#今日立春#
This article is about 12,900 words.
Spring, which begins at the beginning of spring (between February 2 and 5) and ends at the beginning of summer (between May 5 and 7).
The word "spring" in "Shuowen Jie Zi" means to promote, and it is a verb. "Spring, push also. From the grass from the sun, the grass is born in the spring. It means that at this time, the grass feels the sunlight and begins to grow.
"Spring" is recorded in the "Book of Books: The Great Biography": "Spring, out of also, out of all things." It is also a verb, which means that all things break through the ground and grow.
"Historical Records of Heavenly Officials" records: "The first day of the first month, the first year of the king, the beginning of spring, the beginning of the four hours." Spring is the first of the four seasons, and the beginning of spring is the beginning of spring, and the beginning of spring is both the "beginning of the four seasons" and the first of one year.
At this important moment when all things are germinating and vibrant, the poems of Wing Chun and Feeling Chun naturally emerge in endlessly.
In the poems of the ancients, "moon" was described the most, followed by "spring" and "autumn". The so-called "sad spring and sad autumn" has been due to it since ancient times.
In the many poems about spring:
There is spring, spring is bright, there are things and people, things are not people, there are mountains and rivers are broken, full of sadness......
Note: "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" is not included in this article, if you want to discuss "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" in depth, you can refer to the humble work "One Man's Universe - <春江花月夜>Appreciation" One Man's Universe - "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" Appreciation.
1. "The flowers are gradually charming to the eye, and the shallow grass can have no horseshoe" The spring is leisurely
In 822 A.D. (the second year of Changqing), Bai Juyi was not adopted because of his book on the military affairs of Hebei at that time, so he was invited to serve in other places, and was appointed as the assassin of Hangzhou in July and arrived in October.
In the spring of 823 A.D. (the third year of Changqing), Bai Juyi visited the Baisha Embankment of West Lake in the spring and wrote the famous article "Spring Trip to Qiantang Lake".
Spring trip to Qiantang Lake
Gushan Temple is in the west of Jia Ting, and the water surface is low at the beginning of the clouds. Several early warblers compete for warm trees, and whose new swallows peck the spring mud.
The flowers are gradually charming to the eye, and the asakusa can have no horseshoe. The favorite lake is not enough to go east, and the white sand embankment in the green poplar shade.
The first and second sentences are "Gushan Temple North Jia Ting West, the water surface is flat at the beginning of the cloud feet low", the first sentence of the opening first points out the location, the poet is looking at the West Lake in the Gushan Jia Pavilion, and the second sentence is the overall feeling of looking at the West Lake from afar.
"The surface of the water is flattened" has two meanings. The first is that the water rises in early spring, and the water surface of the West Lake is almost equal to the embankment; the second is that the poet has always been very concerned about the West Lake, and only by continuing to love the West Lake and paying attention to it for a long time will he notice the changes in the water surface instantly.
The water surface of the "low foot of the clouds" embankment and the clouds hanging low in the sky meet in the distance, and the water and sky are the same color, constituting an ink painting of West Lake that is difficult to describe. You can imagine the cascading distant mountains and ever-changing white clouds, and the picture of water and sky meeting each other.
The third and fourth sentences are close-ups. The poet had come down from the lonely mountain and walked to the shore of the West Lake. The call of the morning warbler in his ears pulled him into the vibrant atmosphere of early spring. Looking up, where the swallows are flying, they are busy making nests in the mud.
The word "fight" points out the busyness and vitality of early spring. "Several places" is a general reference, pointing out the full spring light.
These two sentences suddenly have a voice, and there is also a hint of warmth.
The fifth and sixth sentences are famous sentences. "Flowers gradually become charming" writes that spring is everywhere, full of vitality, the poet's eyes do not know where to look, and the dazzling spring colors deeply attract all the poet's energy.
"Asakusa can have no horseshoe", the poet inadvertently pointed out the lakes and mountains and lingered in the scene, and accidentally caught a glimpse of the scene where the horse's hooves rise and fall on the grass, appearing and disappearing, and felt that it was extremely interesting, and wrote it into the poem It seems to be random, but it adds the most elegant stroke to the whole poem.
Five or six sentences, one static and one moving. The fifth sentence is quiet, which is the poet stopping to appreciate, and the sixth sentence is moving, the poet either believes in the horse by the reins, or three or five friends go on a spring tour, and the horses are not in a hurry, and they are leisurely.
These two sentences seem to describe the spring scene, but they are actually writing about the poet's inner feelings. The poet's feeling of being at ease and intoxicated by the spring scenery of West Lake is very vivid.
The last two sentences "the eastward journey of the favorite lake is insufficient, and the white sand embankment in the green poplar shade" directly expresses the poet's feelings of lingering. The poet bypassed the lonely mountain, from Jia Ting down to the West Lake, the lonely mountain, the West Lake, the white clouds, the white sand embankment, the green poplar yin, the early warbler, the new swallow, the wild flowers, the shallow grass, the horseshoe print......
It all makes up an infinite landscape.
The scenery is beautiful, but it is also necessary to have a pair of eyes that can find beauty.
Jin Shengxi commented in "Guanhuatang's Selected Poems of Tang Caizi": "Write on the lake before the explanation. The horizontal opening is the west of the north pavilion of the temple, the vertical exhibition is the low cloud and flat water, the thick point is the early warbler and the new swallow, and the light drying is the warm tree spring mud. Writing on the lake, it is really like a picture of the sky. After the solution, write the spring line. Flower fans, grass no, such as weighing the shallow depth of spring on this day. 'The white sand embankment in the green poplar yin', said that in the shallow and deep spring light, the scarf is a single paragraph of leisure, that is, Hangzhou is too shou Bai Jushi. ”
Fig.1 Spring view of Baisha Causeway in West Lake
2. The life conception of "diving into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently".
At the end of 759 A.D. (the second year of the Qianyuan Dynasty), Du Fu finally arrived in Chengdu, ended his three-year war and exile, and began a stable life in Bashu for ten years.
