#冬日生活打卡季#
Author's inscription
A gun factory with a history of 100 years; a gun factory that was taken over by our party and our army in Northeast China before the founding of New China; a gun factory that started a business, struggled, developed, and dedicated 38 years on the military industrial front of the republic and built 82 varieties of 9006116 guns -- Military Industry No. 626 Factory (state-owned Qinghua Tools Factory). We should bear in mind the merits of selfless dedication, active construction, and assistance in the construction of a number of military factories in the large and small third-line areas during the period of "third-line construction" in the 60s of the last century, and we must never forget them......
In March 1969, after the conflict between the Chinese and Soviet armies on Zhenbao Island, China's No. 1 submachine gun factory in Bei'an, Heihe Region, Qinghua Factory (626 Factory) was in the limelight.
Prior to this, according to the requirements of the national third-line construction, Qinghua Factory has exported a large number of technical personnel to Beijing, Chongqing, Guiyang, Hubei, Liaoning, Jilin and other places in batches to build factories, but there are still tens of thousands of employees and their families who remain in the old factory in Bei'an. Tensions at the border forced the central government to order Qinghuachang to move westward to the interior again. In May 1969, the Ministry of Machinery and Machinery ordered Qinghua Factory (626 Factory) to set up a working group for the site selection of a new factory, and rushed to Shaanxi to inspect the site selection and construction of the factory.
▲Text photos in the Qinghua Military Site Museum
As early as 1954, because of the outstanding contribution of the Qinghua Factory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the relevant central departments attached great importance to it, and after the end of the war, they were planning to move the factory from Bei'an, Heilongjiang Province to Shaanxi. At that time, the first relocation of the Qinghua factory was not approved by Premier Zhou due to lack of state funds. And this time, the Fifth Machinery Department also reiterated the old words, and let the Qinghua factory choose a site to build a factory in Caijiapo, Baoji, Shaanxi.
After receiving the instructions of the Fifth Machinery Department, Qinghua Factory immediately transferred professional and technical cadres from various departments of the factory to set up a site selection team composed of seven people, including Guo Qi of the production department, Ni Jiarang of the infrastructure department, Fu Guigui of the material transportation department, Mi Zhongshu of the power department, Deng Weilu of electric power, Zhang Sihai of the financial budget, and Li Jingyi of logistics service. Immediately after the site selection team was set up, it rushed to Beijing to listen to the instructions, and an additional cadre from the Foreign Liaison Office of the Fifth Machinery Department accompanied the site selection team to Baoji, Shaanxi.
At the beginning of June 1969, after the site selection team of Qinghua Factory arrived at Caijiapo in Baoji, they found that there were already many factories there, and there was no possibility of establishing a large-scale military industrial enterprise. At the suggestion of the General Headquarters of the Third Line in the Northwest, the site selection team rushed to the south of the Weihe River in Baoji and the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains to investigate. After the site selection team arrived in Baoji, they stayed in the guest house of a military factory in Baoji, which also belongs to the system of the Fifth Machinery Department. The brother factory received the site selection personnel of the Qinghua plant very warmly, and sent people to help the site selection team find the factory site. More than ten days have passed, and the site selection team has gone out early and returned late to carefully investigate, but there is still no ideal site, and everyone is very anxious.
▲Qinghua Factory assisted some of the firearms products produced by Baojian Arsenal
In mid-June, several servicemen were accommodated in the guest house, and I heard that they were military representatives stationed in the factory who had been assigned by the Lanzhou Military Region to work in the military representative office of the factory. Because they all eat in the canteen of the factory guest house, there is also a Northeast fellow who listens to the accent. During the chat, I learned that the hometown of the officer surnamed Lin was in Shenyang, and the predecessor of the Qinghua Factory was the 90 Arsenal in Shenyang. Seeing fellow villagers in Baoji, Shaanxi, everyone was very cordial. During the casual conversation, I learned that this officer graduated from the Harbin Military Engineering College, and he not only knew about the Qinghua Plant in Bei'an, but also had his classmates in the military representative office of the Qinghua Factory.
