World Heritage of Irrigation Engineering
Yes International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID)
The selection began in 2014
World Heritage Sites
Designed for better conservation and utilization
In use of ancient irrigation works
Excavate and publicize the history of irrigation engineering
and its impact on the course of world civilization
Learn the wisdom of the ancients about sustainable irrigation
Protecting precious historical and cultural heritage
Selected so far
There are 34 World Irrigation Engineering Heritage sites in China
It is the richest type of irrigation engineering heritage
The most widely distributed
Countries with the most outstanding irrigation benefits
What is so special about these World Heritage Sites for Irrigation Engineering?
They show the wisdom of our ancestors
Let's take stock of them one by one
These are the shining pearls in the history of China's water control
Quanjia Village, Zhaojia Town, Zhuji, Zhejiang
Wells are dotted
At its peak, it had more than 8,000 mouths
How to lift water from so many wells
Wise ancients
The answer is given
They invented a principle that utilizes leverage
The original water drawing tool
来提取groundwater irrigation paddy land
That's it
Orange pomegranate well irrigation project
October 12, 2015
The Zhuji Juhua well irrigation project was included
World Heritage List of Irrigation Projects
Well irrigation has a long history in China
c. 300 BC
Zhuangzi, a representative of the Taoist school in the middle of the Warring States period
It is recorded that the orange tree and the well irrigation are recorded
and the story that happened in the promotion of oranges
"Chiseling wood is the machine, the back is heavy and the front is light
If the water is pumped, the number is like a soup, and its name is 槔"
It is said that "there is a weapon here, and it is soaked in a hundred furrows a day."
Effortlessness and effortlessness are abundant."
During the Qin and Han dynasties, orange trees and well irrigation developed along with agriculture
Quickly spread to the vast rural areas of China
It was not until the beginning of the 20th century that it gradually disappeared
It is located 20 kilometers southwest of Zhuji City, Zhejiang
Zhaojiazhen has used this ancient water lifting tool to this day
Quanfu and other villages in Zhaojia Town
It is located under the main peak of Zoumagang in Huiji Mountain
The small alluvial basin of Huangtan Creek
The average annual precipitation here is 1462 mm
The water of Huangtan Creek is turbulent
The flood and drought levels vary greatly
The guarantee rate of diversion irrigation is low
However, the basin is dominated by sandy loam soils
Groundwater resources are abundant
The burial depth is shallow, and the replenishment is fast
Therefore, wells were dug to draw water
It has become the main source of irrigation and drinking water here
It can be seen that the ancients had a scientific understanding of the groundwater cycle
Groundwater conservation and exploitation are systematically planned
Quanfu Village is the village with the most well irrigation in Zhuji at present
A well is usually owned by a single household
A few wells are shared by two or three households
The irrigation area of most wells is 1~3 acres
The orange tree can be used to meet the irrigation needs by lifting water
And it is easy for farmers to manage by themselves
This may be the traditional well irrigation method in Zhuji
The reason why it has been preserved to this day
According to 1985 statistics
At that time, there were 3,633 wells in Zhaojia Town
The irrigation area is 6,600 acres
Orange well irrigation is still the main irrigation method in the local area
Today, there are 118 ancient wells in the core area of well irrigation in Quanjia Village
The irrigation area is more than 400 acres
What was once a rice paddy
Some of them were replanted with cherries with higher economic value
Spring-fed rice and cherries are of excellent quality
The agricultural products of Quanfu Village are unique and attractive
Bisui-koi
The locals irrigated the wells with orange trees
It's called "Bad Well"
"Difficult" is the combined name of the well and the water lifting machine
It also implies the well irrigation process
The direction of the water outlet at the wellhead
Braids were placed
Protects the bucket from being knocked out
Several wells are distributed between them to shelter from the rain
"Rain factory" for resting and storing farm tools
By the well or build a bamboo shed
or planting trees with abundant foliage
to withstand the scorching summer sun
The season when rice needs water
Farmers carry 300 barrels of water every day
Irrigation ditches
With the popularity of electricity and pumping machines since the 19th century
Traditional irrigation equipment such as orange trees
Usage is gradually decreasing
But
Zhuji's wells still remain in the fields
Perhaps the irrigation method itself doesn't matter
The existence and use of the well is only for the people of Quanfu Village
Remembering the ancestral way and keeping it
Orange tree composition
Zhuji orange well irrigation project
It is a living fossil of orange pomegranate water
Has a unique history
Technological and cultural values
Historical value
The Zhuji Juhua well irrigation project has been completely preserved
Traditional engineering facility types and usage methods
It is an ancient water-lifting device
and the historical testimony of the early type of irrigation civilization
Historical evolution of heritage
It has witnessed the social, economic and cultural development of the region
Witness irrigation in an agrarian society
It plays a supporting role in regional economic and cultural development
Technological value
The Zhuji well irrigation project makes full use of the natural conditions of the region
Adapt to local conditions
With the simplest type of ancient engineering facilities
The irrigation benefits have been fully exerted
The ancestors of Zhaojiazhen were about 200 years ago
The mechanism of the groundwater cycle has been scientifically understood
and accordingly through engineering facilities
Artificially increase the infiltration and recharge of groundwater
Rapidly eroding surface water resources are diverted to the ground
Increase the amount of water available for irrigation
Reasonable well group arrangement
Make it at a different elevation
Each hill of land belonging to a different farmer
There is well water for irrigation
Each hill field forms a relatively independent irrigation unit
Orange pomegranate well irrigation project
It has a clear ownership and use right and is consistent with the cultivated land
In addition, the distribution of groundwater resources is relatively fair
Objective conditions have been created to reduce water disputes
For those involving the rights and interests of different rural households in terms of water use
It was also established in the form of township rules and conventions
Reasonable and perfect coordination mechanism
It embodies simple and effective management wisdom
Cultural values
The orange tree bears a long and unique bearing
traditional Chinese culture and philosophical thought
Zhuji orange well irrigation
In the process of development and evolution, it is integrated with Vietnamese culture
It has derived a "good well" culture with strong regional characteristics
And reflected in the production and life of residents
Especially in local folk songs
drama and other cultural forms
Field irrigation channels
It is synthesized from the Secretariat of the National Irrigation and Drainage Commission of China and the official account of "Yangtze River Zhijian".
Source: China Water Affairs