In the early spring of 761 A.D. (the second year of the last century), Du Fu, who temporarily lived in a thatched hut on the bank of Huanhua Creek in Chengdu, was still under the fence and relied on people to help him make a living, but he could finally cultivate it by himself and did not worry about food and clothing. On this night, Chengdu was happy with spring rain, and Du Fu in the thatched cottage wrote this famous poem "Spring Night Rain".
Spring night rain
Good rain knows the season, when spring happens. Dive into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently.
The wild trails are dark, and the river boats are bright. Xiao looks at the red wet place, and the flowers are heavy in the official city.
The first and second sentences "good rain knows the season, when spring happens", first explain why "good rain" is "good". Only when all things begin to germinate and vitality sprouts, can we hope for a good rain the most.
And on this early spring night, this good rain knows the mind of all things best, and it rains neither early nor late. The word "know" writes about the spring rain.
The third and fourth sentences "sneak into the night with the wind, moisturize things silently", and further elaborate on the "good" of "good rain". The real "good rain" is not only when it is most suitable and most expected, but also very low-key, without affecting everything, quietly and silently.
In fact, this is also a kind of life environment of the poet. We don't need to make a big fanfare, we only need to make the most suitable decision at the most suitable time, and the most simple, effective and low-key action.
The fifth and sixth sentences "the wild trail is dark, and the river boat is bright" is a description of the beautiful rain scene on a spring night.
In the middle of the night, it's not completely dark. The trails in the wilderness are easier to see than the fields and water, and as far as the eye can see, only the boats on the dark river are lit up in the distance. The light rain on a spring night is so wonderful.
The seventh and eighth sentences of "Xiao look at the red wet place, the flowers are heavy in the official city", is the poet's imagination, the light rain fell overnight, to dawn, all things grow, a hundred flowers bloom, look at the rain on the petals is still crystal clear, ten thousand flowers, Chengdu city outside the city of a flower clusters, vibrant.
The words "red wet" and "heavy flowers" point out the vitality of spring and give readers endless imagination.
The first two lines of the poem are anticipation, the third and fourth lines are the voices heard, the fifth and sixth lines are the night scenes seen, and the seventh and eighth lines are imaginary scenes.
can write the spring rain at night so vividly, as well as such a noble character and realm, only Du Fu's "Spring Night Rain". Looking through Tang and Song poems, only Wang Wei's "Winter Evening to the Snow Remembering Hu Jushi's House" is comparable to "Separated by the wind and frightened, and the door is full of snow".
Hu Yinglin commented in "Poems": "Yongwu originated from the Six Dynasties, and the Tang people followed. However, Du Zhu made a self-opening hall and cut the previous rules. For example, the title "Moon": 'Guanshan is wide everywhere, and the river and Han are close to the flow of people. "Rain": "The wild trail is dark, and the river boat is bright." "Snow": "The darkness is in the south of the moon, and the cold is deep in the north." "Night": "Re-revealed into a trickle, rare stars are suddenly gone." 'All are deep and strange, there are no ancients before, there is no one after them, but the grid is too thin, and the meaning is too deep. “
Ji Yun commented in "Yingkui Rhythm Commentary": "This is a famous article, the whole body is exquisite, and the second half is especially spiritual. The two sentences of "with the wind", although they are delicate, deliberately or touched by people in the middle and late periods, the last four sentences are expressive, and they are not available to the rest. “
Fig.2 Du Fu Thatched Cottage on the bank of Huanhua Creek in Chengdu
3. "Artemisia is full of short reed buds, which is when the puffer fish wants to go" has infinite vitality
In 1085 A.D. (the eighth year of Yuanfeng), Song Zhezong ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Gao listened to the government, Sima Guang was appointed as the prime minister, and the new party was suppressed. Su Shi first went to Langzhi Dengzhou (now Yantai City, Shandong Province), and was later recalled to the court by Langzhong. He was soon promoted to a bachelor of Hanlin, a scholar of the system, and a tribute to the Ministry of Rites.
Su Shi, who experienced the "Wutai Poetry Case", finally returned to the central court, when he was in Kaifeng Mansion, he saw the Huichong monk's "Spring River Evening Scene", and wrote this ancient famous article "Hui Chong Spring River Evening Scene", the whole poem is two, and the first one is selected here.
Hui Chong Chunjiang evening scene two songs, one of them
Three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo, the prophet of the plumbing duck in the spring river.
Artemisia is full of short reed buds, which is the time when the puffer fish wants to eat.
This poem can be said to be a representative work of the poet himself that "there are paintings in poems, and there are poems in paintings".
The first sentence "three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo" clearly points out that it is early spring. Outside the sparse bamboo forest, you can vaguely see a few peach blossoms scattered on the side of the mountain stream, the peach blossoms and the green bamboo are printed together, and it is not yet the time when the mountain flowers are blooming and the peach blossoms are in full bloom.
The second sentence "Spring River Plumbing Duck Prophet" is a stroke of genius. Visually, the poet admires the painting from large to small, from far to near. Seeing the Spring River flowing first, and then seeing the ducks playing in the river, it is a vibrant scene.
How can the feeling of "plumbing" be seen in the painting? The poet empathizes with the object and puts himself in the shoes of the ducks playing freely in the river to feel the temperature of the spring water first, and uses the tactile impression of "warmth" to supplement the visual impression of the spring water in the painting.
The so-called "a leaf falls and the world knows the autumn", this poem is the poet's philosophy of seeing the subtleties and drawing inferences from one another.
The third sentence, "Artemisia is full of short reed buds", is a closer view of the poet's appreciation of the painting, which can be said to be a depiction of details. In the painting, the ground is full of artemisia, and the reed buds have just grown out of the ground, and everything is recovering and vibrant.
Immediately the fourth sentence "It is when the puffer fish wants to be on it", this sentence belongs to the poet's imagination.
