Kryuchkov and State Security Officer Pytovlanov, V. Chebrikov, said that Yakovlev was recruited by the United States during his internship. After several investigations, this information was officially denied.
Yakovlev talks with Putin, who was not yet president at that time
From 1993 to 1995 he headed the federal television and radio service of Ostankino. At this time, the politician was also the chairman of the board of directors of ORT, the head of the International Endowment for Democracy.
In 1995, under Yakovlev's leadership, the Russian Social Democratic Party (RPSD) was formed.
In addition to political activities, Yakovlev was engaged in scientific and creative activities. For many years he has been a member of the Moscow Union of Writers. He has published 25 of his own books, which have been translated into English, German, French, Spanish and other world languages: "Realism is the Land of Reform", "Comprehension", "Introduction, Collapse, Postscript", memoir "The Pool of Memory", etc. He was also the editor of the book "Russia: Documents of the Twentieth Century", which published for the first time previously inaccessible sources of documents.
For scientific achievements, the University of Prague awarded A. Yakovlev the Silver Medal. Other medals of honor and medals were awarded in different years of his life: a total of 16 awards.
Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev has been suffering from first-line injuries and diabetes for many years.
He died in Moscow on October 18, 2005. He was buried in the Troekurovsky cemetery.
A.N. Yakovlev also did a lot of things that other politicians did not dare to do. He contributed to the publication of works by V. Nabokov, A. Rybakov, A. Solzhenitsyn, A. Prystavzin, which were inaccessible to Soviet readers.
In addition, thanks to Yakovlev, about thirty previously banned films were released. He contributed to the restoration of relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the state. Until his later years, he was in the commission under the President of the Russian Federation, which dealt with cases of victims of political repression.
After the collapse of the USSR, Yakovlev did not find his place in the new Russian system of power. Still, he's still active. At first, he served as deputy chairman of the Gorbachev Foundation.
At the end of 1992, he was appointed Chairman of the Commission for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Persecution. In addition, he was Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Russian Public Television (State Television One).
Regarding Yakovlev, all circles in Russia have mixed evaluations. Opponents denounced him as a "Soviet gravedigger", "an anti-communist in the Politburo of the CPSU".
Liberals, on the other hand, praised him and dedicated him on his 80th birthday with the book "Yakovlev: Freedom – My Religion". After his death, Gorbachev called it a loss for all those who fought for freedom and democracy.
Yakovlev picking mushrooms in the woods
True, an ordinary Soviet man from the hinterland, Yakovlev was able to build a career at home and abroad in politics, science, literature, mastery of foreign languages - all this shows that A. Yakovlev was a gifted and purposeful person who left an important mark on the history of the USSR and Russia.
Personal life:
Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev married Nina Ivanovna, whom he met in Yaroslavl).
Yakovlev skied with his wife
Both are students in the Faculty of Education. They married almost immediately after meeting and lived together for 60 years and managed to celebrate a diamond wedding. It was a friendly and strong family that did not cause public discussion.
Yakovlev with his children
Yakovlev had two children from his marriage - Natalia and Anatoly. The two sons and daughters have long had their own families.
Yakovlev with his own grandchildren
In total, Yakovlev had six grandchildren and granddaughters: Natalia, Alexandra, Pete, Sergey, Polina, Nikolai. Today he has three great-grandchildren: Anna, Ksenia and Nadezhda.
Yakovlev with his parents
Yakovlev's book "The Pond of Memory"
As a doctor of history and an academician of the Academy of Sciences, Yakovlev devoted more of his time to writing books and sayings. He wrote a total of 25 books, and "anti-Stalinism" has always been the main thread running through his thinking.
Yakovlev's book "The Pain of Reading History"
The order of the characters is in Russian alphabetical order;
The first part of the biography was translated by me;
The resumes of the characters in the article, which are available on the Internet, are used (blue handwriting);
If not, find his CV in Russian, partially translated by himself (in brown letters).
The photographs and images of the people involved in this article are collected online.