When he learned about some difficulties in selecting the site of the factory, he told the site selection team that you can go to Tianshui, Gansu Province to have a look. The officer surnamed Lin told the site selection personnel of the Qinghua factory that he was an instructor at the Tianshui Infantry School of the Lanzhou Military Region, which had just been abolished in March and was ready to be handed over to the local government. He said that the Tianshui Infantry School covers an area of more than 1,600 acres, with a very complete living area and office area, a number of training grounds on the campus, and a lot of open space, so it is not a problem to build a factory. After listening to Instructor Lin's introduction, the site selection team was very interested, and immediately asked the ministry for instructions to prepare to go to Tianshui Bu School for inspection, and the Fifth Machine Department quickly called back to agree. Instructor Lin told the site selection team that after arriving in Tianshui, he lived in the guest house of the step school, and it was very convenient for him to eat, live and work, and he wrote a letter to the comrades-in-arms who stayed in the step school to do the aftermath work and handed it to the site selection team of the Qinghua factory.
▲The author Nan Qingjie took a photo in front of the museum
On the afternoon of June 22, 1969, the personnel of the Qinghua Factory site selection team took the train from Baoji to the west and arrived at the Tianshui Infantry School that night.
Tianshui, a prefecture-level city under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province, is located in the southeast of Gansu Province, 130 kilometers east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. It is the intersection of the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin, and Tianshui is also the geometric center of China's geographical location. In 1949, Tianshui was liberated, and the Seventh Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was stationed in Tianshui. In February 1951, the First Senior Infantry School of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was established in Tianshui, covering an area of more than 1,600 acres. Peng Shaohui, commander of the Seventh Army, served as the principal, Xian Henghan, political commissar, served as the political commissar of the school, and the vice principal was Kang Boying, a famous general drawn from the Korean front. The infantry school is a corps-level unit that specializes in training battalion and company-level cadres of various units of the Northwest Military Region.
On March 17, 1969, the Tianshui Infantry School of the Lanzhou Military Region received an order to revoke it. Who would have thought that 96 days later, the site selection team of Heilongjiang Bei'an Qinghua Factory would come to Tianshui Infantry School for inspection. A chance encounter in a guest house, a fellow villager to see a fellow countryman, has achieved a legend in the history of third-line construction.
On June 23, the site selection team of Qinghua Plant got in touch with the left-behind personnel in the school at that time, and showed a letter of introduction from the Fifth Machinery Department and the Northwest Third Line Construction General Headquarters, as well as a letter from Instructor Lin. The left-behind leaders of the step school warmly received the site selection team and arranged personnel to lead the site selection team into the step school for inspection. The two-day preliminary inspection made Guo Qi of the production department of Qinghua Factory and Ni Jiarang of the infrastructure department very happy, and more than 1,000 acres of land on the campus are enough to meet the production layout of 150,000 firearms per year. There are also many buildings on the campus that can be converted into production workshops, warehouses and office space with minor modifications. The office area and living area of the step school are pleasantly surprised by the members of the site selection team, the step school is close to Dongguan of Tianshui City, just on the edge of the city, and the production and living materials are very convenient. The use of the existing building of the step school can save a lot of money, reduce the construction time, and put it into production as soon as possible. In short, the conditions of the Tianshui Infantry School satisfied all the site selection personnel of the Qinghua Factory.
▲The sculpture group in the Minshan Military Museum
On July 2, 1969, the site selection team of Qinghua plant reached a consensus after ten days of careful inspection. Immediately, the preliminary inspection report and the sketch of the layout of the factory's production workshop were immediately submitted to the Fifth Machinery Department and the Northwest Third Line Construction General Headquarters, and it was decided to build a factory in the Tianshui Infantry School, and requested the Fifth Machinery Department and the Northwest Third Line General Headquarters to coordinate with the Lanzhou Military Region and the Gansu Provincial Party Committee to implement the construction of the factory. The Fifth Machinery Department and the Northwest Third Line General Headquarters attached great importance to the site selection of the Qinghua plant, and immediately sent competent personnel to Tianshui to coordinate the work.
On July 8, the Fifth Machinery Department, the Northwest Third Line General Headquarters, and some site selection personnel of Qinghua Plant rushed to Lanzhou. On 10 July, they were received by Xian Henghan, then director of the Gansu Provincial Revolutionary Committee, political commissar of the Lanzhou Military Region, and first secretary of the party committee of the Lanzhou Military Region. Xian Henghan joined the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in 1929. In 1949, it was the troops of the Seventh Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army of which Xian Henghan was the political commissar that liberated Tianshui. In 1951, Xian Henghan was the first political commissar and deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Tianshui Infantry School, and it can be said that he was quite familiar with the situation of the Tianshui Infantry School. During the conversation, Xian Henghan was very happy when he learned that the Qinghua Factory was the manufacturer of the Triangle Logo Type 56 submachine gun.