Su Shi is the best person who combines life and poetry. When I saw the artemisia all over the ground and the reed buds growing in the painting, I immediately thought of the puffer fish in the water and the artemisia and reed sprouts cooked together, which is the best seasonal delicacy. Zhang Lei's "Mingdao Magazine" recorded that the locals eat puffer fish "but use artemisia and bamboo shoots, that is, reed sprouts and woad vegetables". It is justified and natural.
The whole poem and painting contain poetry, poetry and surplus life, still and moving, as if, the poet is facing not a painting, but the spring light, and it is so fresh and natural, the mountains and wilderness are rich.
Ji Yun commented in "Ji Yun's Commentary on Su Wenzhong's Poetry Collection": "This is a famous article, and the image is really wonderful!"
Wang Shizhen commented in "Yuyang Poems": "Po's poem 'Artemisia is full of short reed buds, which is when the puffer fish wants to go up', not only the charm is wonderful, but the puffer fish eats artemisia and reeds are fat, and it is also like Mei Shengyu's 'Spring Continent gives birth to Di buds, and Spring Shore Flying poplar flowers', without a word. ”
Fourth, "the sunrise river flowers are red, and the spring river is as green as blue".
In the early summer of 837 A.D. (the second year of Kaicheng), Bai Juyi has been the prince and young master of the eastern capital, and was named the marquis of Fengyi County, but he still stayed in Luoyang.
Bai Juyi, who is already sixty-six years old, is in Luoyang, but he misses the scenery of Jiangnan all day long, so he wrote three famous poems "Remembering Jiangnan".
Remembering the three songs of Jiangnan, one of them
Jiangnan is good, and the scenery is old:
The sunrise river flowers are red, and the spring river is as green as blue.
Can you not remember Jiangnan?
The first and second sentences "Jiangnan is good, and the scenery is old" goes straight to the topic. It directly expresses the poet's longing for Jiangnan, and shows that the poet is not simply imagining, but has a personal experience.
The poet traveled to Jiangnan when he was young, and in his middle age, he went to Hangzhou and Suzhou as local governors, so he was very familiar with Jiangnan life.
The third and fourth sentences "the sunrise river flowers are red and the spring river is as green as blue" is the finishing touch of this poem. The poet did not describe the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River comprehensively, but used two lenses to render it on a large scale.
The morning sun rises, the river is red like fire, and when spring arrives, the blue sky and white clouds reflect the river water as green as blue. The vividness of the colors is enhanced by the contrast of different colors.
The poet associates "flower" with "sun" for the sake of dyeing in the same color, and "flower" with "river" for the sake of contrasting different colors. The river flowers are red, the river is green, and the two are the background of each other. So the red ones are redder, and the green ones are greener.
These two sentences are intertextual, large-scale rendering, thick and colorful, capturing the two most spectacular and unforgettable scenes in spring, giving people an extremely deep impression.
The last sentence "Can you remember Jiangnan?" contains two meanings.
First, such a beautiful and magnificent spring scene in the south of the Yangtze River, how can it not make people dream?
Second, it also profoundly expresses that the poet is in the north, it is already early summer, and he still can't see the spring scene, so he misses Jiangnan even more.
This ending not only supports the infinite admiration and nostalgia of the author who was born in Luoyang for the spring color of the south of the Yangtze River, but also creates a long and profound charm. Although the words are over, the regret is still rippling, and the aftermath lingers.
Zhuo Renyue commented in "Ancient and Modern Lexicon": "Xu Shijunyun, 'If you don't grow in Jiangnan, this scene is not allowed to be dreamed of. ’”
Fifth, the use of "poetry and wine in the prime of life" is done, and the gift is hidden
In the autumn of 1074 A.D. (the seventh year of Xining), Su Shi moved from Hangzhou to Mizhou (now Zhucheng in Shandong Province) due to the dispute over the change of law. In August of the following year, he ordered someone to repair the old platform in the north of the city, and his brother Su Zhe inscribed it "transcendence".
In the late spring of March 1076 (the ninth year of Xining), Su Shi and other transcendent platforms wrote this famous poem "Wangjiangnan".
Looking at the south of the Yangtze River, transcendent Taiwan
Spring is not old, and the wind is thin and willow is oblique. Try to see it on the transcendent stage, half a trench spring water and a city of flowers. Smoke and rain are dark.
After the cold food, the wine wakes up but sighs. Hugh thinks about the old people and the old country, and will try new tea with new fire. Poetry and wine take advantage of the youth.
The first half of the word is the spring scenery inside and outside the city that the lyricist sees when he ascends the transcendent platform.
"Spring is not old" pointed out, although it is already late spring, but the spring weather is still there.
"Half a moat spring water and a city flower" is a pair of spring water and spring flowers, and the spring scenery inside and outside the city is like a sight.
"A Thousand Homes in the Dark of Smoke and Rain" is that after the lyricist looks far away, the whole city is hidden in the slightest smoke and rain, the light and shade change, and it feels as if you are in it.
The second half of the word is to see things and think about them. "After eating cold, the wine wakes up but sighs" is to point out the specific time. After the cold food festival is the Qingming Festival, the Qingming Festival is the day to return to the hometown to sweep the tomb, but at this time, the poet can not return to the hometown, so he has to "try the new tea with new fire", and also relieve the longing for the country and hometown relatives by cooking tea and drinking tea.
The last sentence of "poetry and wine take advantage of the youth" is to point out the transcendent platform "although there is a view of glory, Yan is transcendent" attitude towards life.
This word vividly writes the rich and complex emotions in the heart of the lyricist, and seamlessly combines the writing of foreign scenery with the expression of homesickness.
Yu Qiyun commented in "Selected Interpretations of the Two Song Songs of the Tang Dynasty": "The two sentences of 'spring water' are like the scene of the transcendent platform. The old people's homeland, touching the sorrow, the new fire and new tea, the timely fun, so as to change the other, and the sincerity of the people. ”
Sixth, "the willows on the branches blow less, and there is no fragrant grass at the end of the world".
