1. Overview of the program
The mainland is a country with a large mountainous area, with mountains and hills accounting for about 2/3 of the total land area, and in many mountainous areas, there are basic conditions for the formation of debris flows, which also makes the mainland the country most affected by landslides and debris flow disasters. Landslide refers to the effect and phenomenon that a certain part of the rock and soil on the slope of the mountain slope moves to the bottom of the slope as a whole due to shear displacement along a certain weak structural plane (zone) under the action of gravity (including the gravity of the rock and soil itself and the dynamic and static pressure of groundwater). Therefore, the monitoring of potential landslide points is gradually realizing automated, networked and unmanned transformation, which can not only effectively provide monitoring efficiency and reduce risks, but also expand the monitoring network and rationally allocate resources to achieve multi-level monitoring and early warning. In this regard, it provides an industrial IoT platform that accesses multiple address monitoring sites, and can realize real-time online monitoring and automatic early warning of various data at the side landslide site by accessing the equipment data such as slope sliding meter, rain gauge, crack meter, earth pressure gauge, flow meter, strain gauge, camera, etc., effectively support the efficient work of disaster prevention and mitigation, and build a safe and reliable monitoring and management system.
Second, the system composition
The landslide online monitoring and early warning system adopts unattended automatic monitoring, based on the Internet of Things, Internet, Beidou + and other technologies, with the self-developed monitoring platform and various sensors as the core, and makes full use of various monitoring methods to establish a three-dimensional monitoring network on the surface and deep underground, so as to carry out systematic and reliable deformation monitoring of landslides. Real-time monitoring of the development process of various types of cracks in different parts of the mountain, rock and soil relaxation and local collapse, settlement and uplift activities, underground and ground deformation dynamics (including landslide deformation direction, deformation speed, deformation range, etc.), groundwater level, water volume, Changes in hydrochemical characteristics, tree tilting and deformation of various buildings, changes in the external environment such as rainfall and seismic activity, etc., according to which the deformation development and deformation trend of slope landslides are predicted, the stable state is judged, the early warning value of slope instability is given, the construction is guided, the design and treatment effect are fed back, and the change characteristics after the implementation of the project are understood, so as to provide a scientific basis for the design and construction and disaster early warning. The comprehensive online monitoring of high slope can be divided into four layers: perception layer, network layer, platform layer and application layer.
Perception layer: real-time sensing of the status of slope monitoring parameter sensors, such as groundwater level, soil moisture content, earth pressure, surface displacement monitors and video surveillance cameras, rainfall and other front-end sensing equipment;
Network layer: support data communication, two-way communication between upstream and down, and support wireless cellular network, SMS, Beidou, PSTN, ultra-short wave, ZigBee and other communication modes. The sensing device M21F2 can be sent uplink to the monitoring and control center platform through the communication mode of the monitoring and early warning platform.
Platform layer: Integrate the equipment and system functions of each layer, issue the platform's commands to the front-end sensor through the connection of signals, upload the collection, processing, storage and analysis of monitoring data, and link the major monitoring equipment at the front-end in real time.
Application layer: Open the information release channel and display information data and early warning information in real time.
3. System functions
Data monitoring: Real-time monitoring of rainfall, surface displacement, soil moisture content, video, deep site migration, GPS, groundwater and other elements, and provide a visual data exhibition view.
Automatic alarm: real-time monitoring of abnormal or unexpected conditions, automatic sending of alarm information to management personnel, support WeChat SMS, email and other notification methods, and quickly view alarm details online.
Site management: Combine electronic maps and satellite maps to quickly query site distribution, site number, real-time data, real-time data and other information, quickly overview the alarm situation and take measures.
Data analysis: Flexibly analyze real-time data (change trend of historical data, trend comparison of similar data in the same time period, and trend comparison of different time periods, to support disaster prediction and emergency response.
Archiving management: Implement archiving management for monitoring points, and the type, name, responsible person, equipment and other information of the monitoring point can be entered and modified, and quick search and query can be supported.
O&M work order: Abnormal alarms can quickly generate O&M work orders, and combine online inspection and offline investigation to achieve timely maintenance of on-site equipment and on-site inspection of monitoring points.
Fourth, the value of the system
A scientific and perfect landslide monitoring and early warning system has been established, and the scientific, informational, standardized and visualized landslide prevention and management has been realized. It provides a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation decision-making, lays the foundation for the improvement of the quality, efficiency and management level of geological disaster prevention and control, and provides a set of reliable and practical landslide monitoring and early warning system solutions for provincial, municipal and county land and resources departments and environmental testing departments.