The civil engineering pay-off survey class learns the construction pay-off measurement, and the construction pay-off of civil engineering/housing engineering construction starts from the positioning of the building, and is inseparable from the construction pay-off until the capping of the main project. It is roughly divided into three stages: building positioning (pay-off), foundation construction (pay-off) and main construction (pay-off).
Building positioning, is the first time after the start of the housing construction project, the building positioning participants are: the urban planning department (subordinate survey team) and the construction unit of the surveyor (professional), according to the architectural planning positioning map for positioning, and finally at the construction site to form (at least) 4 positioning piles. The pay-off tool is "total station" or "more advanced theodolite".
After the foundation construction is set up, the professional surveyors of the construction unit, the person in charge of the construction site and the supervisor jointly carry out the pay-off and measurement review of the foundation project (the supervision personnel are mainly the side station supervision and verification), and finally release the positioning piles of all building axes (according to the size of the building can also be laid out at intervals of the axis), and all the axis positioning piles are laid out according to the positioning piles (at least 4) of the planning department and the construction plan of the bottom floor of the building. The pay-off tool is "theodolite".
After the foundation positioning and pay-off is completed, the surveyors and constructors at the construction site release the edge of the foundation according to the axis of the positioning, and carry out foundation excavation. Pay-off tools: theodolite, gantry panel, wire rope, line pendant, steel tape measure, etc. Small projects may not have a surveyor, that is, the construction worker will pay off the line.
Note: The foundation axis positioning pile must be led to the permanent buildings or fixtures around the proposed building at the same time as the foundation is laid out, so as to prevent the axis positioning pile from being damaged and used for remediation.
After the main construction is put out and the foundation engineering is built out of plus or minus zero, it is followed by the first and second floors of the main body... Until the construction and pay-off work of the main body capping, pay-off tools: theodolite, thread pendant, thread rope, ink fountain, steel tape measure, etc. According to the axis positioning pile and the axis reference line of the external introduction, the construction pay-off is carried out. Use a theodolite to hit the axis on the building, pop up the axis on the construction level of the building, and then release the columns, walls and other edges according to the axis, and so on each floor until the main body is capped.
There are a variety of methods for construction pay-off, the site where conditions permit, as long as the gantry pile is nailed more than once, the general gantry pile is mainly used for foundation construction pay-off, after the foundation is completed, the axis and horizontal guide to the side of the four corners of the upper part of the foundation, with the ink line to pop up the vertical and horizontal lines to make a triangular mark, before the introduction needs to use the datum point to verify whether the gantry pile is accurate, so that no matter if you put N many times the line, as long as the base point on the side of the foundation is used to measure the axis with an instrument or plumb, and the elevation is measured with a steel ruler, so that the main body can be capped. This method is the simplest and most practical.
To put it bluntly, the shape on the drawing is put on the ground at a 1:1 scale, but you must learn to read the drawing and learn the necessary instrument operation.
Linesmen are a very comprehensive type of work, not only to master the operation of various instruments, but also to be able to read drawings, and to be able to quickly memorize values, requiring accurate operation and so on. First learn the operation of the level and theodolite, and then learn to read the map, it is best to be able to draw, and then be familiar with the drawing, start from the magnified line, determine the position of the axis, and finally put the local axis, pop up the wall to leave the hole, etc., only practice more, ask people diligently, and wait for you to put the line of one or two buildings will slowly become proficient.
There are a variety of pay-off methods for construction pay-off site operation; generally divided into gantry plate positioning ruler measurement pay-off and instrument measurement pay-off, the former according to the control point known in the drawing or the control point determined on the spot, pile driving and erecting gantry board at a certain distance around the building foundation to be pay-off, pull a large right-angle line with the construction line on the gantry board, try to tighten the line, and then use the Pythagorean theorem to use the steel ruler to fit the ruler, the size should be a little larger, generally 6, 8, 10m, so more accurate, first in the two control line to measure the size with a red pencil put point, and then two people pull the ruler, one person swing can be any line and the size of the steel ruler stable, and then fix the construction line on the gantry board, with a steel ruler from the beginning and proofread again, after confirming that it is correct, hang the line around the line, the steel ruler check, according to the size of the axis on the drawing with a steel ruler to measure the point, with a plumb hanging on the ground, so that you can use lime powder to let go of the digging line, with a level on the gantry board to measure and control the elevation.
The latter is much simpler if you can use a theodolite or a total station, as long as the distance and angle relationship on the drawing can be measured and determined according to the control point known in the drawing or the control point determined on the spot.
What knowledge points do you need to master in surveying training? including surveying instruments, surveying software, surveying data courses, the most important of which is the application of total station and RTK in the construction process, as well as the calculation of earthwork and coordinate calculation in software courses, etc., if you need to know more comprehensive courses, please consult Mr. Chen of Dongying Times!
Main training: engineering surveying, surveying and mapping, cost, construction, data skills, academic qualifications, technician certificates, etc. School surveying includes building surveying, road and bridge surveying, tunnel surveying, mine surveying, topographic surveying, cadastral surveying and real estate surveying, etc. Single-learning total stations and single-learning GPS-RTK can also be learned. Instrument courses: total station, theodolite, level, GPS-RTK and other practical training courses.
Practical training, cross-listening, focusing on practical operation ability, and being able to operate independently after learning until you learn.
Training Center: Chengdu Dongying Times Training School (the school is open to students from all over the country, accommodation is available)
You can also try it out before you consider whether to sign up
Mr. Chen's phone number is 136-8819-1751, WeChat and QQ are the same