In June 1094 (the first year of Shaosheng), Su Shi was demoted to the deputy envoy of the Ningyuan Army and was demoted to Huizhou (now Huizhou City, Guangdong Province).
In the late spring of 1095 A.D. (the second year of Shaosheng), Su Shi felt that spring was fleeting, and wrote this famous poem "Butterfly Love Flower". (1. Xue Ruishengben, Zou Tongqing, and Wang Zongtang all recorded in the "Cold Fasting Night Talk" that Wang Chaoyun sang this word in the Huizhou Depreciation Institute; 2. Su Shi used the word "Tianya" in the poems of the Huizhou period; 3. Chen Yidong's "Selected Words of Su Shi" also suspected that this word was "a work of the Lingnan period"). ）
Butterfly Love Flowers, Spring Scene
The flowers fade and the red green apricots are small. When the swallows fly, the green water surrounds. There are few willows blowing on the branches, where is there no fragrant grass at the end of the world?
Swing inside the wall, outside the wall. Pedestrians outside the wall, beautiful people laugh inside the wall. The laughter gradually faded into silence, but the amorous was ruthlessly annoyed.
Wang Guowei said that the difference between a big poet and a small poet is the realm, and a small poet and a small poet can never become a big poet.
Su Shi's artistic conception is high, and it is rare in ancient times. Therefore, he is not only good at boldness, but also creates first-class boldness. And his grace is no less than Liu Qi, Jiang Kui and others.
"The flowers fade and the red green apricots are small" refers to late spring. At this time, the apricot blossoms have withered and withered, and there are small, green apricots hanging on the branches. The "residual red" faded, and the "green apricot small" was born, and there was a sacrifice, so that there was a new life behind.
"When the swallows fly, the green water surrounds the people" is a twilight spring breeze of mountains and rivers. In the end, it is "around" or "dawn". Later generations have different accounts. The author believes that "winding" and "dawn" are more meaningful, "winding" is more about the natural scenery of mountains and rivers, and "dawn" is more beautiful about time.
"There are few willows blowing on the branches, and there is no grass at the end of the world" is the swan song in the lyrics. The twilight of spring flies by, the willows on the branches have been blown less and less by the spring breeze, the spring is coming to an end, although the spring here is about to pass, but the end of the world is big, there must be more beautiful scenes.
It is said that every time Chaoyun sings and dances, he will be sad when he sings this sentence, and he will be sad about the passage of time.
The second half of the word is about the troubles of pedestrians' feelings.
"Swing in the wall, outside the wall. Pedestrians outside the wall, beautiful people laughing in the wall" is about a road outside the wall, pedestrians passing by the road, only to hear the sound of swinging in the wall, bursts of pleasant laughter from time to time from inside, it turned out that there was a woman swinging.
This scene is suddenly swept up and filled with the cheerful melody of youth, so that passers-by can't help but stop and enjoy and listen to this mesmerizing laughter. The lyricist here pays great attention to the relationship between hiding and revealing in the artistic treatment. He only writes about the swing on the wall and the laughter of the beautiful woman, and hides everything else, allowing the "pedestrian" to imagine it, and produce infinite meaning in the imagination.
The repetition of small words is the most taboo word, but these three sentences have a total of 16 words, and "inside the wall" and "outside the wall" are repeated respectively, accounting for half of them. And the reading is staggered and intriguing. Inside the wall is home, outside the wall is the road, inside the wall there is a cheerful life, young and energetic life, and outside the wall is pedestrians in a hurry. What is the mood and demeanor of the pedestrians, the lyricist left a blank. However, in the midst of this speechlessness, there is a sense of loneliness and loneliness.
"The laughter gradually fades into silence, but the amorous but ruthlessly annoyed" is a stroke of genius.
The pedestrian stood for a long time, and the beautiful woman in the wall had returned to the room. In short, the laughter of the beautiful woman gradually became inaudible, and there was silence all around, while the passers-by outside the wall were uneasy when they heard the laughter. He heard the woman's sweet laughter, but he couldn't see the woman's appearance, and his mood fluctuated, and the woman didn't know that there was a man outside the wall who was distressing her.
Men are amorous, women are ruthless. The "amorous" and "ruthless" here are often explained as love, there is a feeling of nostalgia for the life experience, there is a feeling of homesickness, there is a yearning for a young life, there is a feeling of serving the country, and so on, it can indeed be said that it is a "lovely" person;
The lyricist let out such a deep emotion, what kind of thoughts the "ruthless" person would provoke him, he did not answer. Maybe it is to arouse his yearning for a better life, maybe it is an analogy and association of the relationship between monarchs and ministers, maybe it is to multiply the emotion that the Chinese years are no longer there, or maybe it is a kind of thinking and understanding of the philosophy of life.
The writer describes the care of the beauties outside the wall and the indifference of the beauties inside the wall, which makes the pedestrians even more melancholy. Here, "beauty" represents the "herb" pursued by the author of Shang Run, and "pedestrian" is the embodiment of the lyricist. Through the portrayal of such a set of images, the lyricist expresses his depression that cannot be resolved.
When Su Shi wrote this word, he was already nearly sixty years old, and he was relegated to the wild land of Lingnan, and it was impossible to return to the court and hometown, and the lofty ambitions in his heart back then were no longer possible.
Therefore, the first half of the lyricist is sad that time flies, and his career is far away. The second half is to use the outsiders outside the wall and the beauties in the wall to metaphorize themselves and the court respectively, their own wishful thinking, dedicated to serving the country, but finally difficult to achieve the depression of the wish.
