When the time came to the second millennium B.C., whether it was the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations in the Middle East, the Indian civilization in the Indian Peninsula, or the Chinese civilization in the Yellow River Valley, they were all destroyed.
The reason why the nomads were able to quickly stand up was due to the development of two technologies. One is the domestication of horses, and the other is the development of iron-smelting technology.
First of all, let's talk about the development of horse taming, in about 5000 BC, the phenomenon of people riding people was more common than people riding animals, because at that time people could ride only a handful of animals, the speed of bull riding was too slow, not suitable for the belief that time is the prey of the primitive life, riding a wild donkey is even more funny, because her body is relatively petite, a camel heavy weight on the nest.
Large, strong, and fast horses appeared in southern Russia around 2500 B.C., and later, after numerous excellent breedings, the horses became taller and larger. Of course, there are still smaller horses that have not been improved by the excellent genes of Russian horses because of the distance between mountains and seas, and that is the small wild horses of the American West.
With tall horses, the nomads naturally drooled with joy, but they did not have the idea of flying directly to the back of the horse. They chose to attach their horses to their carts, and this was the first terrifying weapon of mass destruction invented in the history of nomadic development - the chariot.
The invention of the chariot At that time, the battlefield dominated by infantry was simply a wolf into a flock of sheep, the chariot was rampaging and unhappy, but the infantry soldiers on the ground were flying flesh and blood and wailing all over the ground. Although the chariot is strong and durable, it also has its fatal shortcomings, that is, it is heavy and clumsy, and on the fleeting battlefield of the warplane, the charge of the chariot is often only a one-time one, so some people who are anxious simply ride directly on horseback, which is the earliest prototype of cavalry.
At the end of the 2000 BC, with the invention of the saddle stool, which matched the horse, the nomadic cavalry gradually replaced the bulky chariot, and with the help of the saddle madden, these men with a horse pole could shoot arrows like rain with their hands free.
Moreover, around 2,500 B.C., iron-smelting technology has developed rapidly, compared with copper-smelting and iron-smelting technology, which is relatively late, mainly because the iron-smelting process is much more complex than copper-smelting, and he needs to be repeatedly beaten and quenched to become hard. Although the hardness of iron has been improved, it also has a huge disadvantage, that is, it is easy to rust, but fortunately, the cost of iron making is relatively low, and the iron ore is widely distributed, so iron tools have been used a lot.
Although several major civilizations have been destroyed by nomads, it is clear that these men on horseback are not the same people.
The people who invaded the Mesopotamian civilization in the Middle East were very complex, because the civilization produced in this ancient region was like a magnet, attracting the peoples who wandered nearby, and coupled with the particularity of the perennial floods in the two river basins, the Mesopotamian civilization was also the most easily disturbed civilization.
In the second millennium B.C., barbarian invasions began to take place in the Middle East, starting with the Hittites, the Kassites and the Hurrians, who were of different ethnic groups, but all of whom belonged to the Indo-European language family. Next door, Egypt was not spared, with a group of invaders, mainly Semites, mixed with other ethnic minorities, coming to his home. It was only in 150 BC that this farce subsided, and the Middle East was divided between the Hittite, Egyptian, and Assyrian empires.
As the saying goes, there is a first, there is a second, and it stopped for about 300 years, around 1200 BC, due to the constant disputes between the three empires mentioned above, giving other minorities the opportunity to invade. The Phoenicians, Aramae, and Hebrews all wanted to reap the benefits of the three empires. The end result was successive annexation by the mighty Second Assyrian Empire.
The destruction of Indian civilization is much simpler than that of Middle Eastern civilization. Also in about 1500 B.C., the Aryans, armed with iron chariots, easily defeated the Indians who were still using bronze tools and using oxen to pull carts. The Aryans came heavily, just as he walked heavily, and with a wave of his sleeves, he left behind a great deal of literature in the form of the Vedas.
Also around 1500 B.C., the Yellow River valley in northern China was invaded by charioteers, who were armed with bronze weapons that had not been upgraded in technology. When these people came to the ancient land of China, they did not kill the locals like the barbarians who invaded India, but lived with the local civilization in love, so this also made the unique Chinese civilization continue from the Shang Dynasty to the present. Although Chinese civilization has changed somewhat, it has never been completely changed, let alone destroyed.
From a historical perspective, look at the problems of reality!
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