He said that most of the individual equipment of the units under the Lanzhou Military Region is Type 56 firearms, and because the Lanzhou Military Region has a vast territory and harsh climatic conditions, the firearms damage rate is high, and maintenance is very inconvenient. Although all military sub-districts have firearms repair shops, there is a great shortage of professional and technical personnel, the machinery and equipment are rudimentary, and there is a lack of spare parts, so they cannot undertake large-scale repairs and refurbishments. If the Qinghua plant is built in Tianshui, this problem can be completely solved. Xian Henghan immediately said that the Lanzhou Military Region and Gansu Province resolutely support the Qinghua Factory in building a large-scale gun factory at the Tianshui Bu School, provide all convenient conditions, and resolutely implement the decision of the General Headquarters of the Third Line in the Northwest and the Fifth Machine Department. Xian Henghan's statement completed the organizational work procedures and laid a solid foundation for Qinghua Factory to build a factory in Tianshuibu School.
On July 20, the Ministry of the Fifth Machinery Department officially issued the 1969-7-20 document, approving the Qinghua plant to be located in Tianshui City, Gansu Province to build a factory.
On August 5, the General Headquarters of the Third Line in the Northwest sent a telegram to the Gansu Revolutionary Committee, agreeing that the Heilongjiang Bei'an Qinghua Factory would build a submachine gun factory with an annual output of 150,000 units in Tianshui, Gansu.
From August 20 to 22, the Fifth Machinery Department and the Northwest Third Line General Headquarters respectively reported to the State Council and the Central Military Commission on the construction of the Qinghua Factory in the Gansu Tianshui Infantry School.
On 1 September, the Lanzhou Military Region issued an order that all the remaining personnel of the Tianshui Infantry School must be dispersed by 30 September, and all the school's facilities and camp equipment must be handed over to the Qinghua Factory unconditionally.
▲A glimpse of the exhibition hall in the Minshan Military Factory Museum
On September 8, the Gansu Provincial Revolutionary Committee issued Document No. 1969-9-8, ordering the Gansu Provincial National Defense Industry Office to form a leading group composed of director Liang Renjiao, deputy directors Liu Defu, Tian Hao, Wang Guanchao, Hu Yuzhi and others to specifically coordinate the construction of the Qinghua Factory in the Tianshui Infantry School.
On September 20, the site selection team of Qinghua Plant was renamed as Tianshui Preparatory Office of Qinghua Plant.
On September 21, the Tianshui Infantry School began to hand over the building facilities, office supplies and camp tools inside and outside the school to the preparatory office. In the school area, the available buildings of the step school are also very considerable, and from the production layout of the Minshan factory later, it really saves a lot of money and manpower and material resources, and greatly shortens the production time.
At 11 a.m. on September 27, representatives of the Gansu Provincial Revolutionary Committee, the Lanzhou Military Region, the Northwest Third Line General Headquarters, the Fifth Machine Department, the Provincial National Defense Industry Office, the Tianshui Prefecture Committee, the Municipal Party Committee, the Qinghua Factory, and the Tianshui Infantry School held a handover ceremony in front of the office building of the Tianshui Infantry School. Subsequently, all the personnel of the infantry school were evacuated.
On the afternoon of September 27, the Tianshui Preparatory Office of Heilongjiang North Anqinghua Factory was officially listed and took over the Tianshui Soldier School.
▲Text photos in the exhibition hall of the museum
In October 1969, with the approval of the Central Military Commission, the Tianshui Preparatory Office of Qinghua Factory (626 Factory) in Heilongjiang Province was stationed in the Tianshui Infantry School of the People's Liberation Army to build a factory.
A year later, in October 1970, the Ministry of the Fifth Machinery of the People's Republic of China issued a document to separate the factory under construction in Tianshui, Gansu Province from the Qinghua Factory, and directly assigned it to the Ministry of the Fifth Machinery Department, which was managed by the Gansu Provincial National Defense Industry Office. And changed its name: No. 5206 Factory of the Fifth Machinery Department, known as Tianshui Minshan Machinery Factory.