Wei Qingzhi commented in "The Poet's Jade Dust": "Give the true book to your friends, and 'green water people around' as 'green water people know'." 'Amorous but ruthlessly annoyed', cover pedestrians are amorous, and beautiful women are ruthless. These two words are very reasonable, and 'around' and 'xiao' are also from the sky. ”
Huang Su commented in "Selected Words of the Tateyuan Garden": "(1) 'Green Water People Around', not the word 'Around', but 'People Know'. The word 'Xiao' and the word 'around' cover the sky. (2) The sentence 'on the branch' is cut off from Chaoyun. A sound of what a man can actually break the intestines. Li Guinian is just like an ear. (3) 'Beauty' is 'ruthless', and 'pedestrian' is 'amorous'. (4) 'Liu Mian' is a good sentence, and the second rhyme is particularly full of strange feelings. “
7. The hazy artistic conception of "the sound of wind and rain at night, how many flowers fall".
In 711 A.D. (the second year of Jingyuan), twenty-three-year-old Meng Haoran and his friend Zhang Zirong lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain (now Xiangyang City, Hubei Province).
Spring dawn
I don't know when I sleep in spring, and I smell birds everywhere.
The sound of wind and rain comes at night, and the flowers fall to know how much.
The first and second sentences "I don't know when I sleep in spring, and I smell birds everywhere" point out the specific time and the state of the poet.
The poet had just woken up one morning in the spring, and before he could look at the scenery outside the window, he heard the sound of birds chirping everywhere outside the window.
The word "everywhere" fills the reader with infinite reverie, feeling that the sound of birds is everywhere, one after another, overwhelming, and before opening his eyes, he has already felt the ubiquitous spring light.
In the third and fourth sentences, "The sound of wind and rain comes at night, and the flowers fall know less", the poet recalls the wind and rain last night, and the buds that have just grown do not know how many have been knocked down.
Can't help but let the reader think of the scene of spring flowers being beaten by the wind and rain, falling red all over the place, from happy spring to cherishing spring, the poet pinned the feelings of loving spring and cherishing spring on the sigh of falling flowers. Love is extremely cherished, cherishing spring is loving spring - the dashing spring rain also caused the poet to worry about flowers and trees. The jump of time, the alternation of clouds and sunny days, and the subtle changes in feelings are all full of interest and can bring people endless interest.
The whole poem is twenty words, simple and natural, without any traces of artificial carving, the moment the poet wakes up, takes the sound of birds, wind and rain and worry about the fall of flowers, it is reminiscent of the infinite spring of the whole spring, giving the reader unlimited imagination space.
Twenty words, winding paths, twists and turns.
Huang Shucan commented in "Notes on Tang Poetry": "Poetry to nature, there is no trace. The sentence "flowers fall" contains a little bit of regret for spring. ”
Liu Yongji commented in "The Essence of Tang People's Quatrains": "This ancient and modern recitation work is good for everyone, and only Haoran can say it." Smelling the wind and rain and regretting the falling flowers, it can not only be seen that the poet is clear, but also has the feeling of Qu Zi's "mourning the scattering of the people". ”
8. "People are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the spring mountain is empty".
From 721 A.D. (the ninth year of Kaiyuan) to 735 A.D. (the twenty-third year of Kaiyuan), during the "prosperous era of Kaiyuan", Wang Wei in his youth was demoted because of his subordinates dancing yellow lions, and he has been living a half-official and half-hidden life.
During this period, Wang Wei visited Ruoye Creek (Wuyun Creek in the southeast of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province), was in a good mood, and remembered that his predecessor Wang Ji wrote "the cicada noise forest is quieter, and the birdsong mountain is more secluded", and he wanted to compete with it, so he wrote this eternal swan song "Birdsong Stream".
Birdsong stream
People are idle and osmanthus falls, and the night is quiet and the spring mountain is empty.
The moonrise frightens the mountain birds, and the spring stream sings.
The first sentence "people are idle and osmanthus flowers fall" creates a quiet and quiet environment.
"Osmanthus" fell, how light it was, quietly silent. When people are in a hurry, they will never notice the osmanthus falling to the ground, let alone hear the sound of the osmanthus falling to the ground. Only in the case of absolute relaxation and leisure, and the absolute tranquility of the space, will people see the process of the osmanthus falling to the ground, and hear the small sound of the osmanthus leaving the branch and landing, so as to know the "fall" of the osmanthus.
The second sentence "the night is quiet and the spring mountain is empty" is to undertake and further discover the tranquility of the spring mountain from a large scale.
The poet felt the osmanthus fall to the ground, so he was surprised by the silence of the mountains, and when he looked up, he found that the night was so quiet, and the mountains were so empty.
The third and fourth sentences "The moonrise frightens the mountain birds, and the spring stream sings", further writing stillness with movement.
In this incomparably empty and quiet spring mountain, everything in heaven and earth has been intoxicated with the silence of the night, and even the moon rises and the white light shines on the mountain, which will alarm the birds inhabiting the mountain.
At this time, it can be imagined that the light in the mountains has changed, the mist has become brighter, and the mountains have become more mysterious.
However, although the bird was "startled", it was not so alarmed that it flew away. They just stood still, chirping in the forest stream to express their surprise.
Wang Wei has a large number of works, all of which express an artistic conception of "emptiness". This poem is one of them.
This poem is a masterpiece of static writing with movement, and the poet uses "people are idle", "osmanthus flowers falling", "moonrise", and "mountain birds" to embellish an incomparably quiet and empty spring night sky and mountain artistic conception. Perhaps only Wang's "cicada noise forest is quieter, birdsong mountain is more secluded" can be compared.
Wang Wei's poem shows the beautiful life of a prosperous era, and in a troubled era, it is impossible to have such a state of mind to appreciate and understand such an artistic conception.
Hu Yinglin commented in "Poetry": "Taibai Wuyan is the spoken language of the immortals, but the right Cheng has entered Zen Buddhism, such as 'people are idle and the osmanthus flowers fall...... and the life experience is forgotten, and all thoughts are silent." ”
Xu Zeng commented in "And An Says Tang Poems": "'Night Quiet Spring Mountain Sky', Right Cheng is good at Zen, and his poems are all in line with the Holy Religion. "When the spring stream is singing", the husband bird and the stream are in the spring mountain, the moon is both frightened by the bird, the bird is also frightened, the bird is singing in the tree, but the sound is in the stream, it is purely chemical, non-human reach. ”
Fig.3 Spring view of Ruoye River
Nine, "waiting for leisure to know the east wind, thousands of purples and thousands of reds are always spring" is the reason for the spring scene
In 1141 A.D. (the 11th year of Shaoxing), the Song and Jin signed the "Shaoxing Peace Agreement", and a Song-Jin territory was bounded by Huaishui.
In 1163 A.D. (the first year of Longxing), the Southern Song Dynasty court was in the southeast, and the Jin people also had to temporarily rest in Huaibei.
In the end of Zhu Xi's life, it was impossible to cross the Huai River to the Lu realm, let alone go north to reach the land of Surabaya. However, this poem is written about Surabaya, and the reason is that Zhu Xi is submerged in psychology, loves Confucius, and yearns for the victory of Confucius who lived on top of Su Si, recited string songs, and preached and taught, so he entrusted himself to the fugue to seek Fang. Therefore, this poem is actually a reference to Surabaya, a sacred place of Confucius.
Spring
Shengri seeks the Fangsi waterfront, and the boundless scenery is new.
Waiting for leisure to know the east wind side, thousands of purples and thousands of reds are always spring.
The first and second sentences of "Shengri seeks the shore of Surabaya, and the boundless scenery is new for a while", not that the poet is stepping on spring in Surabaya on the surface, but that the poet is traveling to Surabaya, the holy land of Confucius, and feeling the thousands of spring light.
In the third and fourth sentences, "Waiting for leisure to know the spring breeze, thousands of purples and thousands of reds are always spring", in response to the "looking for Fang" in the first sentence, "knowing" corresponds to "looking for Fang". The "east wind side" is very easy to see and recognize, because on the earth, everything is recovering, and the boundless spring flowers and trees can reflect the "east wind" and see the "boundless scene" of spring.
"Seeking Fang" refers to the way of seeking saints. The space shown in the "boundless scene" is extremely vast, which reveals the poet's original intention of seeking the holy way. "East Wind" is a metaphor for education, and "Thousands of Purples and Thousands of Reds" is a metaphor for the richness and variety of Confucius.
The poet likens the way of the sage to the spring breeze that stimulates the birth and ignites all things. This is actually a philosophical poem that is interesting in the image. Philosophical poetry without revealing traces of reasoning is the mastery of the poet.
Huang Shen commented in the "Dictionary of Song Poetry Appreciation": "The image of the poem "Spring" is more distinct, the scene is more vivid, and the description is more natural. “
10. "The snow is too late in spring, so the garden trees are flying flowers" The spring romance
In December of 814 A.D. (the tenth year of Yuan He), Han Yu was promoted to the position of Governor of the Imperial Palace.
In February 815 (the 11th year of Yuan He), Han Yu wrote this "Spring Snow".
Spring Snow
The New Year was not blooming, and the grass sprouts were seen in early February.
The snow is too late in spring, so it wears the garden trees to make flying flowers.
The first and second sentences "There is no bloom in the New Year, and the grass sprouts are surprised at the beginning of February", indicating that the time is early spring February. On this day, the poet was suddenly surprised to see that delicate grass sprouts had grown on the earth, which had not moved a few days before.
Although spring is late, the comparison is still coming. It is conceivable that the earth will soon be full of spring, and the word "surprise" shows the poet's dissatisfaction and joy.
The third and fourth sentences "the snow is too late in spring, so the trees in the garden are flying flowers", which is quite new and is a stroke of genius.
On the surface, it is said that because the snow comes too late in spring, it simply walks through the trees, falls off the branches, and decorates it into a tree of silver flowers to create spring.
What it actually means is that February has arrived, and we have just seen a little bit of spring, and we are still far from the real recovery of all things and the spring when flowers are in full bloom. Of course, these are regrettable, but in the eyes of the poet, the spring snow that pierces the trees and flowers can also be regarded as the messenger of spring.
The arrival of the snow is obviously the reason for the late arrival of spring, but the poet said that the snow is because the spring comes too late, so "the trees through the garden" fly one after another. This kind of translation of cause and effect, anthropomorphic writing, but it increases the interest of the poem.
This poem is lively and natural, ingenious, and is a good product in Han Yu's poems.
Zhu Baoying commented in "Poetry": ""Anthology" uses Xie Huilian's "Snow Fu" into the category. Snow is the most difficult to give in all kinds of searches, and the word 'spring' must be cut to give spring snow, which is especially difficult to give snow. The first and second sentences of this poem are chewed out of the word 'spring', which seems to have nothing to do with snow, but are all three or four sentences, almost cutting the word 'snow' everywhere. Three sentences and four sentences go around, with snow and snow scenes, do not write snow, and the snow word is self-seeing, do not die to do spring, and the spring word is free. The four sentences are born in one breath, and those who look at ordinary axes and chisels can only see the marks of carving, and they are far from each other. ”
11. "Thousands of miles of warblers cry green and red, and the water village mountain Guo wine flag wind" of the thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River
In 833 A.D. (the seventh year of Yamato), Du Mu was awarded the position of promoter by Niu Monk and Ru, and later became the secretary and lived in Yangzhou. On the way to see the cow monks and children in Yangzhou, he wrote this "Jiangnan Spring".
Gangnam Chun
Thousands of miles of warblers cry green and red, and the water village mountain Guo wine flag wind.
There are 480 temples in the Southern Dynasties, and how many buildings are in the smoke and rain.
The first and second sentences of "thousands of miles of warblers cry green and red, and the water village mountain Guo wine flag wind" is a quick scan from far to near, from top to bottom. It is also the first impression of spring in the south of the Yangtze River.
In the vast south of the Yangtze River, the yellow warbler is singing happily, the clusters of green trees reflect the clusters of red flowers, and the villages near the water, the cities by the mountains, and the wine flags waving in the wind are all in sight. The charming Jiangnan, after the poet's wonderful pen, seems to be even more heart-wrenching.
Although there is a backdrop of red and green colors, there is a backdrop of mountains and rivers, a backdrop of villages and castles, a backdrop of movement and stillness, and a backdrop of sound and color. But these alone do not seem to be rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River.