After the completion of Tianshui Minshan Machinery Factory, it was once the largest firearms production and military industrial enterprise in Northwest China, known as the first submachine gun factory in Northwest China. The first phase of the project has initially formed a production line with an annual output of 200,000 submachine guns, and the second phase of the project will reach an annual production capacity of 400,000 units. Later, the factory successively added production lines of police pistols and miniature submachine guns. In the early 80s, the Pingliang Huafeng Machinery Factory, which produced anti-aircraft machine guns, was merged into the Tianshui Minshan Factory, making the Tianshui Minshan Factory, a large-scale military enterprise with nearly 4,000 employees, the real No. 1 gun factory in the northwest.
In 1988, the state-owned Minshan Machinery Factory, together with 13 arsenals including Qinghua Factory, was transferred to the Capital Iron and Steel Company and renamed Shougang Minshan Machinery Factory. It is a pity that around 2006, several arsenals such as Qinghua Factory and Minshan Machinery Factory were declared bankrupt by policy, and the arsenals that had existed for dozens or nearly 100 years disappeared after several struggles and in a few helplessness......
On the evening of April 29, 2020, the gate of the original Tianshui Minshan Machinery Factory fell under the roar of the excavator, and the house number of No. 37 Minshan Road disappeared with the fall of the gate.
"No. 37 Minshan Road" used to be the house number of Minshan Machinery Factory on Minshan Road in Tianshui City. That night, when many veterans of the Minshan factory rushed to the gate after hearing the news, the construction fence had been set up, and a demolition notice was posted there. The old people didn't speak, they just silently watched the gate that was about to be demolished.
No. 37 Minshan Road, which has witnessed the prosperity and loneliness of Minshan Machinery Factory, is the eternal memory of all Minshan people. No. 37 Minshan Road, has experienced too many stories, although it is a long time, but left to the Minshan factory soldiers and workers unbearable, lingering, worth recalling yesterday. On the night when the gate of the Minshan factory was demolished, someone was videotaping the whole process. Oh, yes. An era is a thing of the past, but people still want to remember this unforgettable moment......
Fortunately, for example, today the water market has built the Minshan Military Museum here, which is the first museum in the northwest with the theme of military gun factory. (On July 1, 2023, the author spent the entire morning visiting this museum, and he was quite emotional.) ）
The workshop of the fourth workshop of the original Minshan factory was preserved by Tianshui Hongwen Garden, and the Minshan Military Museum was completed at the original site of the workshop with a width of 30 meters and a length of 100 meters, which specialized in the production and processing of gun barrels. Many people don't know the history of the Minshan factory, and the memory belongs to those who witnessed the construction of the Minshan factory, to the passionate military years, and to today's Tianshui Minshan Military Museum!
Huang Shide, a veteran worker of the former Minshan Machinery Factory, has not forgotten his original intention, and has been committed to excavating, recording, sorting, publicizing and promoting the history, culture and spirit of Minshan Factory for many years. He said in his article: "The fourth workshop of the Minshan factory is an important symbol that cannot be erased in the memory of Minshan people. The Minshan Military Museum was built on the site of the original fourth workshop, so that the entrepreneurs of the Minshan factory have a spiritual home, which is the best comfort for them. ”
▲The three-line spirit condensed during the "three-line construction" period
Speaking of the past and present of Minshan Factory, Huang Shide's heart is full of infinite emotion: an era has passed, and the stories that have happened here are very exciting. By chance, Minshan Factory came to Tianshui from Baoji, Shaanxi Province, and became the first gun factory in Northwest China, deducing the decades of Minshan Factory from infinite glory to a gloomy end. Thank you for that chance encounter! Remember the seven people who chose the site for the construction of the third-line arsenal in Qinghua Factory! Thank you for that era!
The military years of the past are history. Now the Minshan factory and the Qinghua factory that selected the site and undertook the construction of the Minshan factory and many arsenals are gone. But what I want to say is: We must not forget the achievements of the 626 Military Factory (state-owned Qinghua Tool Factory) in the period of "third-line construction" in the 60s of the last century, and actively contracted and assisted the construction of a number of military factories in large and small third-line areas; we have the responsibility to inherit and carry forward the history, culture, and spirit of those military factories in the national defense industry in those years!