The third and fourth sentences of "480 temples in the Southern Dynasties, how many buildings are in the smoke and rain", is the more misty and profound side of the spring in the south of the Yangtze River.
The Buddhist temple with many houses originally gave people a deep feeling, and now the poet deliberately let it haunt and hide in the misty smoke and rain, which adds a hazy and misty color. Such pictures and tones, combined with the brightness and splendor of the first sentence, make this picture of "Jiangnan Spring" more colorful.
The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a long historical color to this picture. "Four hundred and eighty" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize the number of numbers. The poet first emphasized that there is no more than one Buddhist temple with magnificent architecture, and then followed by the song "How many buildings are in the smoke and rain", which is particularly reverie.
The poet lived in the late Tang Dynasty when feudal towns were divided, eunuchs were dictatorial, and friends were fighting. Tang Xianzong believed in immortals and good Buddhas and sought immortality. The number of monks and nuns continued to rise, and the economy of monasteries continued to develop, which greatly weakened the strength of the government and greatly increased the burden on the state.
The poet deeply understands all this, and he believes that the emperor of the Southern Dynasty is famous for his Buddha in Chinese history, so the main purpose of this poem is to promote Confucianism and Buddhism, express his worries about the ruler's lack of skills in governing the country and the misuse of Buddhism;
There is also a small episode in this poem, that is, is it true that "a thousand miles" has a sense of meaning? Or is "ten miles" more in line with reality? Since Yang Shen, there have been quite a lot of debates among various literati, most of whom oppose Yang Shen's theory of "ten miles", and the author also agrees with the theory of "thousands of miles" here.
Yang Shen commented in "Sheng'an Poems": "'Thousands of miles of warblers cry', who can hear them? Thousands of miles of 'green and red', who can see it? If it is 'ten miles', then the scenery of the warbler is green and red, and the villages, buildings, monks' temples, and wine flags are all in it. “
Hu Zhenheng commented in "Tang Yin Wu Sign": "Yang Yongxiu wants to change 'thousands of miles' to 'ten miles'. Poetry is in the image ear, after all, 'thousands of miles' is better than 'ten miles'. ”
He Wenhuan commented in "Poetry of the Past Dynasties": "'Thousands of miles of warblers cry green and reflect red' clouds, this Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring" poem is also. Sheng'an means 'thousand' and should be 'ten'. The cover of 'thousands of miles' can no longer be heard or seen, and what is the cloud's 'warbler crying green and red'? The title cloud "Jiangnan Spring", the south of the Yangtze River is thousands of miles. In the thousands of miles, the warbler cries and the green is reflected, the water village and the mountains, there is no place without the wine flag, the four hundred and eighty temples, and the buildings are mostly in the smoke and rain. The meaning of this poem is wide, and it cannot be specifically referred to one place, so it is generally called "Jiangnan Spring", and the poet is good at setting up the title. “
Liu Yongji commented in "The Essence of Tang People's Quatrains": "According to Yang Shenzhi, the stubbornness is ridiculous, and He Wenhuan refutes it. However, if it is said that the poet is good at setting up the topic, it is also shallow to regard the poet. The ancient poets were not like the authors of later generations who first set up a topic and then turned it into a poem, but most of them wrote poems and then set up a topic. This poem is Du Mu when he traveled to the south of the Yangtze River, felt the beauty of the scenery, and recalled the prosperous days of the Southern Dynasty, so he had this work. The words 'thousands of miles' also summarize the ears of words, and it is not ridiculous to want to hear and see and seek! "
Twelve, "the grass grows and the warbler flies in the February sky, and the poplars and willows are drunk with spring smoke".
In the early spring of 1863 (the second year of Tongzhi), the 36-year-old Gao Ding avoided chaos in the countryside of Ningbo, when Ningbo had not yet been invaded by war, and the mountain village was still a peaceful and quiet scenery.
Murai
The grass grows and the warbler flies in the February sky, and the willows are drunk with spring smoke.
The children returned early from school and were busy releasing paper kites in the east wind.
Qiu Chi, a writer of the Liang Dynasty, said in "The Book with Chen Bo": "In late spring and March, the grass grows in the south of the Yangtze River, the peanut trees are mixed, and the warblers fly wildly. ”
The first and second sentences of "the grass grows and the warbler flies in the February sky, and the poplars and willows on the embankment are drunk with spring smoke", the first sentence should be the famous sentence of Qiu Chi. The first two sentences combine the grass, warblers, and willows that can best represent spring in early spring to spell out an incomparably charming picture of spring in a mountain village.
The spring is so bright and moving, so the people in the spring are even more vibrant.
The third and fourth sentences "The children returned early from school, and they were busy releasing paper kites in the east wind", vividly depicting the scene of a group of naughty children returning from school and busy playing with paper kites.
There is movement in the stillness of the whole poem, and there is childlike fun in the movement, so the spring light of the mountain village is intoxicating.
13. "The light rain in the heavenly street is as moist as a crisp, and the grass is close but there is no hazy spring".
In 823 A.D. (the third year of Changqing), Han Yu, who was close to the age of sixtieth, had just served as a servant of the Ministry of Officials, and had just pacified Zhenzhou (now Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province) with his own strength.
In early spring, the water department Zhang 18 members of the two songs
The light rain in the sky street is as moist as a crisp, and the grass color is close but there is none.
It is the most beneficial spring of the year, and it is absolutely better than the smoke and willows in the imperial capital.
Han Yu's poems praise the plain verses, but the idea is not plain.
The "light rain" and "grass color" in the poem are the most bland early spring scenery, and "moist as a crisp" is also the most basic evaluation of light rain. But combined, it's so fresh, natural, and fun.
In particular, "looking near but nothing" accurately writes the hazy feeling of grass, silky light rain, and hazy grass in the early spring rain, everything is so full of vitality and expectation.
In the last two verses, the poet praises the scenery of early spring as far better than the bright twilight spring. Because in late spring, the colors are already thick, and the feeling of being absent no longer exists.
Hu Zai commented in "Tiaoxi Yuyin Cong Afterword": "'The light rain in Tianjie is as moist as a crisp...... This retreat is also the poem "Early Spring". 'The lotus has no rain cover, and the chrysanthemum still has proud frost branches. A good year must be remembered, the most orange, yellow, orange and green. This Zizhan "Early Winter" poem also. The two poems have the same meaning but different words, and they are all wonderful. ”
Huang Shucan commented in "Notes on Tang Poetry": "'The grass color is close but there is nothing', and the portrayal is very good. Just as the painter paints colors, intentionally or unintentionally, the two sentences of 'yes' say that the benefits of spring are better than those in the heyday of smoke and willow. ”
14. "The river is more than white, and the mountains and blue flowers are about to burn" in the spring
In 764 A.D. (the second year of Guangde), Du Fu was appointed as a member of the inspection department, made Yan Wu's staff officer, and returned to the thatched cottage on the bank of Huanhua River in Chengdu.
In the late spring of this year, Du Fu saw the scenery and felt homesick and wrote this "Quatrain".
Two quatrains, two songs
The river is more than white, and the mountains are blue and flowery.
This spring has passed again, when is the return year?
The first and second sentences of "Jiang Bi Bird is more than white, and the mountain blue flowers are about to burn", which is a painting in the poem, with strong contrast, and a picture of spring color is rendered in thick ink and color.
Wet with ink on the paper, rich color in the picture, there is a dazzling charm. The blue waves of the river ripple, revealing the white feathered water birds, sweeping the wings of the river, a pleasant scenery. The mountains are verdant, and the flowers all over are extremely red, just like a burning fire, very charming and splendid.
The third and fourth sentences "Look at and pass this spring, when is the return of the year", write the sorrow with the music scene, only to say that its spring is harmonious, in order to compare the poet's earnestness.
The scenery at this moment is not beautiful, but it is a pity that the years go by, the return date is far away, the more beautiful the scenery, the more the poet's heart is infinitely sentimental.
Jiaoran commented in "Poetic Style": "Because of Jiang Bi and feel that it is more than white, because of the green mountains and the color of flowers is red, how many levels are in this cross, you can understand the method of refining sentences." And the old Du because of the flowers and birds, feeling things and thinking about home, a kind of divine reason, has jumped on the paper. ”
Zhou Ting commented in "Selected Pulse of Tang Poetry": "The rivers and mountains, flowers and birds, and the eyes are easy to pass, but if you are in a foreign country, you will return to no time, and everything you touch will become sad thoughts." ”
15. "Yang Huayu pod has no talent, but the courage to understand the sky and snow flying".
In 816 A.D. (Yuan and 11 years), Han Yu, who was the prince's right concubine, lived in Chang'an, this year, he traveled to the south of Chang'an in the spring, and wrote "Sixteen Songs of the South of the City", this poem is one of them.
Late spring
The grass and trees know that spring will return soon, and all kinds of red and purple will be fragrant.
Yang Huayu pod has no talent, but the solution is to make snow fly all over the sky.
As the saying goes: "sad spring and sad autumn". "Sad spring" is often sentimental twilight spring, spring has passed, life is inevitably nostalgic.
Han Yu's "Late Spring" is unusual, with anthropomorphic techniques, the body and objects are nuanced, and the magic that has not been obtained by others is refreshing.
The first and second sentences "The grass and trees know that spring will return soon, and all kinds of red and purple fight Fangfei" are based on thousands of plants and trees as the protagonists.
The third and fourth sentences "Yang Hua and Yu Pods have no talents, but they can only understand the snow flying in the sky", which is based on Yang Hua and Yu Pod as the protagonists, and the two of them have no gorgeous appearance or ingenious talents, so they have to learn the flying snow in the sky, which is eye-catching. It's not creative, but it's all about participation.
The poet uses anthropomorphic techniques to blend people and flowers in one, not to say that people cherish spring, but to say that the grass and trees also know that spring will be soon, so a hundred flowers compete for beauty, each showing fragrant flowers. Also joining in the excitement are the simple and unpretentious poplar elm pods, which flutter all over the sky like snow. People say that the grass and trees are ruthless, and the poem says that they have knowledge, can "know", can "solve" and "fight", and there is also a distinction between "talent" and "talent". The strangeness of imagination is really rare in poetry. This is the obvious and interesting part of this poem, which can be called a renovation in peace, which is quite interesting.
However, the word "no talent" is quite strange, which has caused many speculations in later generations. Or it is to persuade people to study diligently, not to be like Yang Hua who is incapacitated, or it is a metaphor for people's lack of talent and inability to write good articles, or it is said to be ironic, or it is said to praise Yang Hua for her interest and courage although she has no beauty.
The author believes that the word "no talent" has two meanings.
First, it is to admire the courage of poplar flowers and elm pods. Even if you have no talent, you have the courage to participate, dare to express yourself, and finally get a place, so as not to be unknown;
The second is a metaphor and self-modesty for oneself. In this world, there are all masters who compete for beauty, and they are only shallow in their studies, but they are not willing to be silent, and they must make every effort to make a contribution to "Spring".
The moral of this poem is that different life experiences and moods may have different understandings.
Zhu Baoying commented in "Poetry": "In the late spring of spring, the word late should be cut everywhere. The first sentence is changed from the word "spring" to the word "late", which can be described as a good contrarian trend. The second sentence writes about the scene of late spring. Three sentences turn out of a scene, covered in the red and purple fragrant flowers, the color is very gorgeous, and there is no such as a flower, elm pods do not understand the point of dyeing, but see the sky like the flying ears of snow. The four sentences are written in two layers, and the word 'late spring' jumps on the paper. There is no way to draw the corners of the head, and it takes a lot of effort to cut it, and only the number of small families is also lost. This poem is closed with a poem of "Spring Snow", purely from the Han swimming, so the poem pen is circling around, just like its text, the ancient people, there are those who are. ”